An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with and/or advocates for the protection of the environment. An environmentalist can be considered a supporter of the goals of the environmental movement, "a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities".[1] An environmentalist is engaged in or believes in the philosophy of environmentalism or one of the related philosophies.
The environmental movement has a number of subcommunities, with different approaches and focuses – each developing distinct movements and identities. Environmentalists are sometimes referred to by critics with informal or derogatory terms such as "greenie" and "tree-hugger",[2] with some members of the public associating the most radical environmentalists with these derogatory terms.[3]
The environmental movement contains a number of subcommunities, that have developed with different approaches and philosophies in different parts of the world. Notably, the early environmental movement experienced a deep tension between the philosophies of conservation and broader environmental protection.[3] In recent decades the rise to prominence of environmental justice, indigenous rights and key environmental crises like the climate crises, has led to the development of other environmentalist identities. Environmentalists can be describe as one of the following:
One notable strain of environmentalism, comes from the philosophy of the conservation movement. Conservationists are concerned with leaving the environment in a better state than the condition they found it distinct from human interaction.[6][7] The conservation movement is associated with the early parts of the environmental movement of the 19th and 20th century.[8]
Environmental defenders or environmental human rights defenders are individuals or collectives who protect the environment from harms resulting from resource extraction, hazardous waste disposal, infrastructure projects, land appropriation, or other dangers. In 2019, the UN Human Rights Council unanimously recognised their importance to environmental protection.[9] The term environmental defender is broadly applied to a diverse range of environmental groups and leaders from different cultures that all employ different tactics and hold different agendas. Use of the term is contested, as it homogenizes such a wide range of groups and campaigns, many of whom do not self-identify with the term and may not have explicit aims to protect the environment (being motivated primarily by social justice concerns).[10]
Environmental defenders involved in environmental conflicts face a wide range of threats from governments, local elites, and other powers that benefit from projects that defenders oppose. Global Witness reported 1,922 murders of environmental defenders in 57 countries between 2002 and 2019, with indigenous people accounting for approximately one third of this total. Documentation of this violence is incomplete. The UN Special Rapporteur on human rights reported that as many as one hundred environmental defenders are intimidated, arrested or otherwise harassed for every one that is killed.[11]
The adoption of environmentalist into a distinct political ideology led to the development of political parties called "green parties", typically with a leftist political approach to overlapping issues of environmental and social wellbeing.
Water protectors are similar to land defenders, but are distinguished from other environmental activists by this philosophy and approach that is rooted in an indigenous cultural perspective that sees water and the land as sacred.[14][15] This relationship with water moves beyond simply having access to clean drinking water, and comes from the beliefs that water is necessary for life and that water is a relative and therefore it must be treated with respect.[16] As such, the reasons for protection of water are older, more holistic, and integrated into a larger cultural and spiritual whole than in most modern forms of environmental activism, which may be more based in seeing water and other extractive resources as commodities.[17][18]
Historically, water protectors have been led by or composed of women, because as water provides life, so do women.[19]
In recent years, there are not only environmentalists for natural environment but also environmentalists for human environment. For instance, the activists who call for "mental green space" by getting rid of disadvantages of internet, cable TV, and smartphones have been called "info-environmentalists".[22]
See also
Nancy Pelosi meets with the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize recipients – six individuals who have made a profound impact in their communities and throughout the world by fighting for environmental justice.
^Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson, ed. (2005). Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd revised ed.). Oxford University klkPress. ISBN978-0-19-861057-1.
^ abTesch, Danielle; Kempton, Willett (2004-01-01). "Who is an Environmentalist? The Polysemy of Environmentalist Terms and Correlated Environmental Actions". Journal of Ecological Anthropology. 8 (1): 67–83. doi:10.5038/2162-4593.8.1.4. ISSN 1528-6509.
^Yeo, Sophie. "How the largest environmental movement in history was born". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
^Marris, Emma (2019-09-18). "Why young climate activists have captured the world's attention". Nature. 573 (7775): 471–472. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..471M. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02696-0. PMID 31551545. S2CID 202749176.
^Harding, Russ. "Conservationist or Environmentalist?". Mackinac Center for Public Policy. from the original on 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
^Dunlap, Thomas R. (1980). "Conservationists and Environmentalists: An Attempt at Definition". Environmental Review: ER. 4 (1): 29–31. doi:10.2307/3984106. ISSN 0147-2496. JSTOR 3984106. S2CID 156539998.
^Harding, Russ. "Conservationist or Environmentalist?". Mackinac Center. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
^Scheidel, Arnim (July 2020). "Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview". Global Environmental Change. 63: 102104. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104. PMC7418451. PMID 32801483.
^Verweijen, Judith (2021). "'Environmental defenders': the power / disempowerment of a loaded term" (PDF). In Menton, Mary (ed.). Environmental and Land Defenders: Deadly Struggles for Life and Territory. New York: Routledge. pp. 37–49. doi:10.4324/9781003127222-6. ISBN9781003127222. S2CID 242629985.
^Peter Bille Larsen; Philippe Le Billon; Mary Menton; José Aylwin; Jörg Balsiger; David Boyd; Michel Forst; Fran Lambrick; Claudelice Santos; Hannah Storey; Susan Wilding (2021). "Understanding and responding to the environmental human rights defenders crisis: The case for conservation action". Conservation Letters. 14 (3). doi:10.1111/conl.12777. S2CID 229390470.
^Today, Indian Country. "LaDonna Brave Bull Allard 'changed history'". Indian Country Today. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
^LeQuesne, Theo (2019-04-03). "Petro-hegemony and the matrix of resistance: What can Standing Rock's Water Protectors teach us about organizing for climate justice in the United States?". Environmental Sociology. 5 (2): 188–206. doi:10.1080/23251042.2018.1541953. S2CID 158080836.
^"Standing Rock activists: Don't call us protesters. We're water protectors". Public Radio International. Retrieved 2019-01-10.
^Gilio-Whitaker, Dina (2017-03-06). "What Environmental Justice Means in Indian Country". KCET. Retrieved 2021-12-10.
^Jewett, Chas; Garavan, Mark (2018-12-20). "Water is Life- an Indigenous Perspective from a Standing Rock Water Protector". Community Development Journal. 54: 42–58. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsy062.
^"Grandmother Josephine Mandamin, a 69 Year Old Who Walked Around the Great Lakes, Talks About the Water Docs International Festival - Shedoesthecity". Shedoesthecity. 2013-03-22. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
^Dennis, Mary Kate; Bell, Finn McLafferty (2021-02-16). "Indigenous Women, Water Protectors, and Reciprocal Responsibilities". Social Work. 65 (4): 378–386. doi:10.1093/sw/swaa033. ISSN 0037-8046. PMID 33020844.
^Brinkley, Douglas (2009). The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America. Harper Collins. ISBN9780060565282.
^Jung, Jieun; Petkanic, Peter; Nan, Dongyan; Kim, Jang Hyun (2020-03-30). "When a Girl Awakened the World: A User and Social Message Analysis of Greta Thunberg". Sustainability. 12 (7): 2707. doi:10.3390/su12072707. ISSN 2071-1050.
^"E-serenity, now!". Christian Science Monitor. 2004-05-10. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
^"Environmentalism | Learning to Give". www.learningtogive.org. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Environmentalists.
environmentalist, political, website, environmentalist, person, concerned, with, advocates, protection, environment, environmentalist, considered, supporter, goals, environmental, movement, political, ethical, movement, that, seeks, improve, protect, quality, . For the political website see The Environmentalist An environmentalist is a person who is concerned with and or advocates for the protection of the environment An environmentalist can be considered a supporter of the goals of the environmental movement a political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities 1 An environmentalist is engaged in or believes in the philosophy of environmentalism or one of the related philosophies Dominique Voynet 2008 John Muir The environmental movement has a number of subcommunities with different approaches and focuses each developing distinct movements and identities Environmentalists are sometimes referred to by critics with informal or derogatory terms such as greenie and tree hugger 2 with some members of the public associating the most radical environmentalists with these derogatory terms 3 Contents 1 Types 1 1 Climate activists 1 2 Conservationists 1 3 Environmental defenders 1 4 Greens 1 5 Water protectors 2 Notable environmentalists 3 Extension 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksTypes EditThe environmental movement contains a number of subcommunities that have developed with different approaches and philosophies in different parts of the world Notably the early environmental movement experienced a deep tension between the philosophies of conservation and broader environmental protection 3 In recent decades the rise to prominence of environmental justice indigenous rights and key environmental crises like the climate crises has led to the development of other environmentalist identities Environmentalists can be describe as one of the following Climate activists Edit Main article Climate movementThe public recognition of the climate crisis and emergence of the climate movement in the beginning of the 21st century led to a distinct group of activists Activations like the School Strike for Climate and Fridays for Future have led to a new generation of youth activists like Greta Thunberg Jamie Margolin and Vanessa Nakate who have created a global youth climate movement 4 5 Conservationists Edit One notable strain of environmentalism comes from the philosophy of the conservation movement Conservationists are concerned with leaving the environment in a better state than the condition they found it distinct from human interaction 6 7 The conservation movement is associated with the early parts of the environmental movement of the 19th and 20th century 8 Environmental defenders Edit This section is an excerpt from Environmental defender edit Environmental defenders or environmental human rights defenders are individuals or collectives who protect the environment from harms resulting from resource extraction hazardous waste disposal infrastructure projects land appropriation or other dangers In 2019 the UN Human Rights Council unanimously recognised their importance to environmental protection 9 The term environmental defender is broadly applied to a diverse range of environmental groups and leaders from different cultures that all employ different tactics and hold different agendas Use of the term is contested as it homogenizes such a wide range of groups and campaigns many of whom do not self identify with the term and may not have explicit aims to protect the environment being motivated primarily by social justice concerns 10 Environmental defenders involved in environmental conflicts face a wide range of threats from governments local elites and other powers that benefit from projects that defenders oppose Global Witness reported 1 922 murders of environmental defenders in 57 countries between 2002 and 2019 with indigenous people accounting for approximately one third of this total Documentation of this violence is incomplete The UN Special Rapporteur on human rights reported that as many as one hundred environmental defenders are intimidated arrested or otherwise harassed for every one that is killed 11 Greens Edit Main article Green politics The adoption of environmentalist into a distinct political ideology led to the development of political parties called green parties typically with a leftist political approach to overlapping issues of environmental and social wellbeing Water protectors Edit This section is an excerpt from Water protectors edit Oceti Sakowin encampment at the Dakota Access Pipeline protests camps in North Dakota Water protectors marching in Seattle source source source source source source source source source source source source source source Members of the Light Brigade asserting their role as Protectors of the waters during the Dakota Access Pipeline protests Water protectors are activists organizers and cultural workers focused on the defense of the world s water and water systems The water protector name analysis and style of activism arose from Indigenous communities in North America during the Dakota Access Pipeline protests at the Standing Rock Reservation which began with an encampment on LaDonna Brave Bull Allard s land in April 2016 12 13 Water protectors are similar to land defenders but are distinguished from other environmental activists by this philosophy and approach that is rooted in an indigenous cultural perspective that sees water and the land as sacred 14 15 This relationship with water moves beyond simply having access to clean drinking water and comes from the beliefs that water is necessary for life and that water is a relative and therefore it must be treated with respect 16 As such the reasons for protection of water are older more holistic and integrated into a larger cultural and spiritual whole than in most modern forms of environmental activism which may be more based in seeing water and other extractive resources as commodities 17 18 Historically water protectors have been led by or composed of women because as water provides life so do women 19 Notable environmentalists Edit Sir David Attenborough in May 2003 Peter Garrett campaigning for the 2004 Australian federal election Al Gore 2007 Hunter Lovins 2007 Sergio Rossetti Morosini 2017 Phil Radford 2011 Hakob Sanasaryan campaignning against illegal construction of a new ore processing facility in Sotk 2011 Greta Thunberg 2018 Kevin Buzzacott Aboriginal activist in Adelaide 2014 Some of the notable environmentalists who have been active in lobbying for environmental protection and conservation include Edward Abbey writer activist philosopher Ansel Adams photographer writer activist Bayarjargal Agvaantseren Mongolian conservationist Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad environmental activist and economist of Bangladesh David Attenborough broadcaster naturalist John James Audubon naturalist Sundarlal Bahuguna environmentalist Seyyed Hossein Nasr writer philosopher Vic Barrett climate activist Patriarch Bartholomew I priest David Bellamy botanist Ng Cho nam Hong Kong environmentalist and Associate Professor of Geography at University of Hong Kong Thomas Berry priest historian philosopher Wendell Berry farmer philosopher Chandi Prasad Bhatt Gandhian environmentalist Murray Bookchin anarchist philosopher social ecologist Wendy Bowman Australian environmental activist Stewart Brand writer founder of Whole Earth Catalog David Brower writer activist Molly Burhans cartographer activist Tahir Qureshi Mangrove Man or Mangroves Hero of Pakistan Pakistani environmentalist Lester Brown environmentalist Kevin Buzzacott Aboriginal activist Michelle Dilhara actress Helen Caldicott medical doctor Joan Carling Filipino human rights defender Rachel Carson biologist writer Charles III King of the Commonwealth Realms Chevy Chase comedian Barry Commoner biologist politician Mike Cooley engineer trade unionist Jacques Yves Cousteau explorer ecologist Faiza Darkhani c 1992 Afghani environmentalist women s rights activist and educator John Denver musician Leonardo DiCaprio actor Rene Dubos microbiologist Paul R Ehrlich population biologist Hans Josef Fell German Green Party member Jane Fonda actor Rolf Gardiner rural revivalist Peter Garrett musician politician Al Gore politician former Vice President of the United States Tom Hanks actor James Hansen scientist Denis Hayes environmentalist and solar power advocate Nicolas Hulot journalist and writer Robert Hunter journalist co founder and first president of Greenpeace Tetsunari Iida sustainable energy advocate Jorian Jenks English farmer Kathy Jetn il Kijiner poet and climate activist Naomi Klein writer activist Winona LaDuke environmentalist A Carl Leopold plant physiologist Aldo Leopold ecologist Charles Lindbergh aviator James Lovelock scientist Amory Lovins energy policy analyst Hunter Lovins environmentalist Mark Lynas journalist activist Desmond Majekodunmi environmentalist Xiuhtezcatl Martinez activist Peter Max graphic designer Michael McCarthy naturalist newspaper journalist newspaper columnist and author Bill McKibben writer activist David McTaggart activist Mahesh Chandra Mehta lawyer environmentalist Chico Mendes activist George Monbiot journalist Sergio Rossetti Morosini naturalist activist John Muir naturalist activist Luke Mullen actor filmmaker environmentalist activist Hilda Murrell botanist activist Ralph Nader activist Gaylord Nelson politician Yolanda Ortiz chemist Argentine environmentalist Eugene Pandala architect environmentalist natural and cultural heritage conservator Medha Patkar activist Alan Pears environmental consultant and energy efficiency pioneer River Phoenix actor musician activist Jonathon Porritt politician Phil Radford environmental clean energy and democracy advocate Greenpeace Executive Director Bonnie Raitt musician Theodore Roosevelt former President of the United States 20 Hakob Sanasaryan biochemist activist Ken Saro Wiwa writer television producer activist Shimon Schwarzschild writer activist Vandana Shiva environmental activist Swami Sundaranand yogi photographer author and mountaineer David Suzuki scientist broadcaster Candice Swanepoel model Shōzō Tanaka politician and activist Saalumarada Thimmakka Henry David Thoreau writer philosopher Greta Thunberg activist 21 Jo Valentine politician and activist Harvey Wasserman journalist activist Paul Watson activist and lecturer Franz Weber environmentalist and animal welfare activist Henry Williamson naturalist writer Wangari Maathai Kenyan environmentalist Nobel Laureate Vanessa Nakate Ugandan youth climate justice activist UN SDG 13 Young Leader Nyombi Morris Ugandan youth environmental activist CNN Environmentalist of tomorrow Yusuf Baluch Climate Justice Activist Extension EditIn recent years there are not only environmentalists for natural environment but also environmentalists for human environment For instance the activists who call for mental green space by getting rid of disadvantages of internet cable TV and smartphones have been called info environmentalists 22 See also Edit Nancy Pelosi meets with the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize recipients six individuals who have made a profound impact in their communities and throughout the world by fighting for environmental justice Environmentalism Global 500 Roll of Honour Grantham Prize for Excellence in Reporting on the Environment Heroes of the Environment Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement Conservationist Conservation movement Conservation ethic Ecology movement Goldman Environmental Prize Green libertarianism Ecofascism Green conservatism List of peace activists List of people associated with renewable energy List of pro nuclear environmentalists Greenpeace 23 School strike for climateReferences Edit environmentalism Ideology History amp Types Encyclopedia Britannica Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson ed 2005 Oxford Dictionary of English 2nd revised ed Oxford University klkPress ISBN 978 0 19 861057 1 a b Tesch Danielle Kempton Willett 2004 01 01 Who is an Environmentalist The Polysemy of Environmentalist Terms and Correlated Environmental Actions Journal of Ecological Anthropology 8 1 67 83 doi 10 5038 2162 4593 8 1 4 ISSN 1528 6509 Yeo Sophie How the largest environmental movement in history was born www bbc com Retrieved 2022 02 18 Marris Emma 2019 09 18 Why young climate activists have captured the world s attention Nature 573 7775 471 472 Bibcode 2019Natur 573 471M doi 10 1038 d41586 019 02696 0 PMID 31551545 S2CID 202749176 Harding Russ Conservationist or Environmentalist Mackinac Center for Public Policy Archived from the original on 2008 12 03 Retrieved 2021 05 02 Dunlap Thomas R 1980 Conservationists and Environmentalists An Attempt at Definition Environmental Review ER 4 1 29 31 doi 10 2307 3984106 ISSN 0147 2496 JSTOR 3984106 S2CID 156539998 Harding Russ Conservationist or Environmentalist Mackinac Center Retrieved 2022 02 18 Scheidel Arnim July 2020 Environmental conflicts and defenders A global overview Global Environmental Change 63 102104 doi 10 1016 j gloenvcha 2020 102104 PMC 7418451 PMID 32801483 Verweijen Judith 2021 Environmental defenders the power disempowerment of a loaded term PDF In Menton Mary ed Environmental and Land Defenders Deadly Struggles for Life and Territory New York Routledge pp 37 49 doi 10 4324 9781003127222 6 ISBN 9781003127222 S2CID 242629985 Peter Bille Larsen Philippe Le Billon Mary Menton Jose Aylwin Jorg Balsiger David Boyd Michel Forst Fran Lambrick Claudelice Santos Hannah Storey Susan Wilding 2021 Understanding and responding to the environmental human rights defenders crisis The case for conservation action Conservation Letters 14 3 doi 10 1111 conl 12777 S2CID 229390470 Today Indian Country LaDonna Brave Bull Allard changed history Indian Country Today Retrieved 2021 04 15 LeQuesne Theo 2019 04 03 Petro hegemony and the matrix of resistance What can Standing Rock s Water Protectors teach us about organizing for climate justice in the United States Environmental Sociology 5 2 188 206 doi 10 1080 23251042 2018 1541953 S2CID 158080836 Standing Rock activists Don t call us protesters We re water protectors Public Radio International Retrieved 2019 01 10 Gilio Whitaker Dina 2017 03 06 What Environmental Justice Means in Indian Country KCET Retrieved 2021 12 10 Jewett Chas Garavan Mark 2018 12 20 Water is Life an Indigenous Perspective from a Standing Rock Water Protector Community Development Journal 54 42 58 doi 10 1093 cdj bsy062 Grandmother Josephine Mandamin a 69 Year Old Who Walked Around the Great Lakes Talks About the Water Docs International Festival Shedoesthecity Shedoesthecity 2013 03 22 Retrieved 2017 10 18 Whyte Kyle Powys 2013 Justice Forward Tribes Climate Adaptation and Responsibility Climatic Change 120 3 117 130 Bibcode 2013ClCh 120 517W doi 10 1007 s10584 013 0743 2 S2CID 149453106 Dennis Mary Kate Bell Finn McLafferty 2021 02 16 Indigenous Women Water Protectors and Reciprocal Responsibilities Social Work 65 4 378 386 doi 10 1093 sw swaa033 ISSN 0037 8046 PMID 33020844 Brinkley Douglas 2009 The Wilderness Warrior Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America Harper Collins ISBN 9780060565282 Jung Jieun Petkanic Peter Nan Dongyan Kim Jang Hyun 2020 03 30 When a Girl Awakened the World A User and Social Message Analysis of Greta Thunberg Sustainability 12 7 2707 doi 10 3390 su12072707 ISSN 2071 1050 E serenity now Christian Science Monitor 2004 05 10 ISSN 0882 7729 Retrieved 2018 09 27 Environmentalism Learning to Give www learningtogive org Retrieved 2020 10 16 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Environmentalists The Environmentalist News blog by Greenpeace Portals Politics Environment Society Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Environmentalist amp oldid 1136125839, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
