Eucalyptus piperita, commonly known as Sydney peppermint and urn-fruited peppermint,[2] is a small to medium forest tree native to New South Wales, Australia.
It has grey, rough and finely fibrous bark on its trunk, but its branches are smooth and white. Adult leaves are dull blue-green and often oblique. Bright yellow-green flowers are borne in clusters of seven or more in late spring to mid summer. Fruit is urceolate (urn shaped) to barrel shaped,[3] especially on the sides of valleys.[4][5]
Taxonomy and naming
Plate 23 of John White's Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, showing leaves and fruit of E. piperita (Only the centre and right images portray E. piperita; the fruit on the left was later shown to be E. capitellata.)
Specimens of E. piperita were first collected by First Fleet surgeon and naturalist John White, and published by James Edward Smith in his appendix to White's 1790 Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales.[6] Smith gave it the specific epithetpiperita because its odour of its essential oil was so similar to that of Mentha × piperita, the peppermint. White's Voyage also featured a plate showing the plant's leaves and old fruit, but no flowers.[7]
Sydney peppermint occurs in the tablelands and coastal areas of central and southern New South Wales,[3] especially on the sides of valleys.[4]
Uses
The volatile leaf oil of E. piperita has been used in stomach upsets.[8]
E. piperita 'type' has a fresh weight oil yield of 2.25% containing piperitone (40–50%) and phellandrene.[9]
Australian botanist, Joseph Maiden, was of the opinion that Dennis Considen, a surgeon on the First Fleet deserves credit for being the first person to recognize the medicinal value of Eucalyptus oil extracted from E. piperita found growing on the shores of Port Jackson in 1788.[10] This view is based on a letter Considen wrote in November 1788 to an English colleague, Dr Anthony Hamilton, saying that "... we have a large peppermint tree which is equal if not superior to our English peppermint. I have sent you a specimen of it if there is any merit in applying these and many other simples[sic] to the benefit of the poor wretches here, I certainly claim it, being the first who discovered and recommended them".[11] Considen dispatched an oil sample for further evaluation in England on the return voyage of the Golden Grove in 1788.[12][13]John White, Surgeon General to the Colony, is also credited with the discovery, in documenting the matter[14] and organizing oil samples to be sent back to England.[7] The surgeons initially based their assumptions of the medicinal properties of E. piperita from the similarity of its fragrance to English peppermint.
^ abBrooker, M. I. H. & Kleinig, D. A. (2001). Field Guide to Eucalyptus. Melbourne: Bloomings.
^ abBeadle, N. C. W.; O. D. Evans & R. C. Carolin (1972). Flora of the Sydney Region. Terrey Hills, Sydney: Reed. ISBN0-589-07086-X.
^"Eucalyptus piperita subsp. piperita". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
^"Eucalyptus piperita". APNI. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^ abcSmith, James Edward (1790). Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales. London: J. Debrett. pp. 226–228. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
^Lassak, E.V., & McCarthy, T., Australian Medicinal Plants, Methuen Australia, 1983, p. 154, ISBN0-454-00438-9.
^Penfold, A.R. and Morrison, F.R. 1924. Notes on Eucalyptus piperita and its essential oils, with special reference to their piperitone content. Part I. J. proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., 58, pp. 124–278
^Maiden, J.H., The Forest Flora of New South Wales, vol. 4, Government Printer, Sydney, 1922.
^Copy of letter received by Dr Anthony Hamiltion, from Dennis Considen, 18 November 1788, and sent onto Joseph Banks.[1] 2008-07-25 at the Wayback Machine
^Mackern, H.H.G., Research into the volitile[sic?] oils of the Australian flora, 1788–1967. In: A Century of Scientific Progress, pp. 310–331. Centenary Vol., Royal Society of New South wales. Science Society House, Sydney, 1968.
^Small, B.E.J., Assessing the Australian Eucalyptus oil industry. Forest and Timber, 13, pp. 13–16, 1977.
^Lassak, E.V., & McCarthy, T., Australian Medicinal Plants, Methuen Australia, 1983, p. 15, ISBN0-454-00438-9.
January 26, 2023
eucalyptus, piperita, commonly, known, sydney, peppermint, fruited, peppermint, small, medium, forest, tree, native, south, wales, australia, sydney, peppermint, maranoa, gardensscientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclade, tracheophytesclade, angiospermscl. Eucalyptus piperita commonly known as Sydney peppermint and urn fruited peppermint 2 is a small to medium forest tree native to New South Wales Australia Sydney peppermintEucalyptus piperita in Maranoa GardensScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder MyrtalesFamily MyrtaceaeGenus EucalyptusSpecies E piperitaBinomial nameEucalyptus piperitaSm 1 E piperita field distributionSynonyms 1 Synonyms Eucalyptus aromatica Salisb DominEucalyptus bottii BlakelyEucalyptus piperita Sm subsp piperitaEucalyptus piperita subsp urceolaris Maiden amp Blakely L A S Johnson amp BlaxellEucalyptus piperita var laxiflora Benth Eucalyptus piperita Sm var piperitaEucalyptus urceolaris Maiden amp BlakelyMetrosideros aromatica Salisb Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy and naming 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Uses 5 See also 6 ReferencesDescription EditIt has grey rough and finely fibrous bark on its trunk but its branches are smooth and white Adult leaves are dull blue green and often oblique Bright yellow green flowers are borne in clusters of seven or more in late spring to mid summer Fruit is urceolate urn shaped to barrel shaped 3 especially on the sides of valleys 4 5 Taxonomy and naming Edit Plate 23 of John White s Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales showing leaves and fruit of E piperita Only the centre and right images portray E piperita the fruit on the left was later shown to be E capitellata Specimens of E piperita were first collected by First Fleet surgeon and naturalist John White and published by James Edward Smith in his appendix to White s 1790 Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales 6 Smith gave it the specific epithet piperita because its odour of its essential oil was so similar to that of Mentha piperita the peppermint White s Voyage also featured a plate showing the plant s leaves and old fruit but no flowers 7 Smith s description was republished in his 1793 A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland 7 but this did not stop Richard Anthony Salisbury publishing the same plant as Metrosideros aromatica in 1796 Distribution and habitat EditSydney peppermint occurs in the tablelands and coastal areas of central and southern New South Wales 3 especially on the sides of valleys 4 Uses EditThe volatile leaf oil of E piperita has been used in stomach upsets 8 E piperita type has a fresh weight oil yield of 2 25 containing piperitone 40 50 and phellandrene 9 Australian botanist Joseph Maiden was of the opinion that Dennis Considen a surgeon on the First Fleet deserves credit for being the first person to recognize the medicinal value of Eucalyptus oil extracted from E piperita found growing on the shores of Port Jackson in 1788 10 This view is based on a letter Considen wrote in November 1788 to an English colleague Dr Anthony Hamilton saying that we have a large peppermint tree which is equal if not superior to our English peppermint I have sent you a specimen of it if there is any merit in applying these and many other simples sic to the benefit of the poor wretches here I certainly claim it being the first who discovered and recommended them 11 Considen dispatched an oil sample for further evaluation in England on the return voyage of the Golden Grove in 1788 12 13 John White Surgeon General to the Colony is also credited with the discovery in documenting the matter 14 and organizing oil samples to be sent back to England 7 The surgeons initially based their assumptions of the medicinal properties of E piperita from the similarity of its fragrance to English peppermint See also EditList of Eucalyptus speciesReferences Edit Wikisource has original text related to this article A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland Eucalyptus robusta Wikisource has original text related to this article Eucalyptus piperita Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eucalyptus piperita a b Eucalyptus piperita Australian Plant Census Retrieved 1 December 2019 Australian Plant Common Name Database Australian National Botanic Gardens Retrieved 2007 07 15 a b Brooker M I H amp Kleinig D A 2001 Field Guide to Eucalyptus Melbourne Bloomings a b Beadle N C W O D Evans amp R C Carolin 1972 Flora of the Sydney Region Terrey Hills Sydney Reed ISBN 0 589 07086 X Eucalyptus piperita subsp piperita Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Retrieved 30 May 2020 Eucalyptus piperita APNI Retrieved 1 December 2019 a b c Smith James Edward 1790 Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales London J Debrett pp 226 228 Retrieved 1 December 2019 Lassak E V amp McCarthy T Australian Medicinal Plants Methuen Australia 1983 p 154 ISBN 0 454 00438 9 Penfold A R and Morrison F R 1924 Notes on Eucalyptus piperita and its essential oils with special reference to their piperitone content Part I J proc Roy Soc N S W 58 pp 124 278 Maiden J H The Forest Flora of New South Wales vol 4 Government Printer Sydney 1922 Copy of letter received by Dr Anthony Hamiltion from Dennis Considen 18 November 1788 and sent onto Joseph Banks 1 Archived 2008 07 25 at the Wayback Machine Mackern H H G Research into the volitile sic oils of the Australian flora 1788 1967 In A Century of Scientific Progress pp 310 331 Centenary Vol Royal Society of New South wales Science Society House Sydney 1968 Small B E J Assessing the Australian Eucalyptus oil industry Forest and Timber 13 pp 13 16 1977 Lassak E V amp McCarthy T Australian Medicinal Plants Methuen Australia 1983 p 15 ISBN 0 454 00438 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eucalyptus piperita amp oldid 1121792538, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
