Eremophila gilesii, commonly known Charleville turkey bush, green turkey bush, desert fuchsia and Giles emu bush[2] is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is usually a low, spreading shrub with pinkish-lilac to purple flowers and is widespread in the Northern Territory and all mainland states except Victoria. It is considered a difficult agricultural weed in some parts of Queensland but is often used as a bush medicine by Aboriginal people.
Eremophila gilesii is usually a low spreading shrub but sometimes prostrate and sometimes an erect shrub. It usually grows to a height of between 0.15 and 0.8 m (0.5 and 3 ft) and has branches and leaves which are sticky due to the presence of resin. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stems and are 12–91 mm (0.5–4 in) long, 0.5–5.6 mm (0.02–0.2 in) wide, linear to lance-shaped, and covered with glandular hairs. The margins of the leaves are sometimes serrated or have fine teeth.[2][3][4][5]
The flowers are usually borne singly in leaf axils on an S-shaped, sticky, flattened stalk 6.5–32 mm (0.3–1 in) long. There are 5 linear to lance-shaped, tapering green sepals which are 5.5–16 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long and covered with mostly glandular hairs. The petals are 16.5–40 mm (0.6–2 in) long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is white to lilac-coloured on the outside and white, spotted purple on the inside. The outside of the tube and petal lobes are hairy but the inside of the lobes is glabrous and the inside of the tube is woolly. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering occurs from March to November and is followed by fruit which are dry, woody, oval-shaped, hairy and 6.5–12.5 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long.[2][3][4][5]
Eremophila gilesii gilesii growing near Wongawol Road, east of Wiluna
Eremophila gilesiiF.Muell. subsp. gilesii[8] which has distinctly flattened flower stalks and linear leaves and is the more widespread subspecies;[2]
Eremophila gilesii subsp. variabilis Chinnock [9] which has flower stalks that are only slightly flattened in the lower part, elliptic to lance-shaped leaves and is only found in Western Australia.[2]
Distribution and habitatedit
In New South Wales, Eremophila gilesii subsp. gilesii occurs in the Wanaaring and Enngonia districts in the north west of the state. It is widespread in the western half of South Australia, the southern half of the Northern Territory and in a central band across Western Australia. It grows in sand or loam soils on plains and low hills.[3][10][11] Subspecies variabilis only occurs in Western Australia in the Gascoyne, Gibson Desert, Great Victoria Desert, Little Sandy Desert and Murchison biogeographic regions where it grows in sand, clay or laterite on plains or in rocky areas.[11][12]
Ecologyedit
Because Eremophila gilesii rapidly regenerates after clearing of mulga, it is regarded as an agricultural weed in places such as south-west Queensland.[13] It is a prolific producer of seeds and can easily form dense stands of up to 12,000 shrubs per hectare (5,000 per acre),[14] restricting the growth of pasture.[15] Biological control with the grasshoppers Monistria discrepans and M. pustulifera has been trialled[16] as has management such as heavy stocking after rainfall exceeding 40 mm (2 in) in areas where this plant is a problem.[17] More recent studies have shown that mechanical treatments such as ploughing and heavy stocking may not reduce the number of plants, but instead reduce their size, making stock movement easier.[14]
Conservation statusedit
Both subspecies of Eremophila gilesii are classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[18]
Usesedit
Indigenous useedit
Aboriginal people use this eremophila in several ways including as a decoction and infusion to treat ailments such as headache, chest pains, sores and colds.[19]
Horticultureedit
This eremophila is suitable for most gardens but the Queensland form has larger grey leaves and flowers over a longer period than others. All have large, blue to purple, well-displayed flowers. It can be grown from cuttings or by grafting, the latter method being preferred if the plant is to be grown in heavier soils. Mature plants are drought and frost tolerant but respond to watering during long dry spells and to light pruning to manage its shape.[20]
^ ab"Eremophila gilesii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
^ abcdefChinnock, R.J. (Bob) (2007). Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae (1st ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. pp. 317–320. ISBN9781877058165.
^ abcBrown, Andrew; Buirchell, Bevan (2011). A field guide to the eremophilas of Western Australia (1st ed.). Hamilton Hill, W.A.: Simon Nevill Publications. pp. 115–116. ISBN9780980348156.
^ ab"Eremophila gilesii". State Herbarium of South Australia:eflora. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^ abChinnock, Robert J. "Eremophila gilesii". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: Plantnet. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^"Eremophila gilesii". APNI. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^von Mueller, Ferdinand (1873). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Vol. 8. Melbourne. p. 49. Retrieved 28 January 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"Eremophila gilesii subsp. gilesii". APNI. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^"Eremophila gilesii subsp. variabilis". APNI. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^"Eremophila gilesii". Australian Native Plant Society Australia. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^ abDaryanto, Stefani; Eldridge, David J. (December 2010). "Plant and soil surface responses to a combination of shrub removal and grazing in a shrub-encroached woodland" (PDF). Journal of Environmental Management. 91 (12): 2639–2648. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.07.038. PMID 20696514. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^"Kit 7, Part1, Flora of South-West Queensland". Meat and Livestock Australia Ltd. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^Allstopp, P.G. (1976). "Biological Control of Green Turkey Bush" (PDF). Queensland Agricultural Journal: 433–434. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^Burrows, W.H. (1974). A Study of the Phenology and Germination of Eremophila gilessii in Semi-Arid Queensland (in Plant Morphogenesis as the Basis for Scientific Management of Range Resources. Washington D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture. pp. 150–159.
^Richmond, G.S. (1993). "A Review of the Use of Eremophila (Myoporaceae) by Australian Aborigines" (PDF). Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. 15 (2): 101–107. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
^Boschen, Norma; Goods, Maree; Wait, Russell (2008). Australia's eremophilas : changing gardens for a changing climate. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 204–205. ISBN9781876473655.
January 01, 1970
eremophila, gilesii, commonly, known, charleville, turkey, bush, green, turkey, bush, desert, fuchsia, giles, bush, flowering, plant, figwort, family, scrophulariaceae, endemic, australia, usually, spreading, shrub, with, pinkish, lilac, purple, flowers, wides. Eremophila gilesii commonly known Charleville turkey bush green turkey bush desert fuchsia and Giles emu bush 2 is a flowering plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Australia It is usually a low spreading shrub with pinkish lilac to purple flowers and is widespread in the Northern Territory and all mainland states except Victoria It is considered a difficult agricultural weed in some parts of Queensland but is often used as a bush medicine by Aboriginal people Charleville turkey bush Eremophila gilesii gilesii leaves and flowers Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Lamiales Family Scrophulariaceae Genus Eremophila Species E gilesii Binomial name Eremophila gilesiiF Muell 1 Synonyms 1 Bondtia berryi Kuntze orth var Bondtia gilesii Kuntze orth var Bontia berryi F Muell Kuntze Bontia gilesii F Muell Kuntze Eremophila berryi F Muell Eremophila gilesii F Muell nom inval nom nud Eremophila gilesii var argenteaEwart Eremophila gilesii var filiformeEwart amp O B Davies Eremophila gilesii var filiformis Chinnock orth var Eremophila goodwinii var angustifolia F Muell Pholidia gilesii F Muell Wettst Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy and naming 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Ecology 5 Conservation status 6 Uses 6 1 Indigenous use 6 2 Horticulture 7 See also 8 ReferencesDescription editEremophila gilesii is usually a low spreading shrub but sometimes prostrate and sometimes an erect shrub It usually grows to a height of between 0 15 and 0 8 m 0 5 and 3 ft and has branches and leaves which are sticky due to the presence of resin The leaves are arranged alternately along the stems and are 12 91 mm 0 5 4 in long 0 5 5 6 mm 0 02 0 2 in wide linear to lance shaped and covered with glandular hairs The margins of the leaves are sometimes serrated or have fine teeth 2 3 4 5 The flowers are usually borne singly in leaf axils on an S shaped sticky flattened stalk 6 5 32 mm 0 3 1 in long There are 5 linear to lance shaped tapering green sepals which are 5 5 16 mm 0 2 0 6 in long and covered with mostly glandular hairs The petals are 16 5 40 mm 0 6 2 in long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube The petal tube is white to lilac coloured on the outside and white spotted purple on the inside The outside of the tube and petal lobes are hairy but the inside of the lobes is glabrous and the inside of the tube is woolly The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube Flowering occurs from March to November and is followed by fruit which are dry woody oval shaped hairy and 6 5 12 5 mm 0 3 0 5 in long 2 3 4 5 nbsp Eremophila gilesii gilesii growing near Wongawol Road east of WilunaTaxonomy and naming editThe species was first formally described in 1873 by Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae 6 7 The specific epithet gilesii honours Ernest Giles who collected the type specimen 2 There are two subspecies Eremophila gilesii F Muell subsp gilesii 8 which has distinctly flattened flower stalks and linear leaves and is the more widespread subspecies 2 Eremophila gilesii subsp variabilis Chinnock 9 which has flower stalks that are only slightly flattened in the lower part elliptic to lance shaped leaves and is only found in Western Australia 2 Distribution and habitat editIn New South Wales Eremophila gilesii subsp gilesii occurs in the Wanaaring and Enngonia districts in the north west of the state It is widespread in the western half of South Australia the southern half of the Northern Territory and in a central band across Western Australia It grows in sand or loam soils on plains and low hills 3 10 11 Subspecies variabilis only occurs in Western Australia in the Gascoyne Gibson Desert Great Victoria Desert Little Sandy Desert and Murchison biogeographic regions where it grows in sand clay or laterite on plains or in rocky areas 11 12 Ecology editBecause Eremophila gilesii rapidly regenerates after clearing of mulga it is regarded as an agricultural weed in places such as south west Queensland 13 It is a prolific producer of seeds and can easily form dense stands of up to 12 000 shrubs per hectare 5 000 per acre 14 restricting the growth of pasture 15 Biological control with the grasshoppers Monistria discrepans and M pustulifera has been trialled 16 as has management such as heavy stocking after rainfall exceeding 40 mm 2 in in areas where this plant is a problem 17 More recent studies have shown that mechanical treatments such as ploughing and heavy stocking may not reduce the number of plants but instead reduce their size making stock movement easier 14 Conservation status editBoth subspecies of Eremophila gilesii are classified as not threatened by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife 18 Uses editIndigenous use edit Aboriginal people use this eremophila in several ways including as a decoction and infusion to treat ailments such as headache chest pains sores and colds 19 Horticulture edit This eremophila is suitable for most gardens but the Queensland form has larger grey leaves and flowers over a longer period than others All have large blue to purple well displayed flowers It can be grown from cuttings or by grafting the latter method being preferred if the plant is to be grown in heavier soils Mature plants are drought and frost tolerant but respond to watering during long dry spells and to light pruning to manage its shape 20 See also editPlants using Giles namesReferences edit a b Eremophila gilesii Australian Plant Census Retrieved 3 May 2020 a b c d e f Chinnock R J Bob 2007 Eremophila and allied genera a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae 1st ed Dural NSW Rosenberg pp 317 320 ISBN 9781877058165 a b c Brown Andrew Buirchell Bevan 2011 A field guide to the eremophilas of Western Australia 1st ed Hamilton Hill W A Simon Nevill Publications pp 115 116 ISBN 9780980348156 a b Eremophila gilesii State Herbarium of South Australia eflora Retrieved 28 January 2016 a b Chinnock Robert J Eremophila gilesii Royal Botanic Garden Sydney Plantnet Retrieved 28 January 2016 Eremophila gilesii APNI Retrieved 28 January 2016 von Mueller Ferdinand 1873 Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae Vol 8 Melbourne p 49 Retrieved 28 January 2016 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Eremophila gilesii subsp gilesii APNI Retrieved 28 January 2016 Eremophila gilesii subsp variabilis APNI Retrieved 28 January 2016 Eremophila gilesii subsp gilesii FloraBase Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions a b Paczkowska Grazyna Chapman Alex R 2000 The Western Australian flora a descriptive catalogue Perth Wildflower Society of Western Australia p 336 ISBN 0646402439 Eremophila gilesii subsp variabilis FloraBase Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Eremophila gilesii Australian Native Plant Society Australia Retrieved 28 January 2016 a b Daryanto Stefani Eldridge David J December 2010 Plant and soil surface responses to a combination of shrub removal and grazing in a shrub encroached woodland PDF Journal of Environmental Management 91 12 2639 2648 doi 10 1016 j jenvman 2010 07 038 PMID 20696514 Retrieved 28 January 2016 Kit 7 Part1 Flora of South West Queensland Meat and Livestock Australia Ltd Retrieved 28 January 2016 Allstopp P G 1976 Biological Control of Green Turkey Bush PDF Queensland Agricultural Journal 433 434 Retrieved 28 January 2016 Burrows W H 1974 A Study of the Phenology and Germination ofEremophila gilessiiin Semi Arid Queensland in Plant Morphogenesis as the Basis for Scientific Management of Range Resources Washington D C United States Department of Agriculture pp 150 159 Eremophila gilesii FloraBase Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Richmond G S 1993 A Review of the Use of Eremophila Myoporaceae by Australian Aborigines PDF Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden 15 2 101 107 Retrieved 28 January 2016 Boschen Norma Goods Maree Wait Russell 2008 Australia s eremophilas changing gardens for a changing climate Melbourne Bloomings Books pp 204 205 ISBN 9781876473655 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eremophila gilesii amp oldid 1191586564, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
