The common reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) is a passerinebird in the bunting family Emberizidae, a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches, Fringillidae. The genus name Emberiza is from Old GermanEmbritz, a bunting. The specific schoeniclus is from Ancient Greekskhoiniklos, a now unknown waterside bird.[3]
It breeds across Europe and much of the Palearctic. Most birds migrate south in winter, but those in the milder south and west of the range are resident. It is common in reedbeds and also breeds in drier open areas such as moorland and cultivation. For example, it is a component of the purple moor grass and rush pastures, a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK. It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe.
The common reed bunting was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Fringilla schoeniclus.[2] This bunting is now placed in the genusEmberiza that Linnaeus had introduced in the same edition of his Systema Naturae.[4][5] The specific epithet schoeniclus is from the Ancient Greekskhoiniklos, a word that was used by Greek authors for an unidentified bird.[6] Linnaeus specified the type locality as Europe but this is now restricted to Sweden.[7] Nineteen subspecies are recognised.[5]
The bird family Emberizidae contains around 300 seed-eating species, the majority of which are found in the Americas, although the genus Emberiza, with more than 40 members, is confined to the Old World.[8] Within its genus, the reed bunting is most closely related to the Japanese reed bunting and the Pallas's reed bunting, which are sometimes classified as being in the genus Schoeniclus.
Subspecies
Nineteen subspecies are recognised, including- E. s. schoeniclus, the nominate subspecies, which occurs in most of Europe, E. s. witherbyi which is found in south Portugal, western Spain, France and Sardinia, E. s. intermedia from Italy and the Adriatic coast to northwest Albania, E. s. reiseri from southeast Albania, northwest Greece, south North Macedonia and west and central Turkey, E. s. caspia from east Turkey and northwest Iran, E. s. korejewi from southwest and eastern Iran and south Turkmenistan, E. s. pyrrhuloides from north Caspian sea region to western Mongolia, southeast Kazakhstan and central Tien Shan, E. s. passerina from northwest Siberia, wintering in south Asia, E. s. parvirostris from central Siberia wintering in northern China, E. s. pyrrhulina from Kamchatka and northern Japan, wintering in central Japan, Korea and eastern China, E. s. pallidior from southwestern Siberia wintering in southwest Asia, E. s. minor from Russian Far East and northeast China, wintering in east China, E. s. ukrainae from Ukraine and adjacent areas of Russia, E. s. incognita from southeastern European Russia to north Kazakhstan and E. s. zaidamensis, endemic to northwest Qinghai, China.
Description
The common reed bunting is a medium-sized bird, 13.5–15.5 cm (5.3–6.1 in) long, with a small but sturdy seed-eater's bill. The male has a black head and throat, white neck collar and underparts, and a heavily streaked brown back. The female is much duller, with a streaked brown head, and is more streaked below. The song of the male is a repetitive srip.
Behaviour
Its natural food consists of insects when feeding young, and otherwise seeds.
Breeding
Breeding normally starts in early April, finishing in late August depending on location and altitude. The species is monogamous. The nest is built using twigs, grass and reeds lined with finer materials such as hair, moss and rootlets in a bush or reed tussock. 4–5 olive-grey eggs are laid, which show the hair-like markings characteristic of those of buntings. The incubation period is 12–15 days where the chicks are fed by both parents.[9]
Status
The reed bunting is not globally threatened and classified as least concern by the IUCN. The estimated European population is at least 4.8 million pairs, with particular strongholds in Sweden, Poland and Norway. However, the reed bunting is reportedly declining in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Germany.
Gallery
Emberiza schoeniclus
A male in winter in England
In natural shore habitat
Female
ID composite
Eggs
Leucistic reed bunting
References
^BirdLife International (2019). "Emberiza schoeniclus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22721012A155430396. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22721012A155430396.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.|date= / |doi= mismatch
^ abLinnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 182.
^Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp. 145, 350. ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
^Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 176.
^ abGill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Buntings". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
^Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 350. ISBN978-1-4081-2501-4.
^Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 13.
^Hoyo, Josep del; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A (eds.). "Emberizidae". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 13 April 2014. (subscription required)
^Copete, J.L; Christie, D.A. "Reed Bunting". Birds of the World. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emberiza schoeniclus.
Emberiza schoeniclus : songs, sonagrams
Stills, Video
Feathers of common reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus)
March 23, 2023
common, reed, bunting, common, reed, bunting, emberiza, schoeniclus, passerine, bird, bunting, family, emberizidae, group, separated, most, modern, authors, from, finches, fringillidae, genus, name, emberiza, from, german, embritz, bunting, specific, schoenicl. The common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae a group now separated by most modern authors from the finches Fringillidae The genus name Emberiza is from Old German Embritz a bunting The specific schoeniclus is from Ancient Greek skhoiniklos a now unknown waterside bird 3 Common reed buntingMaleFemale Both at Otmoor Oxfordshire source source Male bird recorded in Norfolk EnglandConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily EmberizidaeGenus EmberizaSpecies E schoeniclusBinomial nameEmberiza schoeniclus Linnaeus 1758 2 Range of E schoeniclus Breeding Resident Passage Non breedingSynonymsFringilla schoeniclus Linnaeus 1758 Schoeniclus schoeniclus Linnaeus 1758 It breeds across Europe and much of the Palearctic Most birds migrate south in winter but those in the milder south and west of the range are resident It is common in reedbeds and also breeds in drier open areas such as moorland and cultivation For example it is a component of the purple moor grass and rush pastures a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK It occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe Contents 1 Taxonomy 1 1 Subspecies 2 Description 3 Behaviour 3 1 Breeding 4 Status 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy EditThe common reed bunting was described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Fringilla schoeniclus 2 This bunting is now placed in the genus Emberiza that Linnaeus had introduced in the same edition of his Systema Naturae 4 5 The specific epithet schoeniclus is from the Ancient Greek skhoiniklos a word that was used by Greek authors for an unidentified bird 6 Linnaeus specified the type locality as Europe but this is now restricted to Sweden 7 Nineteen subspecies are recognised 5 The bird family Emberizidae contains around 300 seed eating species the majority of which are found in the Americas although the genus Emberiza with more than 40 members is confined to the Old World 8 Within its genus the reed bunting is most closely related to the Japanese reed bunting and the Pallas s reed bunting which are sometimes classified as being in the genus Schoeniclus Subspecies Edit Nineteen subspecies are recognised including E s schoeniclus the nominate subspecies which occurs in most of Europe E s witherbyi which is found in south Portugal western Spain France and Sardinia E s intermedia from Italy and the Adriatic coast to northwest Albania E s reiseri from southeast Albania northwest Greece south North Macedonia and west and central Turkey E s caspia from east Turkey and northwest Iran E s korejewi from southwest and eastern Iran and south Turkmenistan E s pyrrhuloides from north Caspian sea region to western Mongolia southeast Kazakhstan and central Tien Shan E s passerina from northwest Siberia wintering in south Asia E s parvirostris from central Siberia wintering in northern China E s pyrrhulina from Kamchatka and northern Japan wintering in central Japan Korea and eastern China E s pallidior from southwestern Siberia wintering in southwest Asia E s minor from Russian Far East and northeast China wintering in east China E s ukrainae from Ukraine and adjacent areas of Russia E s incognita from southeastern European Russia to north Kazakhstan and E s zaidamensis endemic to northwest Qinghai China Description EditThe common reed bunting is a medium sized bird 13 5 15 5 cm 5 3 6 1 in long with a small but sturdy seed eater s bill The male has a black head and throat white neck collar and underparts and a heavily streaked brown back The female is much duller with a streaked brown head and is more streaked below The song of the male is a repetitive srip Behaviour EditIts natural food consists of insects when feeding young and otherwise seeds Breeding Edit Breeding normally starts in early April finishing in late August depending on location and altitude The species is monogamous The nest is built using twigs grass and reeds lined with finer materials such as hair moss and rootlets in a bush or reed tussock 4 5 olive grey eggs are laid which show the hair like markings characteristic of those of buntings The incubation period is 12 15 days where the chicks are fed by both parents 9 Status EditThe reed bunting is not globally threatened and classified as least concern by the IUCN The estimated European population is at least 4 8 million pairs with particular strongholds in Sweden Poland and Norway However the reed bunting is reportedly declining in Norway Sweden Denmark and Germany Gallery Edit source source source source source source source source source source Emberiza schoeniclus A male in winter in England In natural shore habitat Female ID composite Eggs Leucistic reed buntingReferences Edit BirdLife International 2019 Emberiza schoeniclus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T22721012A155430396 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22721012A155430396 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 date doi mismatch a b Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 182 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London United Kingdom Christopher Helm pp 145 350 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 176 a b Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds 2020 Buntings IOC World Bird List Version 10 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 29 May 2020 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 350 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Paynter Raymond A Jr ed 1970 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 13 Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology p 13 Hoyo Josep del Elliott Andrew Sargatal Jordi Christie David A eds Emberizidae Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions Retrieved 13 April 2014 subscription required Copete J L Christie D A Reed Bunting Birds of the World Retrieved 8 May 2020 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emberiza schoeniclus Emberiza schoeniclus songs sonagrams ARKive Stills Video Ageing and sexing PDF 3 7 MB by Javier Blasco Zumeta and Gerd Michael Heinze Feathers of common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Common reed bunting amp oldid 1130053320, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
