fbpx
Wikipedia

Ergenekon

May 06, 2023

For the alleged organization within Turkey, see Ergenekon (allegation).

Ergenekon (sometimes spelled Ergeneqon, Mongolian: Эргүнэ хун, romanized: Ergüne khun) is a founding myth of Turkic and Mongolic peoples.[1][2]

Etymology

There are conflicting etymological theories about the origin of the word Ergenekon. According to academics such as Russian linguist Zoriktuev, who attribute the myth originally to Mongolic peoples, the name was derived from the Argun River (Ergune) and kun, which in the Old Mongolian language meant a high plateau with steep slopes. According to Zoriktuev it's not possible for it to be derived from Old Turkic, since the place name and the dastan associated with it were later borrowed by the Turkic peoples.[3]

According to Kazakh philologist Nemat Kelimebov and other Turkic-origin advocates, Ergenekon is a portmanteau derived from Old Turkic roots ergene "fording point, passage, mountain gorge" and kon "encampment, place of living" and can be translated as "encampment (of cattle breeders) in a mountain gorge".[3]

Variants

Mongolian version

In the Mongolian version, Ergenekon was the refuge of the progenitors of the Mongols, Nekuz and Qiyan (according to Abulghazi Bahadur, nephew and son of Il-Khan respectively), as told in the 14th-century literary history Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani.[1][4][5][6] It is a common epic in Mongol mythologies.

Abulghazi Bahadur, khan of the Khanate of Khiva (1643–1663), told of the Ergenekon Mongolian creation myth in his work, 17th-century "Shajara-i Turk" (Genealogy of the Turks).[5][6]

Turkic version

 
Extent of the First Turkic Khaganate in AD 600

In the Turkic mythology, the myth aims to explain the foundation of the First Turkic Khaganate. The Ergenekon legend tells about a great crisis of the ancient Turks. Following a military defeat, the Turks took refuge in the legendary Ergenekon valley where they were trapped for four centuries. They were finally released when a blacksmith created a passage by melting the mountain, allowing the gray wolf Asena to lead them out. The people led out of the valley founded the Turkic Khaganate, with the valley functioning as its capital.[7][8][9][10][11][12] A New Year's ceremony commemorates the legendary ancestral escape from Ergenekon.[13]

In Turkish literature

Ottoman Era

In the late Ottoman era, the Ergenekon epic enjoyed use in Turkish literature (especially by the Turkish nationalist movement), describing a mythical Turkic place of origin located in the inaccessible valleys of the Altay Mountains. In 1864 Ahmed Vefik Pasha translated Shajara-i Turk into the Ottoman language under the title Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye,[14] published in Tasvir-i Efkâr newspaper.[15]

Ziya Gökalp's poem put the Ergenekon epic in the context of Turkic history (Turkish text), published as "Türk An'anesi: Ergenekon" in Türk Duygusu magazine from May 8 to June 5, 1913,[16] Altın Armağan [17] in September 1913,[18] and under the title of "Ergenekon" in Kızılelma, 1914.[19] Ömer Seyfettin's poem on the topic was published in Halka Doğru magazine, April 9, 1914.[15][20] Rıza Nur translated Shajara-i turk into modern Turkish in 1925,[21] and mentioned Ergenekon in Oğuznâme, published in Alexandria, 1928.[22]

Foundation of the Turkish Republic

 
First issue of Ergenekon magazine, 1938

The first author to connect the mythology of Ergenekon to the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1923 was Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu. Karaosmanoğlu was the author of several essays about the Turkish War of Independence. His interpretation of the myth bolstered its place in the founding mythology of the modern Turkish nation-state.[23]

The myth itself was a story about the survival of the Turkic people who, faced with extinction, were able to escape with the help of their totem god, the bozkurt "wolf".[24] The wolf remains a potent symbol of Turkish nationalism into the present day. Even the renowned Turkish dissident poet Nazim Hikmet lauded Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as a "blonde wolf" in the poem titled Kuva-yi Milliye. While the original Ergenekon myth was about the survival of the ancient Turkic people, in its Republican form it carried the symbolism of Turkey's national self-determination.[23]

During the early republican era of Turkey (especially in the 1930s, when ethnic nationalism held its sway in Turkey), the tale of the Bozkurt, Asena and Ergenekon were promoted[25] along with Pan-Turkism, and included in history textbooks as the Göktürk creation myth.[26][27]

In 1933, Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, a Turkish intellectual and a founder and key theorist of the Kadro movement, consubstantiated the Ergenekon epic with the Turkish revolution.[28] In the new Turkish version of the Egenekon Legend, the motif of the wolf was added[29] (Turkish text, version of Ministry of National Education of Turkey).

Comparisons

According to Ergun Candan, there are some similarities between the mythologies of other cultures in their symbolism. The she-wolf Asena showed the Turks the way through the labyrinth of valleys and mountain passes. According to Ergun Candan, the she-wolf may be seen as a symbol of the "dog star" Sirius.[30]

References

  1. ^ a b [1]Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh
  2. ^ Abulghazi Bahadur, "Genealogy of the Turk"
  3. ^ a b Zoriktuev, B. R. (2015-09-01). "The Turkic Version of the Origins of the Ergene-Kun Legend: Mistakes and Delusions". Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia. 43 (3): 107–115. doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2015.11.011. ISSN 1563-0110.
  4. ^ Jiexian Chen, Guoli Taiwan daxue, Proceedings of the Fifth East Asian Altaistic Conference, December 26, 1979 – January 2, 1980, Taipei, China, National Taiwan University, 1980. According to Reshideddin's record original Mongols, historically, were divided into two parts. They are: 1. Those branches descended from the Original Mongol Tribes, which had been in ارکننه قون Ergenekon… Those tribes are: The origin of Mongols were descendants from these two persons, Nekuz and Qiyan and their wives who escaped to Ergenkon. (in English)
  5. ^ a b Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Mitolojisi Vol. I, Milli Eğitim basımevi, İstanbul, 1971, Türk Mitolojisi I: 'Kaynakları ve Açıklamaları İle Destanlar, Tütk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, pp. 14–15. (in Turkish)
  6. ^ a b Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 9756782366, pp. 527–43. (in Turkish)
  7. ^ Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research, Vol. 1–2, 2001, p. 66
  8. ^ Murat Ocak, The Turks: Early ages, 2002, pp. 76
  9. ^ Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002, ISBN 975-6782-36-6, pp. 527–43.
  10. ^ İbrahim Aksu: The story of Turkish surnames: an onomastic study of Turkish family names, their origins, and related matters, Volume 1, 2006, p. 87
  11. ^ H. B. Paksoy, Essays on Central Asia, 1999, p. 49
  12. ^ Andrew Finkle, Turkish State, Turkish Society, Routledge, 1990, p. 80
  13. ^ Michael Gervers, Wayne Schlepp: Religion, customary law, and nomadic technology, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 2000, p. 60
  14. ^ Abu'l-Gâzî, Şecere-i Evşâl-i Türkiyye, [Ahmed Vefik Pasha neşri], Dersaadet, 1864.
  15. ^ a b İsa Özkan, "Ergenekon Destanı Hakkında", Türk Yurdu, Cilt: 29, Sayı: 265, Eylül 2009, pp. 43–47. (in Turkish)
  16. ^ Mehmed Ziya, "Ergenekon", Türk Duygusu, no. 1, pp. 7–10.
  17. ^ "Ergenekon", Altın Armağan, no. 1 (Türk Yurdu, no. 24's supplement, Istanbul, 1328), p. 20.
  18. ^ Beşir Ayvazoğlu, "Ziya Gökalp'ın Ergenekon'u" September 4, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Zaman, August 6, 2009, Retrieved July 24, 2010. (in Turkish)
  19. ^ Ziya Gökalp, Ziya Gökalp Külliyatı I: Şiirler ve Halk Masalları, haz. Fevziye Abdullah Tansel, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1989, s. xlii, 78–83. (in Turkish)
  20. ^ Ali Duymaz, Ömer Seyfettin'in Kaleme Aldığı Destanlar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme", Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisicilt:12, sayı: 21, Haziran 2009, p. 415. (in Turkish)
  21. ^ Abu'l Gâzî, Şecere-i Türk, [Rıza Nur neşri], İstanbul, 1925.
  22. ^ Metin Özarslan, "Oğuz Kağan Destanı'nda Tarihî, Dinî, Beşerî ve Tabiatüstü Unsurlar", Prof. Dr. Dursun Yıldırım Armağanı, Ankara, 1998, p. 426. (in Turkish)
  23. ^ a b Göknar, Erdag (2013-02-15). Orhan Pamuk, Secularism and Blasphemy: The Politics of the Turkish Novel. Routledge. p. 6. ISBN 9781136164286.
  24. ^ Halman, Talah. A Millennium of Turkish Literature. pp. 5–6.
  25. ^ Murat Arman, "The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism", CEU Political Science Journal, issue: 2 (2007), p. 136.
  26. ^ Türk Tarihinin Ana Hatları, Kaynak Yayınları, 1999, ISBN 975-343-118-X; p. 380. (first edition: 1930) (in Turkish)
  27. ^ Tarih II: Kemalist Eğitimin Tarih Dersleri (1931 - 1941), Kaynak Yayınları, 2001, ISBN 975-343-319-0, p. 44. (first edition: 1931) (in Turkish)
  28. ^ İlhan Tekeli, Selim İlkin, Kadrocuları ve Kadro'yu anlamak, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, 2003, ISBN 9789753331708, p. 219. (in Turkish)
  29. ^ Beşir Ayvazoğlu, "Ergenekon yurdun adı" February 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Zaman, January 31, 2008, Retrieved July 24, 2010. (in Turkish)
  30. ^ Candan, Ergun. (2002). Türklerin Kültür Kökenleri, Sınır Ötesi Yayınları, Istanbul, pp. ?113–14, ISBN 975-8312-11-1

External sources


May 06, 2023
ergenekon, alleged, organization, within, turkey, allegation, sometimes, spelled, ergeneqon, mongolian, Эргүнэ, хун, romanized, ergüne, khun, founding, myth, turkic, mongolic, peoples, contents, etymology, variants, mongolian, version, turkic, version, turkish. For the alleged organization within Turkey see Ergenekon allegation Ergenekon sometimes spelled Ergeneqon Mongolian Ergүne hun romanized Ergune khun is a founding myth of Turkic and Mongolic peoples 1 2 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Variants 2 1 Mongolian version 2 2 Turkic version 3 In Turkish literature 3 1 Ottoman Era 3 2 Foundation of the Turkish Republic 4 Comparisons 5 References 6 External sourcesEtymology EditThere are conflicting etymological theories about the origin of the word Ergenekon According to academics such as Russian linguist Zoriktuev who attribute the myth originally to Mongolic peoples the name was derived from the Argun River Ergune and kun which in the Old Mongolian language meant a high plateau with steep slopes According to Zoriktuev it s not possible for it to be derived from Old Turkic since the place name and the dastan associated with it were later borrowed by the Turkic peoples 3 According to Kazakh philologist Nemat Kelimebov and other Turkic origin advocates Ergenekon is a portmanteau derived from Old Turkic roots ergene fording point passage mountain gorge and kon encampment place of living and can be translated as encampment of cattle breeders in a mountain gorge 3 Variants EditMongolian version Edit In the Mongolian version Ergenekon was the refuge of the progenitors of the Mongols Nekuz and Qiyan according to Abulghazi Bahadur nephew and son of Il Khan respectively as told in the 14th century literary history Jamiʿ al tawarikh written by Rashid al Din Hamadani 1 4 5 6 It is a common epic in Mongol mythologies Abulghazi Bahadur khan of the Khanate of Khiva 1643 1663 told of the Ergenekon Mongolian creation myth in his work 17th century Shajara i Turk Genealogy of the Turks 5 6 Turkic version Edit Extent of the First Turkic Khaganate in AD 600 In the Turkic mythology the myth aims to explain the foundation of the First Turkic Khaganate The Ergenekon legend tells about a great crisis of the ancient Turks Following a military defeat the Turks took refuge in the legendary Ergenekon valley where they were trapped for four centuries They were finally released when a blacksmith created a passage by melting the mountain allowing the gray wolf Asena to lead them out The people led out of the valley founded the Turkic Khaganate with the valley functioning as its capital 7 8 9 10 11 12 A New Year s ceremony commemorates the legendary ancestral escape from Ergenekon 13 In Turkish literature EditOttoman Era Edit In the late Ottoman era the Ergenekon epic enjoyed use in Turkish literature especially by the Turkish nationalist movement describing a mythical Turkic place of origin located in the inaccessible valleys of the Altay Mountains In 1864 Ahmed Vefik Pasha translated Shajara i Turk into the Ottoman language under the title Secere i Evsal i Turkiyye 14 published in Tasvir i Efkar newspaper 15 Ziya Gokalp s poem put the Ergenekon epic in the context of Turkic history Turkish text published as Turk An anesi Ergenekon in Turk Duygusu magazine from May 8 to June 5 1913 16 Altin Armagan 17 in September 1913 18 and under the title of Ergenekon in Kizilelma 1914 19 Omer Seyfettin s poem on the topic was published in Halka Dogru magazine April 9 1914 15 20 Riza Nur translated Shajara i turk into modern Turkish in 1925 21 and mentioned Ergenekon in Oguzname published in Alexandria 1928 22 Foundation of the Turkish Republic Edit First issue of Ergenekon magazine 1938 The first author to connect the mythology of Ergenekon to the founding of the Turkish Republic in 1923 was Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu Karaosmanoglu was the author of several essays about the Turkish War of Independence His interpretation of the myth bolstered its place in the founding mythology of the modern Turkish nation state 23 The myth itself was a story about the survival of the Turkic people who faced with extinction were able to escape with the help of their totem god the bozkurt wolf 24 The wolf remains a potent symbol of Turkish nationalism into the present day Even the renowned Turkish dissident poet Nazim Hikmet lauded Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as a blonde wolf in the poem titled Kuva yi Milliye While the original Ergenekon myth was about the survival of the ancient Turkic people in its Republican form it carried the symbolism of Turkey s national self determination 23 During the early republican era of Turkey especially in the 1930s when ethnic nationalism held its sway in Turkey the tale of the Bozkurt Asena and Ergenekon were promoted 25 along with Pan Turkism and included in history textbooks as the Gokturk creation myth 26 27 In 1933 Sevket Sureyya Aydemir a Turkish intellectual and a founder and key theorist of the Kadro movement consubstantiated the Ergenekon epic with the Turkish revolution 28 In the new Turkish version of the Egenekon Legend the motif of the wolf was added 29 Turkish text version of Ministry of National Education of Turkey Comparisons EditAccording to Ergun Candan there are some similarities between the mythologies of other cultures in their symbolism The she wolf Asena showed the Turks the way through the labyrinth of valleys and mountain passes According to Ergun Candan the she wolf may be seen as a symbol of the dog star Sirius 30 References Edit a b 1 Jamiʿ al tawarikh Abulghazi Bahadur Genealogy of the Turk a b Zoriktuev B R 2015 09 01 The Turkic Version of the Origins of the Ergene Kun Legend Mistakes and Delusions Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 43 3 107 115 doi 10 1016 j aeae 2015 11 011 ISSN 1563 0110 Jiexian Chen Guoli Taiwan daxue Proceedings of the Fifth East Asian Altaistic Conference December 26 1979 January 2 1980 Taipei China National Taiwan University 1980 According to Reshideddin s record original Mongols historically were divided into two parts They are 1 Those branches descended from the Original Mongol Tribes which had been in ارکننه قون Ergenekon Those tribes are The origin of Mongols were descendants from these two persons Nekuz and Qiyan and their wives who escaped to Ergenkon in English a b Bahaeddin Ogel Turk Mitolojisi Vol I Milli Egitim basimevi Istanbul 1971 Turk Mitolojisi I Kaynaklari ve Aciklamalari Ile Destanlar Tutk Tarih Kurumu Ankara 1989 pp 14 15 in Turkish a b Dursun Yildirim Ergenekon Destani Turkler Vol 3 Yeni Turkiye Ankara 2002 ISBN 9756782366 pp 527 43 in Turkish Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research Vol 1 2 2001 p 66 Murat Ocak The Turks Early ages 2002 pp 76 Dursun Yildirim Ergenekon Destani Turkler Vol 3 Yeni Turkiye Ankara 2002 ISBN 975 6782 36 6 pp 527 43 Ibrahim Aksu The story of Turkish surnames an onomastic study of Turkish family names their origins and related matters Volume 1 2006 p 87 H B Paksoy Essays on Central Asia 1999 p 49 Andrew Finkle Turkish State Turkish Society Routledge 1990 p 80 Michael Gervers Wayne Schlepp Religion customary law and nomadic technology Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies 2000 p 60 Abu l Gazi Secere i Evsal i Turkiyye Ahmed Vefik Pasha nesri Dersaadet 1864 a b Isa Ozkan Ergenekon Destani Hakkinda Turk Yurdu Cilt 29 Sayi 265 Eylul 2009 pp 43 47 in Turkish Mehmed Ziya Ergenekon Turk Duygusu no 1 pp 7 10 Ergenekon Altin Armagan no 1 Turk Yurdu no 24 s supplement Istanbul 1328 p 20 Besir Ayvazoglu Ziya Gokalp in Ergenekon u Archived September 4 2009 at the Wayback Machine Zaman August 6 2009 Retrieved July 24 2010 in Turkish Ziya Gokalp Ziya Gokalp Kulliyati I Siirler ve Halk Masallari haz Fevziye Abdullah Tansel Turk Tarih Kurumu Ankara 1989 s xlii 78 83 in Turkish Ali Duymaz Omer Seyfettin in Kaleme Aldigi Destanlar Uzerine Bir Degerlendirme Balikesir Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu Dergisicilt 12 sayi 21 Haziran 2009 p 415 in Turkish Abu l Gazi Secere i Turk Riza Nur nesri Istanbul 1925 Metin Ozarslan Oguz Kagan Destani nda Tarihi Dini Beseri ve Tabiatustu Unsurlar Prof Dr Dursun Yildirim Armagani Ankara 1998 p 426 in Turkish a b Goknar Erdag 2013 02 15 Orhan Pamuk Secularism and Blasphemy The Politics of the Turkish Novel Routledge p 6 ISBN 9781136164286 Halman Talah A Millennium of Turkish Literature pp 5 6 Murat Arman The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism CEU Political Science Journal issue 2 2007 p 136 Turk Tarihinin Ana Hatlari Kaynak Yayinlari 1999 ISBN 975 343 118 X p 380 first edition 1930 in Turkish Tarih II Kemalist Egitimin Tarih Dersleri 1931 1941 Kaynak Yayinlari 2001 ISBN 975 343 319 0 p 44 first edition 1931 in Turkish Ilhan Tekeli Selim Ilkin Kadroculari ve Kadro yu anlamak Turkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfi 2003 ISBN 9789753331708 p 219 in Turkish Besir Ayvazoglu Ergenekon yurdun adi Archived February 29 2012 at the Wayback Machine Zaman January 31 2008 Retrieved July 24 2010 in Turkish Candan Ergun 2002 Turklerin Kultur Kokenleri Sinir Otesi Yayinlari Istanbul pp 113 14 ISBN 975 8312 11 1External sources EditScharlipp Wolfgang E 2020 Ergenekon In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Stewart Devin J eds Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE Brill Online ISSN 1873 9830 Ergenekonat WikiSource Turkish the version of the Ministry of National Education of Turkey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ergenekon amp oldid 1150729351, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.