This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (October 2011) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Empress Li Fengniang (1144 – 16 July 1200) was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Guangzong of Song. She is known as the de facto ruler of the Song dynasty Empire during the reign of her spouse.[1]
Empress Li was born as Fengniang, daughter of general Li Dao, a military commissioner from Anyang. According to legend, a Daoist priest and matchmaker one day predicted that she was destined to be the mother of the people.[2] After having made the prediction, the priest asked for an audience with the emperor, and successfully negotiated for her to be accepted as consort of the emperor's grandson Zhao Dun, the future Emperor Guangzong.[3]
As Crown Princess
Li was accepted as the consort of Prince Dun, and became Crown Princess when her spouse was elevated to the position of heir to the throne in 1170. Crown Princess Li was described as dominant and independent minded. She complained of the concubines of her husband to the retired Emperor Gaozong as well as to her father-in-law Emperor Xiaozong who became displeased with her and asked her to act in a more submissive way, such as the Empress Dowager Wu.[4] Li refused to submit, however, and there are several stories illustrating how she came to dominate her husband.[5]
As Empress Consort
In 1189, her spouse succeeded to the throne as Emperor Guangzong of Song. Empress Li Fengniang became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd, and for ruling the state through her husband, who became known a "henpecked weakling" dominated by his wife.[6] During his reign, it was the Empress who de facto ruled the Song Empire.[7] There is a legend to how this occurred. In 1191, Empress Li allegedly had the emperor's favorite concubine consort Huang killed, which caused the Emperor to react so badly that he became sick and bedridden, leaving the empress to handle the affairs of state by herself.[8]
Empress Li reportedly attempted to keep the emperor and his father separate, and often stopped the emperor from seeing his father.[9] On one occasion, at the sickbed of the emperor, her father-in-law threatened to have her executed for not taking proper care of the monarch.[10] When her spouse recovered, she told him about the threat, and also that she suspected that the medicine his father had left him was poisoned.[11] This is given as the reason to why Emperor Guangzong did not visit his own father's funeral in 1194, which was blamed on Empress Li and led the Empress Dowager Wu to force Guangzong to abdicate.[12]
As Retired Empress
After the abdication of her spouse, she was called "The Empress of the Retired Emperor". In 1197, she caused a last scandal by refusing to attend the funeral of Empress Dowager Wu.[13]
Notes
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
^Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644.
fengniang, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, chinese, october, 2011, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations, tr. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese October 2011 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at zh 慈懿皇后 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated zh 慈懿皇后 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Empress Li Fengniang 1144 16 July 1200 was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty married to Emperor Guangzong of Song She is known as the de facto ruler of the Song dynasty Empire during the reign of her spouse 1 Empress Cixian 慈懿皇后Empress of the Southern Song DynastyReign18 February 1189 24 July 1194PredecessorEmpress ChengsuSuccessorEmpress GongshuEmpress Dowager of the Southern Song DynastyReign24 July 1194 16 July 1200Born1144Died16 July 1200 aged c 56 Lin an Zhejiang ChinaSpouseEmperor GuangzongIssueZhao KuoPosthumous nameEmpress Cixian 慈懿皇后FatherLi DaoMotherLady Zhang Contents 1 Life 2 As Crown Princess 3 As Empress Consort 4 As Retired Empress 5 NotesLife EditEmpress Li was born as Fengniang daughter of general Li Dao a military commissioner from Anyang According to legend a Daoist priest and matchmaker one day predicted that she was destined to be the mother of the people 2 After having made the prediction the priest asked for an audience with the emperor and successfully negotiated for her to be accepted as consort of the emperor s grandson Zhao Dun the future Emperor Guangzong 3 As Crown Princess EditLi was accepted as the consort of Prince Dun and became Crown Princess when her spouse was elevated to the position of heir to the throne in 1170 Crown Princess Li was described as dominant and independent minded She complained of the concubines of her husband to the retired Emperor Gaozong as well as to her father in law Emperor Xiaozong who became displeased with her and asked her to act in a more submissive way such as the Empress Dowager Wu 4 Li refused to submit however and there are several stories illustrating how she came to dominate her husband 5 As Empress Consort EditIn 1189 her spouse succeeded to the throne as Emperor Guangzong of Song Empress Li Fengniang became notorious in Chinese history for being ruthless and shrewd and for ruling the state through her husband who became known a henpecked weakling dominated by his wife 6 During his reign it was the Empress who de facto ruled the Song Empire 7 There is a legend to how this occurred In 1191 Empress Li allegedly had the emperor s favorite concubine consort Huang killed which caused the Emperor to react so badly that he became sick and bedridden leaving the empress to handle the affairs of state by herself 8 Empress Li reportedly attempted to keep the emperor and his father separate and often stopped the emperor from seeing his father 9 On one occasion at the sickbed of the emperor her father in law threatened to have her executed for not taking proper care of the monarch 10 When her spouse recovered she told him about the threat and also that she suspected that the medicine his father had left him was poisoned 11 This is given as the reason to why Emperor Guangzong did not visit his own father s funeral in 1194 which was blamed on Empress Li and led the Empress Dowager Wu to force Guangzong to abdicate 12 As Retired Empress EditAfter the abdication of her spouse she was called The Empress of the Retired Emperor In 1197 she caused a last scandal by refusing to attend the funeral of Empress Dowager Wu 13 Notes Edit Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Lily Xiao Hong Lee Sue Wiles Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women Volume II Tang Through Ming 618 1644 Chinese royaltyPreceded byEmpress Chengsu Empress of China1189 1194 Succeeded byEmpress Gongshu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Li Fengniang amp oldid 1135457066, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
