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Epermeniidae

March 21, 2024

Epermeniidae or the fringe-tufted moths is a family of insects in the lepidopteran order with about 14 genera. Previously they have been divided in two subfamilies Epermeniinae and Ochromolopinae (e.g. Common, 1990: 321) but this is no longer maintained since the last group is probably hierarchically nested within the first (Dugdale et al., 1999). They are presently placed in their own superfamily but have previously been placed among the Yponomeutoidea or Copromorphoidea with which they share some features. Their systematic placement among the apoditrysian group "Obtectomera" (having pupal segments I-IV immobile) is however uncertain. They show some morphological similarities to the "plume moths" (Alucitoidea and Pterophoroidea), for example the wing fringe has similar groups of scales (Dugdale et al., 1999). There are also some similarities to Schreckensteinioidea, for example spiny legs and at least in some species an open-network cocoon. The genus Thambotricha from New Zealand may be the sister group of all other extant members. The most important genera are Epermenia, Ochromolopis and Gnathifera. The group has been extensively revised and catalogued by Dr Reinhard Gaedike (e.g. Gaedike, 1977, 1979).

Epermeniidae
Epermenia illigerella
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Infraorder: Heteroneura
Clade: Eulepidoptera
Clade: Ditrysia
Clade: Apoditrysia
Superfamily: Epermenioidea
Minet, 1983
Family: Epermeniidae
Spuler, 1910
Diversity
About 83 species

Identification edit

Epermeniidae are small narrow-winged moths, having a span of 7–20 mm, with conspicuous whorls of bristles on their legs, lacking spines on the abdomen unlike some similar moths. The smoothly scaled head bears no ocelli or "chaetosemata". They are most easily confused with Stathmopodinae (Oecophoridae), which unlike epermeniids have the tarsi of the forelegs and midlegs without the whorls of spines, and whose proboscis is scaled at the base.[1] The projecting scale tufts on the inner margin of the hindwing is the easiest field character (Common, 1990).

Distribution edit

Epermeniidae occur worldwide in both temperate and tropical regions and especially in montane areas,[2] but are sparsely known from the Afrotropics. Gnathifera occurs from Australia to New Caledonia; Epermenia ranges from the Palaearctic to Indo-Australia and the Pacific islands.[3]

Behaviour edit

Epermeniidae are nocturnal as adults and well-camouflaged. They rest parallel to the surface with their wings held over their back in a tent-like manner (Robinson et al., 1994).

Biology edit

The caterpillars feed inside almost any plant parts (fruits, seeds, galls, leaves or flowers), sometimes in a mine or sometimes exposed or under silk on the leaf surface; unlike some Lepidoptera the pupa is not extruded from the cocoon,[4] and may be found in its fine open-network cocoon on the plant or amongst debris on the ground.[5]

Host plants edit

Many species in Europe feed on umbels of Apiaceae, and Epermenia chaerophyllella is a pest of cultivated species.[6] Other species feed on the parasitic plant families Santalaceae (e.g. the Australian quandong moth) and Loranthaceae, or on Pinaceae, Pittosporaceae and Leguminosae.[7]

Systematics edit

References edit

  1. ^ Robinson et al., 1994
  2. ^ Robinson et al., 1994
  3. ^ Holloway et al., 2001
  4. ^ Robinson et al., 1994
  5. ^ Common, 1990
  6. ^ Dugdale et al., 1999
  7. ^ Search Results: Family Epermeniidae. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  • Common, I.F.B. (1990). Moths of Australia. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden. 535 pages.
  • Dugdale, J.S., Kristensen, N.P., Robinson, G.S. and Scoble, M.J. (1999) [1998]. "The smaller microlepidoptera grade superfamilies", Ch.13., pp. 217–232 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
  • Gaedike, R. (1977). "Revision der nearktischen und neotropischen Epermeniidae (Lepidoptera)". Beiträge zur Entomologia, 27(2): 301-312.
  • Gaedike, R. (1979). "Katalog der Epermeniidae der Welt (Lepidoptera)". Beiträge zur Entomologia, 29: 201-209.
  • Holloway, J.D., Kibby, G and Peggie, D. (1997). The families of Malesian moths and butterflies. Fauna Malesia Handbooks. 455 pp. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden.
  • Robinson, G.S., Tuck, K.R., Shaffer, M. and Cook, K. (1994). The smaller moths of South-East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.

Sources edit

  • Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders, edited by Christopher O'Toole, ISBN 1-55297-612-2, 2002

External links edit

 
Wikispecies has information related to Epermeniidae.
  • Tufts at UKMoths
  • Tree of Life
  • Images at British Leafminers
  • Epermeniidae at UKMoths
  • Epermeniidae at Insects of Britain and Ireland: the families of Lepidoptera
  • Finnish species 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine at Microlepidoptera of Finland - an Overview
  • Savela, Markku. "Epermeniidae". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved April 2, 2018.

March 21, 2024
epermeniidae, fringe, tufted, moths, family, insects, lepidopteran, order, with, about, genera, previously, they, have, been, divided, subfamilies, epermeniinae, ochromolopinae, common, 1990, this, longer, maintained, since, last, group, probably, hierarchical. Epermeniidae or the fringe tufted moths is a family of insects in the lepidopteran order with about 14 genera Previously they have been divided in two subfamilies Epermeniinae and Ochromolopinae e g Common 1990 321 but this is no longer maintained since the last group is probably hierarchically nested within the first Dugdale et al 1999 They are presently placed in their own superfamily but have previously been placed among the Yponomeutoidea or Copromorphoidea with which they share some features Their systematic placement among the apoditrysian group Obtectomera having pupal segments I IV immobile is however uncertain They show some morphological similarities to the plume moths Alucitoidea and Pterophoroidea for example the wing fringe has similar groups of scales Dugdale et al 1999 There are also some similarities to Schreckensteinioidea for example spiny legs and at least in some species an open network cocoon The genus Thambotricha from New Zealand may be the sister group of all other extant members The most important genera are Epermenia Ochromolopis and Gnathifera The group has been extensively revised and catalogued by Dr Reinhard Gaedike e g Gaedike 1977 1979 EpermeniidaeEpermenia illigerellaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder LepidopteraInfraorder HeteroneuraClade EulepidopteraClade DitrysiaClade ApoditrysiaSuperfamily EpermenioideaMinet 1983Family EpermeniidaeSpuler 1910DiversityAbout 83 species Contents 1 Identification 2 Distribution 3 Behaviour 4 Biology 5 Host plants 6 Systematics 7 References 8 Sources 9 External linksIdentification editEpermeniidae are small narrow winged moths having a span of 7 20 mm with conspicuous whorls of bristles on their legs lacking spines on the abdomen unlike some similar moths The smoothly scaled head bears no ocelli or chaetosemata They are most easily confused with Stathmopodinae Oecophoridae which unlike epermeniids have the tarsi of the forelegs and midlegs without the whorls of spines and whose proboscis is scaled at the base 1 The projecting scale tufts on the inner margin of the hindwing is the easiest field character Common 1990 Distribution editEpermeniidae occur worldwide in both temperate and tropical regions and especially in montane areas 2 but are sparsely known from the Afrotropics Gnathifera occurs from Australia to New Caledonia Epermenia ranges from the Palaearctic to Indo Australia and the Pacific islands 3 Behaviour editEpermeniidae are nocturnal as adults and well camouflaged They rest parallel to the surface with their wings held over their back in a tent like manner Robinson et al 1994 Biology editThe caterpillars feed inside almost any plant parts fruits seeds galls leaves or flowers sometimes in a mine or sometimes exposed or under silk on the leaf surface unlike some Lepidoptera the pupa is not extruded from the cocoon 4 and may be found in its fine open network cocoon on the plant or amongst debris on the ground 5 Host plants editMany species in Europe feed on umbels of Apiaceae and Epermenia chaerophyllella is a pest of cultivated species 6 Other species feed on the parasitic plant families Santalaceae e g the Australian quandong moth and Loranthaceae or on Pinaceae Pittosporaceae and Leguminosae 7 Systematics editAfricepermenia Gaedike 2004 Agiton Turner 1926 Epermenia Hubner 1825 Acanthedra Meyrick 1917 Calotripis Hubner 1825 Chauliodus Treitschke 1833 Epermeniola Gaedike 1968 Lophonotus Stephens 1829 Tichotripis Hubner 1825 Epimarptis Meyrick 1914 Temeluchella T B Fletcher 1940 Temelucha Meyrick 1909 Cataplectica Walsingham 1894 Heydenia Hofmann 1868 Gnathifera Gaedike 1978 Inuncus Gaedike 2013 Lasiostega Meyrick 1932 Mesepermenia Gaedike 2004 Notodryas Meyrick 1897 Ochromolopis Hubner 1825 Parochromolopis Gaedike 1977 Paraepermenia Gaedike 1968 Phaulernis Meyrick 1895 Picrodoxa Meyrick 1923 Sinicaepermenia Heppner 1990 Thambotricha Meyrick 1922References edit Robinson et al 1994 Robinson et al 1994 Holloway et al 2001 Robinson et al 1994 Common 1990 Dugdale et al 1999 Search Results Family Epermeniidae HOSTS a Database of the World s Lepidopteran Hostplants Natural History Museum London Retrieved April 2 2018 Common I F B 1990 Moths of Australia Brill Academic Publishers Leiden 535 pages Dugdale J S Kristensen N P Robinson G S and Scoble M J 1999 1998 The smaller microlepidoptera grade superfamilies Ch 13 pp 217 232 in Kristensen N P Ed Lepidoptera Moths and Butterflies Volume 1 Evolution Systematics and Biogeography Handbuch der Zoologie Eine Naturgeschichte der Stamme des Tierreiches Handbook of Zoology A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom Band Volume IV Arthropoda Insecta Teilband Part 35 491 pp Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York Gaedike R 1977 Revision der nearktischen und neotropischen Epermeniidae Lepidoptera Beitrage zur Entomologia 27 2 301 312 Gaedike R 1979 Katalog der Epermeniidae der Welt Lepidoptera Beitrage zur Entomologia 29 201 209 Holloway J D Kibby G and Peggie D 1997 The families of Malesian moths and butterflies Fauna Malesia Handbooks 455 pp Brill Academic Publishers Leiden Robinson G S Tuck K R Shaffer M and Cook K 1994 The smaller moths of South East Asia Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur Sources editFirefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders edited by Christopher O Toole ISBN 1 55297 612 2 2002External links edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Epermeniidae Tufts at UKMoths Tree of Life Images at British Leafminers Epermeniidae at UKMoths Epermeniidae at Insects of Britain and Ireland the families of Lepidoptera Finnish species Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine at Microlepidoptera of Finland an Overview Savela Markku Epermeniidae Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Retrieved April 2 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Epermeniidae amp oldid 1213151038, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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