Eleonore Batthyány-Strattmann
Countess Eleonore Batthyány-Strattmann (29 May 1673 – 24 November 1741) was a Viennese court lady. The daughter of Imperial Court Chancellor Count Theodor Heinrich von Strattmann und Peuerbach, she was married to Hungarian nobleman and Ban of Croatia Ádám II Batthyány until his early death in 1703.[1] For more than twenty years after becoming a widow she was Prince Eugene of Savoy confidante, companion and some have suggested Éminence grise. One of the most respected women in 18th century Viennese society, she was known as 'Beautiful Lori'.[2]
Eleonore Batthyány-Strattmann | |
|---|---|
| Countess | |
Portrait of Eleonore Batthyány-Strattmann by an unknown artist | |
| Born | 29 May 1673 Palatinate |
| Died | 24 November 1741 (aged 68) Vienna, Austria |
| Noble family | Strattmann (by birth) Batthyány (by marriage) |
| Spouse(s) | Adam II. Batthyány |
| Issue | |
| Father | Theodor von Strattman |
| Mother | Marie Mechtilde Freiin von Mollard |
Early life and family edit
Countess Eleonore Magdalena Ursula von Strattmann und Peuerbach was born in 1673 in the Palatinate, the daughter of Imperial Minister, Count Theodor Heinrich von Strattmann und Peuerbach and his first wife, Marie Mechtilde von Mollard (d. 1684).[2] The Strattmann were a German noble family from the Duchy of Cleve where Eleonore's father was in the service of the Electorate of Brandenburg. In 1683 the family had moved to Vienna, where Theodor had arranged Emperor Leopold I's third marriage to Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg.[3] In 1685 Theodor von Strattman was raised to the rank of count by Emperor Leopold I and appointed Austrian court chancellor, the functional Habsburg foreign minister. Eleonore had five brothers and two sisters.[3]
Eleonore married Count Adam II. Batthyány (1662–1703) on the 25th November 1692, the Batthyány Family were like many Hungarian aristocrats loyal to the Habsburg dynasty and served in the Habsburg military conflicts against the Ottoman Empire. Count Ádám II Batthyány came from Németújvár in the frontier region of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary, after he had rendered outstanding and valuable military service to Emperor Leopold I, most notably during the Siege of Stuhlweissenberg and the Siege of Buda in 1686 where he fought alongside a young Prince Eugene; in 1693 Adam became Ban of Croatia[4] and was rewarded with the Bóly Estate in the year 1700.[5]
Die schöne Lori edit
After Adam died at a young age on 26 August 1703, Eleonore, who survived her husband for almost 40 years, look after the extensive Batthyány property and took over the guardianship of their two sons Ludwig Ernst (b.1696) and Karl Josef (b.1697).[6] The Stranmann Palace was built by the famous Baroque master builder Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlau, her father's estates, after his death, were merged with those of the Batthyány family.[7] Her residence was Rechnitz Castle, at the time in Hungary, after she sold another Batthyány building in Vienna, the palace at Renngasse 4, to the Bishop of Bamberg.[8] In 1718 she acquired the former Palais Orsini Rosenberg at 2 Schenkenstraße, known today as the Batthyány-Strattmann Palace, close to the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene on Himmelpfortgasse in Vienna.[9]
Very active and respected in Imperial Viennese society, Eleonore Batthyány-Stratmann became one of the most esteemed women at court where she was known as: Die Schöne Lori (The Beautiful Lori) as she was often described as an extremely attractive beauty.[10] Her correspondence characterises Eleonore as a self-confident woman who knew very well what she wanted and who seeks to enhance her knowledge with strength and determination.[11] Eleonore had a brother called Heinrich Stratmann (1662–1707), after his early death he left a widow with the same first name as hers, Eleonore (1677–1738), daughter of the Imperial Field Marshal and Commander Schellart von Obbendorf. This "grande dame" organised elegant soirees and assemblies, as the evening parties were called at the time, in her palace on Schenkenstrasse, today's Bankgasse in Vienna.[12]
Eugene's Egeria edit
Eleonore Batthyány-Strattmann never remarried but was Prince Eugene of Savoy closest companion and some have said mistress.[2] Eugene was, for the last twenty years of his life, a guest at Rechnitz Castle as well as Eleonore's Vienna palace which was very close to his Winter Palace. Eugene and Eleonore met almost every day till his death in 1736. Prince Eugene had known the Strattmann family for years, as he and Eleonore's father, the court chancellor, had, incidentally, arrived in Vienna at the same time in 1683.[12] It is not known precisely when their relationship began, but his acquisition of a property in Hungary after the Battle of Zenta, near Eleonore's Rechnitz Castle, made them neighbours.[13]
Maria Theresa called Eleonore's children "Eugene's codicils".[14] Some Viennese gossips suggested that he was the father of the Countess two sons.[15] In the years immediately following the War of the Spanish Succession Eleonore began to be mentioned regularly in diplomatic correspondence as "Eugene's Egeria",[2] the soulmate of Prince Eugene,[16] and the lady of his heart.[12] When asked if she and the Prince would marry, Countess Batthyány replied: "I love him too well for that, I would rather have a bad reputation that deprive him of his".[17] It has been said that it is through her influence on Eugene that, after the Peace of Passarowitz, Hungary was spared another "coup d'etat",[18] her great influence on Prince Eugene is mentioned by the Duke of Richelieu in his memoirs.[19] Prince Eugene spent his last evening playing cards with the Countess, he died on 21 April 1736. Countess Batthyány-Strattmann lived the rest of her life quietly in Vienna, she died on 24 November 1741.[3]
Issue edit
Ádám II and Eleonore had two children: Ludwig (Lajos) and Karl Josef (Károly József)
- Ludwig Ernst Batthyány (1696–1765), Hungarian Court Chancellor and Palatine of Hungary. Married to Theresia Countess Kinsky von Wchinitz and Tettau.[20]
- Karl Josef Batthyány (1697–1772), Field marshal, Ban of Croatia and Chief Chamberlain. He took part in the campaign against the Ottoman Empire under Prince Eugene. Empress Maria Theresa elevated him to the rank of prince (imperial title) on 3 January 1764.[21] Married to Maria Anna Barbara von Waldstein, then to Maria Theresa Countess von Strattmann, and finally to Maria Antonia Nemetujvari Countess Batthyány.[21]
In 1755, 14 years after her death, her sons Ludwig Ernst and Carl Joseph obtained the imperial concession to pass on the hyphenated double surname (Doppelname) Batthyány-Strattmann to their descendants, in consideration of their mother's dominant role in their inheritance.[8]
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ Austrian Literature.
- ^ a b c d Henderson 1964, p. 240.
- ^ a b c Krauss 2003, p. 67.
- ^ Eterovich & Spalatin 1970, p. 123.
- ^ Sabin 1999, p. 220.
- ^ Almanach de Gotha 1849, p. 89.
- ^ Batthyány-Strattmann 2020.
- ^ a b Leeb et al. 2016, p. 53.
- ^ Macek, Macek & Österreichischer Archäologie-Bund 2007, p. 195.
- ^ Bermann 1851, p. 110.
- ^ Krauss 2003, p. 23.
- ^ a b c Egghardt 2013, p. 102.
- ^ Henderson 1964, p. 239.
- ^ The Edinburgh Review Or Critical Journal Vol. Cxvi 1862, p. 546.
- ^ Haggard 1906, p. 81.
- ^ von Reden & Schweikhardt 1993, p. 26.
- ^ de Ligne & Mudford 1811, p. 249.
- ^ Littell, Littell & Making of America Project 1877, p. 410.
- ^ Vehse & Demmler 1856, p. 134.
- ^ Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas 1.
- ^ a b Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas 2.
Sources edit
- Almanach de Gotha (in French). J. Perthes. 1849.
- "ALO docView – 39 Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Ă–sterreich (1879)". Austrian Literature.
- "Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas". Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas. Batthyány, Count Károly József (in German).
- "Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas". Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas. Batthyány, Count Lajos (in German).
- Haggard, A. (1906). The Real Louis, the Fifteenth. Hutchinson & Company.
- Bermann, M. (1851). Oesterreichisches biographisches Lexikon. Austrian biographical lexicon (in German). Bermann.
- de Ligne, C.J.; Mudford, W. (1811). Memoirs of Prince Eugene, of Savoy. Translated from the French by William Mudford. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones.
- Egghardt, H. (2013). Prinz Eugen: Der Philosoph in Kriegsrüstung (in German). Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau. ISBN 978-3-218-00891-4.
- Eterovich, F.H.; Spalatin, C. (1970). Croatia: Land, People, Culture Volume II. Heritage (in German). University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-4875-9677-4.
- Henderson, N. (1964). Prince Eugen of Savoy, a Biography. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9781842125977.
- "History of the Batthyánys". Batthyány-Strattmann (in German). 2020-03-16.
- Krauss, K.P. (2003). Deutsche Auswanderer in Ungarn: Ansiedlung in der Herrschaft Bóly im 18. Jahrhundert [German emigrants in Hungary]. Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-08221-1.
- Leeb, F.; Boeckl, M.; Lenz, G.; Mittermair, M.; Oláh, S. (2016). Palais Batthyány-Strattmann, Palais Trauttmansdorff: Two Viennese Palaces – Past and Present. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-3-0356-1054-3.
- Littell, E.; Littell, R.S.; Making of America Project (1877). Living Age ... Littell, Son and Company.
- Macek, B.A.; Macek, M.; Österreichischer Archäologie-Bund (2007). Feldmarschall-Leutnant Franz von Holbein-Holbeinsberg. Historica – Austria (in German). ÖAB. ISBN 978-3-901515-11-8.
- Sabin, A.J. (1999). Red Scare in Court. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0-8122-1704-9.
- The Edinburgh Review Or Critical Journal Vol. Cxvi (in Polish). 1862.
- Vehse, C.E.; Demmler, F.K.F. (1856). Memoirs of the Court, Aristocracy, and Diplomacy of Austria. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
- von Reden, A.S.; Schweikhardt, J. (1993). Eros unterm Doppeladler: eine Sittengeschichte Altösterreichs (in German). Ueberreuter. ISBN 978-3-8000-3495-6.
External links edit
- Batthyány's family website
- Directory of the Batthyány family with biographical data
Media related to Eleonore Batthyány-Strattmann at Wikimedia Commons