El Rio, California
El Rio (/ɛl ˈriːoʊ/ ⓘ; Spanish: El Río, meaning "The River") is a small, rural[5] unincorporated town in Ventura County, California, United States, on the northeast side of the 101 Freeway and Oxnard, and south of the Santa Clara River. The town was founded in 1875 and named New Jerusalem by the owner of general store who became the first postmaster in 1882.[5] In 1885, a school and Santa Clara Catholic Church were built. Located near where the coastal railroad line crosses the Santa Clara River, the town's name was changed to El Rio around 1900. The former wagon river crossing route became the Ventura Freeway which separates the community from the commercial developments that grew up on the southwest side of the freeway. That portion of the historic community and sections closer to the river have been annexed to the city of Oxnard. Vineyard Avenue (State Route 232) is the central business district for the largely residential community.
El Rio, California | |
|---|---|
Roger Jones Community Center | |
Location in Ventura County and the state of California | |
| Coordinates: 34°14′21″N 119°9′32″W / 34.23917°N 119.15889°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Ventura |
| Town founded | 1875 |
| Government | |
| • State Senator | Monique Limón (D)[1] |
| • CA Assembly | Steve Bennett (D)[1] |
| • U. S. Rep. | Julia Brownley (D)[2] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2.024 sq mi (5.242 km2) |
| • Land | 2.024 sq mi (5.242 km2) |
| • Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2) 0% |
| Elevation | 92 ft (28 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 7,198 |
| • Density | 3,600/sq mi (1,400/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | |
| Area code | 805 |
| FIPS code | 06-22370 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 1652703, 2408061 |
The population was 7,198 at the 2010 census, up from 6,193 at the time the 2000 census was enumerated. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined a portion of the unincorporated area as El Rio census-designated place (CDP) which does not precisely correspond to the historical community that is much larger with significant portions having been annexed to the city of Oxnard.
Etymology edit
El Rio was first named New Jerusalem by Simon Cohn in 1875. The post office later changed its name to El Rio in 1895, which is the Spanish translation for “the river”.[5]
History edit
Early inhabitants of the area were the Chumash, a Native American tribe who continue to inhabit the area.[6]: 4.12-1 The Chumash region extends from Point Conception to Santa Monica and back into the foothills as far as the Coast Range. One of their largest settlements was at nearby Saticoy, because of the bubbling springs that were found there.
On May 6, 1837, Juan M. Sanchez (1791–1873), a former Santa Barbara Presidio soldier, was granted the Rancho Santa Clara del Norte,[7] which contained 13,989 acres (57 km2) of land extending from the Santa Clara River south to the northern boundary of present-day Camarillo, and from the present day 101 Freeway east to the west end of South Mountain.[8] Sanchez and his wife, Ines Guevara de Sanchez (1794–1862), had their adobe home built below the western slope of South Mountain, within a heavy group of eucalyptus trees at the east end of present-day Rose Avenue, an avenue that was lined on both sides with tall eucalyptus trees.
The town was founded in 1875 and named New Jerusalem, California, by Simon Cohn (1852–1936),[9] a Prussian Jewish merchant who built a general store at the location.[10] The U.S. Post Office Department established New Jerusalem Post Office on July 26, 1882, and Cohn was appointed the first postmaster. The first one-room schoolhouse was opened in 1885.[11] Santa Clara Catholic Church was founded the same year though services has been conducted since 1877.[12] It was the first Catholic church to be built in Ventura County since the founding of Mission San Buenaventura 95 years earlier.[13]
Octaviano and Rosaria Moraga were early settlers who first came to county in the 1870s from Sonora, Mexico. Octaviano worked as the barkeeper at the New Parian Hotel in Ventura, and ran a boarding house they owned in Ventura. They eventually were able to buy land in New Jerusalem where Octaviano ran a livery stable. He also drove a two-horse stage between Port Hueneme and the Montalvo train station. His descendants were part of the El Rio community up into the 21st century.[14]
On February 14, 1895, the postal authority changed the name of the town to Jerusalem.[15] Four months later, they changed it to Elrio (one word.) In 1905, they changed it to El Rio, two words, which means in Spanish "The River,"[16] referring to the nearby Santa Clara or to El Rio de Santa Clara o La Colonia. The town was at a crossroads on the boundary of two ranchos (El Rio de Santa Clara o La Colonia and Rancho Santa Clara del Norte).[6]: 4.12-3
The El Rio Post Office was discontinued on October 31, 1911. It was reestablished in 1953.[17] Until Rio Mesa High School was built on Central Avenue northeast of El Rio and opened in 1965,[18] El Rio students were bused to Oxnard High School and later to Camarillo High School in Camarillo. The post office was discontinued again in 1966.[19]
Geography edit
According to the United States Census Bureau, the census-designated place (CDP) has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
East and southeast of town, within the adjoining agricultural area, is the Santa Clara Avenue Oil Field.
It has an average elevation of 80 feet.[5]
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Decennial Census[20] | |||
El Rio has the highest percentage of manufacturing workers in Ventura County: 34% of residents have jobs within the manufacturing industries.[21]
2010 edit
The 2010 United States Census[22] reported that El Rio had a population of 7,198. The population density was 3,556.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,373.2/km2). The racial makeup of El Rio was 3,495 (48.6%) White, 58 (0.8%) African American, 201 (2.8%) Native American, 73 (1.0%) Asian, 24 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 3,027 (42.1%) from other races, and 320 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,188 persons (86.0%).
The Census reported that 7,190 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 8 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 1,629 households, out of which 904 (55.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 940 (57.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 284 (17.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 164 (10.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 102 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 14 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 181 households (11.1%) were made up of individuals, and 79 (4.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.41. There were 1,388 families (85.2% of all households); the average family size was 4.47.
The population was spread out, with 2,157 people (30.0%) under the age of 18, 930 people (12.9%) aged 18 to 24, 2,028 people (28.2%) aged 25 to 44, 1,421 people (19.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 662 people (9.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.0 males.
There were 1,700 housing units at an average density of 840.0 per square mile (324.3/km2), of which 981 (60.2%) were owner-occupied, and 648 (39.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.8%. 4,223 people (58.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,967 people (41.2%) lived in rental housing units.
2000 edit
As of the census of 2000,[23] there were 6,193 people, 1,467 households, and 1,273 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,961.2 people per square mile (1,532.8/km2). There were 1,491 housing units at an average density of 953.7 per square mile (369.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 47.60% White, 1.26% African American, 2.52% Native American, 1.39% Asian, 0.34% Pacific Islander, 42.48% from other races, and 4.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 77.36% of the population.
There were 1,467 households, out of which 45.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.7% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.2% were non-families. 10.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.22 and the average family size was 4.31.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 33.0% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.7 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $50,273, and the median income for a family was $56,339. Males had a median income of $35,041 versus $22,254 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $14,898. About 9.4% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.2% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture edit
The Albert H. Soliz Library in the community is a branch of the Ventura County Library system.[24] Poet and novelist Michele Serros a book-signing event here in 2006 when her young-adult novel “Honey Blonde Chica” was published. She remarked "This library was my home away from home when I was growing up."[25] The Roger Jones Community Center is nearby with an adjoining public park.[26]
Infrastructure edit
A majority of the streets in the older unincorporated area do not have sidewalks. As traffic has increased, the safety of school children and other pedestrians has been a concern for the community.[27][28] Cloverdale Mutual Water District serves 135 households in the community which is about 500 residents.[28][29] In the 1990s, the area's existing septic tanks were banned because of groundwater contamination in this area of the Oxnard Plain adjacent to the Santa Clara River.[30] A $35 million conversion to a sewer system was undertaken by the county.[31][30] The area storm water drains into the adjacent Santa Clara River.[32]
Ventura County juvenile justice center is located on the outskirts of El Rio near the small community of Strickland and Rio Mesa High School. The high-security facility on Vineyard Avenue is colloquially known as juvenile hall.[33]
References edit
- ^ a b "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
- ^ "California's 26th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ "2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files – Places – California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "El Rio". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Capace, Nancy (1999). Encyclopedia of California. North American Book Dist LLC. Page 237. ISBN 9780403093182.
- ^ a b RiverPark Specific Plan Draft EIR (PDF) (Report). City of Oxnard. December 2001.
- ^ Ventura County Genealogical Society. "Spanish and Mexican Land Grants in Ventura County". Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: South Mountain
- ^ "El Rio [Ventura Co.]. California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names, Fourth Edition. 2004. p. 122.
- ^ A.C. Martin interviewed by Marlene L. Laskey (1985), Evolution of a Metropolitan Skyline., Oral History Program, UCLA, Regents of the University of California, p. 2
- ^ "Rio School District Website". Retrieved May 30, 2014.
- ^ Storer, Mark (November 27, 2010) "Mass to celebrate milestone for Oxnard parish: Santa Clara is marking 125th year as church" Ventura County Star
- ^ Chawkins, Steve (November 30, 1989). "Plaque Marks Site of Area's First Church". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
- ^ Moraga, Frank (April 20, 2008) "El Rio loses another link to historic past" Ventura County Star
- ^ "Post Office Opens After Four Decades." Los Angeles Times. Oct. 5, 1953, from Oxnard, Oct. 4. p. B 9.
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 118.
- ^ ibid.
- ^ . Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved October 11, 2010.
- ^ "El Rio [Ventura]." Durham's Place-Names of Greater Los Angeles: Includes Los Angeles, Orange and Ventura Counties. 2001. p. 58.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
- ^ McCormack, Don (1999). McCormack's Guides Santa Barbara and Ventura 2000. Mccormacks Guides. Page 77. ISBN 9781929365098.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - El Rio CDP". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Soliz-El Rio Branch Ventura County Library
- ^ McKinnon, Lisa (January 5, 2015) "‘Chicana Role Model' author, Oxnard native Serros succumbs to cancer at 48" Ventura County Star
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Roger Jones Community Center
- ^ Boyd-Barrett, Claudia (May 15, 2015). "Upgrades near Oxnard-area school aid in pedestrian safety". Ventura County Star.
- ^ a b Kallas, Anne (July 27, 2012). "Rio community bands together to pave road for schoolchildren's trek to school". Ventura County Star.
- ^ "Tainted tap water shut off for thousands in El Rio". Ventura County Star. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- ^ a b Kelley, Daryl (September 13, 2004). "Oxnard Ready to Launch a Revised RiverPark Project". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
- ^ "El Rio community leader Florence Young dies at age 91" (Oct 24, 2014) Ventura County Star
- ^ Hadly, Scott (October 18, 2010). "RiverPark deal ends drainage dispute". Ventura County Star.
- ^ Wilson, Kathleen (September 16, 2016). "Treatment changes leave juvenile centers half empty". Ventura County Star. Retrieved September 18, 2016.