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Eclogite

October 15, 2023

Eclogite ( /ˈɛklədʒaɪt/) is a metamorphic rock containing garnet (almandine-pyrope) hosted in a matrix of sodium-rich pyroxene (omphacite). Accessory minerals include kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum and, rarely, diamond. The chemistry of primary and accessory minerals is used to classify three types of eclogite (A, B, and C). The broad range of eclogitic compositions has led a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as subducted, altered oceanic crust.

Eclogite piece from Norway with a garnet (red) and omphacite (greyish-green) groundmass. The sky-blue crystals are kyanite. Minor white quartz is present, presumably from the recrystallization of coesite. A few gold-white phengite patches can be seen at the top. A 23 millimetres (0.91 in) coin added for scale.

Origins Edit

Eclogites typically result from high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of mafic rock at low thermal gradients of <10 °C/km (29 °F/mi) as it is subducted to the lower crust to upper mantle depths in a subduction zone.[1]

Classification Edit

Eclogites are defined as bi-mineralic, broadly basaltic rocks which have been classified into Groups A, B and C based on the chemistry of their primary mineral phases, garnet and clinopyroxene.[2][3] The classification distinguishes each group based on the jadeite content of clinopyroxene and pyrope in garnet.[3] The rocks are gradationally less mafic (as defined by SiO2 and MgO) from group A to C, where the least mafic Group C contains higher alkali contents. [4]

The transitional nature between groups A, B and C correlates with their mode of emplacement at the surface. [3] Group A derive from cratonic regions of earth's crust, brought to the surface as xenoliths from depths greater than 150 km during kimberlite eruptions. [2][3] Group B show strong compositional overlap with Group A, but are found as lenses or pods surrounded by peridotitic mantle material.[3] Group C are commonly found between layers of mica or glaucophane schist, primarily exemplified by the New Caledonia tectonic block off the coast of California. [5]

Surface versus mantle origin Edit

The broad range in composition has led a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as either mantle or surface derived, where the latter is associated with the gabbro to eclogite transition as a major driving force for subduction. [6] [7][8]

Group A eclogite xenoliths remain the most enigmatic in terms of their origin due to metasomatic overprinting of their original composition. [9][10] Models proposing a primary surface origin as seafloor protoliths strongly rely on the wide range in oxygen isotope composition, which overlaps with obducted oceanic crust, such as the Ibra section of the Samail ophiolite. [11] [12] The variation found in some eclogite xenoliths at the Roberts Victor kimberlite pipe are a result of hydrothermal alteration of basalt on the seafloor. [13] This process is attributed to both low- and high-temperature seawater exchange, resulting in large fractionations in oxygen isotope space relative to the upper mantle value typical of mid ocean ridge basalt glasses. [14][15] Other mechanisms proposed for the origin of Group A eclogite xenoliths rely on a cumulate model, where garnet and clinopyroxene bulk compositions derive from residues of partial melting within the mantle. [16] Support of this process is result of metasomatic overprinting of the original oxygen isotope composition, driving them back towards the mantle range. [17]

Eclogite facies Edit

This facies reflects metamorphism at high pressure (at or over 12kbar) and moderately high to very high temperatures. The pressures exceed those of greenschist, blueschist, amphibolite or granulite facies.

Eclogites containing lawsonite (a hydrous calcium-aluminium silicate) are rarely exposed at Earth's surface, although they are predicted from experiments and thermal models to form during normal subduction of oceanic crust at depths between about 45–300 km (28–186 mi).[18]

Importance of eclogite Edit

 
Photomicrograph of a thin section of eclogite from Turkey. Green omphacite (+ late chlorite) + pink garnet + blue glaucophane + colorless phengite.

Formation of igneous rocks from eclogite Edit

 
Eclogite

Partial melting of eclogite has been modeled to produce tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite melts.[19] Eclogite-derived melts may be common in the mantle, and contribute to volcanic regions where unusually large volumes of magma are erupted. [20] The eclogite melt may then react with enclosing peridotite to produce pyroxenite, which in turn melts to produce basalt. [21]

Distribution Edit

 
Eclogite from Almenning, Norway. The red-brown mineral is garnet, green omphacite and white quartz.

Occurrences exist in western North America, including the southwest[22] and the Franciscan Formation of the California Coast Ranges.[23] Transitional granulite-eclogite facies granitoid, felsic volcanics, mafic rocks and granulites occur in the Musgrave Block of the Petermann Orogeny, central Australia. Coesite- and glaucophane-bearing eclogites have been found in the northwestern Himalaya.[24] The oldest coesite-bearing eclogites are about 650 and 620 million years old and they are located in Brazil and Mali, respectively.[25][26]

References Edit

  1. ^ Zheng, Yong-Fei; Chen, Ren-Xu (September 2017). "Regional metamorphism at extreme conditions: Implications for orogeny at convergent plate margins". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 145: 46–73. Bibcode:2017JAESc.145...46Z. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.03.009. ISSN 1367-9120.
  2. ^ a b Jacob, D. E. (2004-09-01). "Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites". Lithos. Selected Papers from the Eighth International Kimberlite Conference. Volume 2: The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume. 77 (1): 295–316. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.038. ISSN 0024-4937.
  3. ^ a b c d e COLEMAN, R. G; LEE, D. E; BEATTY, L. B; BRANNOCK, W. W (1965-05-01). "Eclogites and Eclogites: Their Differences and Similarities". GSA Bulletin. 76 (5): 483–508. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[483:EAETDA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606.
  4. ^ COLEMAN, R. G; LEE, D. E; BEATTY, L. B; BRANNOCK, W. W (1965-05-01). "Eclogites and Eclogites: Their Differences and Similarities". GSA Bulletin. 76 (5): 483–508. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[483:EAETDA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606. from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  5. ^ COLEMAN, R. G; LEE, D. E; BEATTY, L. B; BRANNOCK, W. W (1965-05-01). "Eclogites and Eclogites: Their Differences and Similarities". GSA Bulletin. 76 (5): 483–508. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[483:EAETDA]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606. from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  6. ^ Jacob, D. E. (2004-09-01). "Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites". Lithos. Selected Papers from the Eighth International Kimberlite Conference. Volume 2: The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume. 77 (1): 295–316. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.038. ISSN 0024-4937. from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  7. ^ O'Hara, M. J. (1968-01-01). "The bearing of phase equilibria studies in synthetic and natural systems on the origin and evolution of basic and ultrabasic rocks". Earth-Science Reviews. 4: 69–133. doi:10.1016/0012-8252(68)90147-5. ISSN 0012-8252.
  8. ^ Ringwood, A. E.; Green, D. H. (1966-10-01). "An experimental investigation of the Gabbro-Eclogite transformation and some geophysical implications". Tectonophysics. 3 (5): 383–427. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(66)90009-6. ISSN 0040-1951.
  9. ^ "Chemical variations in upper mantle nodules from southern African kimberlites". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 297 (1431): 273–293. 1980-07-24. doi:10.1098/rsta.1980.0215. ISSN 0080-4614. S2CID 123640184. from the original on 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  10. ^ Jacob, D. E. (2004-09-01). "Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites". Lithos. Selected Papers from the Eighth International Kimberlite Conference. Volume 2: The J. Barry Hawthorne Volume. 77 (1): 295–316. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.038. ISSN 0024-4937.
  11. ^ MacGregor, Ian D.; Manton, William I. (1986). "Roberts victor eclogites: Ancient oceanic crust". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 91 (B14): 14063–14079. doi:10.1029/JB091iB14p14063. ISSN 2156-2202.
  12. ^ Gregory, Robert T.; Taylor, Hugh P. (1981). "An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail Ophiolite, Oman: Evidence for δ18O buffering of the oceans by deep (>5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 86 (B4): 2737–2755. doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02737. ISSN 2156-2202. S2CID 46321182.
  13. ^ MacGregor, Ian D.; Manton, William I. (1986). "Roberts victor eclogites: Ancient oceanic crust". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 91 (B14): 14063–14079. doi:10.1029/JB091iB14p14063. ISSN 2156-2202.
  14. ^ Muehlenbachs, Karlis (1998-04-15). "The oxygen isotopic composition of the oceans, sediments and the seafloor". Chemical Geology. 145 (3): 263–273. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00147-2. ISSN 0009-2541.
  15. ^ Mattey, David; Lowry, David; Macpherson, Colin (1994-12-01). "Oxygen isotope composition of mantle peridotite". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 128 (3): 231–241. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90147-3. ISSN 0012-821X.
  16. ^ O'Hara, M. J. (1968-01-01). "The bearing of phase equilibria studies in synthetic and natural systems on the origin and evolution of basic and ultrabasic rocks". Earth-Science Reviews. 4: 69–133. doi:10.1016/0012-8252(68)90147-5. ISSN 0012-8252.
  17. ^ Huang, Jin-Xiang; Gréau, Yoann; Griffin, William L.; O'Reilly, Suzanne Y.; Pearson, Norman J. (2012-06-01). "Multi-stage origin of Roberts Victor eclogites: Progressive metasomatism and its isotopic effects". Lithos. 142–143: 161–181. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.03.002. ISSN 0024-4937.
  18. ^ Hacker, Bradley R. (2008). "H2O subduction beyond arcs" (PDF). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 9 (3). Bibcode:2008GGG.....9.3001H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.513.829. doi:10.1029/2007GC001707. S2CID 135327696. (PDF) from the original on 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
  19. ^ Rapp, Robert P.; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Norman, Marc D. (2003). "Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite". Nature. 425 (6958): 605–609. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..605R. doi:10.1038/nature02031. PMID 14534583. S2CID 4333290.
  20. ^ Foulger, G.R. (2010). Plates vs. Plumes: A Geological Controversy. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-6148-0. from the original on 2017-11-25. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
  21. ^ Sobolev, Alexander V.; Hofmann, Albrecht W.; Sobolev, Stephan V.; Nikogosian, Igor K. (March 2005). "An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts". Nature. 434 (7033): 590–597. Bibcode:2005Natur.434..590S. doi:10.1038/nature03411. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 15800614. S2CID 1565886.
  22. ^ William Alexander Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussman (1997) Rock-forming Minerals, Geological Society, 668 pages ISBN 1-897799-85-3
  23. ^ "C. Michael Hogan (2008) Ring Mountain, The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham". from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
  24. ^ Wilke, Franziska D.H.; O'Brien, Patrick J.; Altenberger, Uwe; Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias; Khan, M. Ahmed (January 2010). "Multi-stage reaction history in different eclogite types from the Pakistan Himalaya and implications for exhumation processes". Lithos. 114 (1–2): 70–85. Bibcode:2010Litho.114...70W. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.07.015.
  25. ^ Jahn, Bor-ming; Caby, Renaud; Monie, Patrick (2001). "The oldest UHP eclogites of the World: age of UHP metamorphism, nature of protoliths and tectonic implications". Chemical Geology. 178 (1–4): 143–158. Bibcode:2001ChGeo.178..143J. doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00264-9.
  26. ^ Santos, Ticiano José Saraiva; Amaral, Wagner Silva; Ancelmi, Matheus Fernando; Pitarello, Michele Zorzetti; Fuck, Reinhardt Adolfo; Dantas, Elton Luiz (2015). "U–Pb age of the coesite-bearing eclogite from NW Borborema Province, NE Brazil: Implications for western Gondwana assembly". Gondwana Research. 28 (3): 1183–1196. Bibcode:2015GondR..28.1183D. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.09.013.

External links Edit

  • Mantle eclogites
  • Eclogite sample 2011-08-04 at the Wayback Machine
  • Eclogite photo gallery
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eclogite.

October 15, 2023
eclogite, metamorphic, rock, containing, garnet, almandine, pyrope, hosted, matrix, sodium, rich, pyroxene, omphacite, accessory, minerals, include, kyanite, rutile, quartz, lawsonite, coesite, amphibole, phengite, paragonite, zoisite, dolomite, corundum, rare. Eclogite ˈ ɛ k l e dʒ aɪ t is a metamorphic rock containing garnet almandine pyrope hosted in a matrix of sodium rich pyroxene omphacite Accessory minerals include kyanite rutile quartz lawsonite coesite amphibole phengite paragonite zoisite dolomite corundum and rarely diamond The chemistry of primary and accessory minerals is used to classify three types of eclogite A B and C The broad range of eclogitic compositions has led a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as subducted altered oceanic crust Eclogite piece from Norway with a garnet red and omphacite greyish green groundmass The sky blue crystals are kyanite Minor white quartz is present presumably from the recrystallization of coesite A few gold white phengite patches can be seen at the top A 23 millimetres 0 91 in coin added for scale Contents 1 Origins 1 1 Classification 1 2 Surface versus mantle origin 2 Eclogite facies 3 Importance of eclogite 3 1 Formation of igneous rocks from eclogite 4 Distribution 5 References 6 External linksOrigins EditEclogites typically result from high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism of mafic rock at low thermal gradients of lt 10 C km 29 F mi as it is subducted to the lower crust to upper mantle depths in a subduction zone 1 Classification Edit Eclogites are defined as bi mineralic broadly basaltic rocks which have been classified into Groups A B and C based on the chemistry of their primary mineral phases garnet and clinopyroxene 2 3 The classification distinguishes each group based on the jadeite content of clinopyroxene and pyrope in garnet 3 The rocks are gradationally less mafic as defined by SiO2 and MgO from group A to C where the least mafic Group C contains higher alkali contents 4 The transitional nature between groups A B and C correlates with their mode of emplacement at the surface 3 Group A derive from cratonic regions of earth s crust brought to the surface as xenoliths from depths greater than 150 km during kimberlite eruptions 2 3 Group B show strong compositional overlap with Group A but are found as lenses or pods surrounded by peridotitic mantle material 3 Group C are commonly found between layers of mica or glaucophane schist primarily exemplified by the New Caledonia tectonic block off the coast of California 5 Surface versus mantle origin Edit The broad range in composition has led a longstanding debate on the origin of eclogite xenoliths as either mantle or surface derived where the latter is associated with the gabbro to eclogite transition as a major driving force for subduction 6 7 8 Group A eclogite xenoliths remain the most enigmatic in terms of their origin due to metasomatic overprinting of their original composition 9 10 Models proposing a primary surface origin as seafloor protoliths strongly rely on the wide range in oxygen isotope composition which overlaps with obducted oceanic crust such as the Ibra section of the Samail ophiolite 11 12 The variation found in some eclogite xenoliths at the Roberts Victor kimberlite pipe are a result of hydrothermal alteration of basalt on the seafloor 13 This process is attributed to both low and high temperature seawater exchange resulting in large fractionations in oxygen isotope space relative to the upper mantle value typical of mid ocean ridge basalt glasses 14 15 Other mechanisms proposed for the origin of Group A eclogite xenoliths rely on a cumulate model where garnet and clinopyroxene bulk compositions derive from residues of partial melting within the mantle 16 Support of this process is result of metasomatic overprinting of the original oxygen isotope composition driving them back towards the mantle range 17 Eclogite facies EditThis facies reflects metamorphism at high pressure at or over 12kbar and moderately high to very high temperatures The pressures exceed those of greenschist blueschist amphibolite or granulite facies Eclogites containing lawsonite a hydrous calcium aluminium silicate are rarely exposed at Earth s surface although they are predicted from experiments and thermal models to form during normal subduction of oceanic crust at depths between about 45 300 km 28 186 mi 18 Importance of eclogite Edit nbsp Photomicrograph of a thin section of eclogite from Turkey Green omphacite late chlorite pink garnet blue glaucophane colorless phengite Formation of igneous rocks from eclogite Edit nbsp EclogitePartial melting of eclogite has been modeled to produce tonalite trondhjemite granodiorite melts 19 Eclogite derived melts may be common in the mantle and contribute to volcanic regions where unusually large volumes of magma are erupted 20 The eclogite melt may then react with enclosing peridotite to produce pyroxenite which in turn melts to produce basalt 21 Distribution Edit nbsp Eclogite from Almenning Norway The red brown mineral is garnet green omphacite and white quartz Occurrences exist in western North America including the southwest 22 and the Franciscan Formation of the California Coast Ranges 23 Transitional granulite eclogite facies granitoid felsic volcanics mafic rocks and granulites occur in the Musgrave Block of the Petermann Orogeny central Australia Coesite and glaucophane bearing eclogites have been found in the northwestern Himalaya 24 The oldest coesite bearing eclogites are about 650 and 620 million years old and they are located in Brazil and Mali respectively 25 26 References Edit Zheng Yong Fei Chen Ren Xu September 2017 Regional metamorphism at extreme conditions Implications for orogeny at convergent plate margins Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 145 46 73 Bibcode 2017JAESc 145 46Z doi 10 1016 j jseaes 2017 03 009 ISSN 1367 9120 a b Jacob D E 2004 09 01 Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites Lithos Selected Papers from the Eighth International Kimberlite Conference Volume 2 The J Barry Hawthorne Volume 77 1 295 316 doi 10 1016 j lithos 2004 03 038 ISSN 0024 4937 a b c d e COLEMAN R G LEE D E BEATTY L B BRANNOCK W W 1965 05 01 Eclogites and Eclogites Their Differences and Similarities GSA Bulletin 76 5 483 508 doi 10 1130 0016 7606 1965 76 483 EAETDA 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0016 7606 COLEMAN R G LEE D E BEATTY L B BRANNOCK W W 1965 05 01 Eclogites and Eclogites Their Differences and Similarities GSA Bulletin 76 5 483 508 doi 10 1130 0016 7606 1965 76 483 EAETDA 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0016 7606 Archived from the original on 2022 02 12 Retrieved 2021 11 30 COLEMAN R G LEE D E BEATTY L B BRANNOCK W W 1965 05 01 Eclogites and Eclogites Their Differences and Similarities GSA Bulletin 76 5 483 508 doi 10 1130 0016 7606 1965 76 483 EAETDA 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0016 7606 Archived from the original on 2022 02 12 Retrieved 2021 11 30 Jacob D E 2004 09 01 Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites Lithos Selected Papers from the Eighth International Kimberlite Conference Volume 2 The J Barry Hawthorne Volume 77 1 295 316 doi 10 1016 j lithos 2004 03 038 ISSN 0024 4937 Archived from the original on 2022 02 12 Retrieved 2021 11 30 O Hara M J 1968 01 01 The bearing of phase equilibria studies in synthetic and natural systems on the origin and evolution of basic and ultrabasic rocks Earth Science Reviews 4 69 133 doi 10 1016 0012 8252 68 90147 5 ISSN 0012 8252 Ringwood A E Green D H 1966 10 01 An experimental investigation of the Gabbro Eclogite transformation and some geophysical implications Tectonophysics 3 5 383 427 doi 10 1016 0040 1951 66 90009 6 ISSN 0040 1951 Chemical variations in upper mantle nodules from southern African kimberlites Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A Mathematical and Physical Sciences 297 1431 273 293 1980 07 24 doi 10 1098 rsta 1980 0215 ISSN 0080 4614 S2CID 123640184 Archived from the original on 2021 11 04 Retrieved 2021 11 30 Jacob D E 2004 09 01 Nature and origin of eclogite xenoliths from kimberlites Lithos Selected Papers from the Eighth International Kimberlite Conference Volume 2 The J Barry Hawthorne Volume 77 1 295 316 doi 10 1016 j lithos 2004 03 038 ISSN 0024 4937 MacGregor Ian D Manton William I 1986 Roberts victor eclogites Ancient oceanic crust Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 91 B14 14063 14079 doi 10 1029 JB091iB14p14063 ISSN 2156 2202 Gregory Robert T Taylor Hugh P 1981 An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust Samail Ophiolite Oman Evidence for d18O buffering of the oceans by deep gt 5 km seawater hydrothermal circulation at mid ocean ridges Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 86 B4 2737 2755 doi 10 1029 JB086iB04p02737 ISSN 2156 2202 S2CID 46321182 MacGregor Ian D Manton William I 1986 Roberts victor eclogites Ancient oceanic crust Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 91 B14 14063 14079 doi 10 1029 JB091iB14p14063 ISSN 2156 2202 Muehlenbachs Karlis 1998 04 15 The oxygen isotopic composition of the oceans sediments and the seafloor Chemical Geology 145 3 263 273 doi 10 1016 S0009 2541 97 00147 2 ISSN 0009 2541 Mattey David Lowry David Macpherson Colin 1994 12 01 Oxygen isotope composition of mantle peridotite Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128 3 231 241 doi 10 1016 0012 821X 94 90147 3 ISSN 0012 821X O Hara M J 1968 01 01 The bearing of phase equilibria studies in synthetic and natural systems on the origin and evolution of basic and ultrabasic rocks Earth Science Reviews 4 69 133 doi 10 1016 0012 8252 68 90147 5 ISSN 0012 8252 Huang Jin Xiang Greau Yoann Griffin William L O Reilly Suzanne Y Pearson Norman J 2012 06 01 Multi stage origin of Roberts Victor eclogites Progressive metasomatism and its isotopic effects Lithos 142 143 161 181 doi 10 1016 j lithos 2012 03 002 ISSN 0024 4937 Hacker Bradley R 2008 H2O subduction beyond arcs PDF Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9 3 Bibcode 2008GGG 9 3001H CiteSeerX 10 1 1 513 829 doi 10 1029 2007GC001707 S2CID 135327696 Archived PDF from the original on 2010 06 17 Retrieved 2019 09 24 Rapp Robert P Shimizu Nobumichi Norman Marc D 2003 Growth of early continental crust by partial melting of eclogite Nature 425 6958 605 609 Bibcode 2003Natur 425 605R doi 10 1038 nature02031 PMID 14534583 S2CID 4333290 Foulger G R 2010 Plates vs Plumes A Geological Controversy Wiley Blackwell ISBN 978 1 4051 6148 0 Archived from the original on 2017 11 25 Retrieved 2011 03 16 Sobolev Alexander V Hofmann Albrecht W Sobolev Stephan V Nikogosian Igor K March 2005 An olivine free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts Nature 434 7033 590 597 Bibcode 2005Natur 434 590S doi 10 1038 nature03411 ISSN 0028 0836 PMID 15800614 S2CID 1565886 William Alexander Deer R A Howie and J Zussman 1997 Rock forming Minerals Geological Society 668 pages ISBN 1 897799 85 3 C Michael Hogan 2008 Ring Mountain The Megalithic Portal ed Andy Burnham Archived from the original on 2011 06 10 Retrieved 2009 01 14 Wilke Franziska D H O Brien Patrick J Altenberger Uwe Konrad Schmolke Matthias Khan M Ahmed January 2010 Multi stage reaction history in different eclogite types from the Pakistan Himalaya and implications for exhumation processes Lithos 114 1 2 70 85 Bibcode 2010Litho 114 70W doi 10 1016 j lithos 2009 07 015 Jahn Bor ming Caby Renaud Monie Patrick 2001 The oldest UHP eclogites of the World age of UHP metamorphism nature of protoliths and tectonic implications Chemical Geology 178 1 4 143 158 Bibcode 2001ChGeo 178 143J doi 10 1016 S0009 2541 01 00264 9 Santos Ticiano Jose Saraiva Amaral Wagner Silva Ancelmi Matheus Fernando Pitarello Michele Zorzetti Fuck Reinhardt Adolfo Dantas Elton Luiz 2015 U Pb age of the coesite bearing eclogite from NW Borborema Province NE Brazil Implications for western Gondwana assembly Gondwana Research 28 3 1183 1196 Bibcode 2015GondR 28 1183D doi 10 1016 j gr 2014 09 013 External links EditMantle eclogites Eclogite sample Archived 2011 08 04 at the Wayback Machine Eclogite photo gallery nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eclogite Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eclogite amp oldid 1175619247, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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