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United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

November 15, 2023

The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, known as ECLAC, UNECLAC or in Spanish and Portuguese CEPAL, is a United Nations regional commission to encourage economic cooperation. ECLAC includes 46 member States (20 in Latin America, 13 in the Caribbean and 13 from outside the region), and 14 associate members which are various non-independent territories, associated island countries and a commonwealth in the Caribbean. ECLAC publishes statistics covering the countries of the region[2] and makes cooperative agreements with nonprofit institutions.[3] The headquarters of ECLAC is in Santiago, Chile.

United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
AbbreviationECLAC
Formation1948; 75 years ago (1948)
TypePrimary Organ - Regional Branch
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersSantiago, Chile
Head
Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs[1]
Parent organization
United Nations Economic and Social Council
WebsiteEnglish Version
Map showing the Member States of ECLAC.

ECLAC (or UNECLA) was established in 1948 as the UN Economic Commission for Latin America.[4][5] In 1984, a resolution was passed to include the countries of the Caribbean in the name.[6] It reports to the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

Member States edit

The following are all member States of ECLAC:[7]

Associate Members edit

The following are all associate members of ECLAC:[7]

Locations edit

 
CEPAL's headquarters in Santiago

Executive Secretaries edit

Name Country Served
José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs   Costa Rica September 2022 –
Alicia Bárcena Ibarra   Mexico July 2008 – March 2022
José Luis Machinea   Argentina December 2003 – June 2008
José Antonio Ocampo   Colombia January 1998 – August 2003
Gert Rosenthal   Guatemala January 1988 – December 1997
Norberto González   Argentina March 1985 – December 1987
Enrique V. Iglesias   Uruguay April 1972 – February 1985
Carlos Quintana   Mexico January 1967 – March 1972
José Antonio Mayobre   Venezuela August 1963 – December 1966
Raúl Prebisch   Argentina May 1950 – July 1963
Gustavo Martínez Cabañas   Mexico December 1948 – April 1950

In relation to development discourse and dependency theory edit

The formation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America was crucial to the beginning of "Big D development". Many economic scholars attribute the founding of ECLA and its policy implementation in Latin America for the subsequent debates on structuralism and dependency theory. Although forming in the post-war period, the historic roots of ECLA trace back to political movement made long before the war had begun.

Before World War II, the perception of economic development in Latin America was formulated primarily from colonial ideology. This perception, combined with the Monroe Doctrine that asserted the United States as the only foreign power that could intervene in Latin American affairs, led to substantial resentment in Latin America. In the eyes of those living in the continent, Latin America was considerably economically strong; most had livable wages and industry was relatively dynamic.[8] This concern of a need for economic restructuring was taken up by the League of Nations and manifested in a document drawn up by Stanley Bruce and presented to the League in 1939. This in turn strongly influenced the creation of the United Nations Economic and Social Committee in 1944. Although it was a largely ineffective policy development initially, the formation of ECLA proved to have profound effects in Latin America in following decades. For example, by 1955, Peru was receiving $28.5 million in loans per ECLA request.[9] Most of these loans were utilized as means to finance foreign exchange costs, creating more jobs and heightening export trade. To investigate the extent to which this aid was supporting industrial development plans in Peru, ECLA was sent in to study its economic structure. In order to maintain stronghold over future developmental initiatives, ECLA and its branches continued providing financial support to Peru to assist in the country's general development.[8]

The terms of trade at this time, set by the United States, introduced the concept of "unequal exchange" in that the so-called "North" mandated prices that allowed them a greater return on its own resources than that of the "South's". Thus, although the export sector had grown during this time, certain significant economic and social issues continued to threaten this period of so-called stability. Although real income was on the rise, its distribution was still very uneven. Social problems were still overwhelmingly prevalent; large portions of the population were unnourished and without homes, and the education and health system were inept.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "United Nations Secretary-General appoints Mr. José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs of Costa Rica as Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean". un.org. 1 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  2. ^ CEPALSTAT May 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine page at official ECLAC site
  3. ^ ECLAC signed a cooperation agreement to promote science and technology in the region (with Brazilian Center for Strategic Studies and Management) at ECLAC.org
  4. ^ Cypher, James M.; Dietz, James L. (2009). The process of economic development. London & New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-77103-0.
  5. ^ Fajardo, Margarita (2023). "CEPAL, the "International Monetary Fund of the Left"?". The American Historical Review. 128 (2): 588–615. doi:10.1093/ahr/rhad226. ISSN 0002-8762.
  6. ^ ABOUT ECLAC at official ECLAC site
  7. ^ a b Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (n.d.). "Date of Admission of Member States (46) and Associate Members (13) of ECLAC" (PDF). Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. United Nations. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  8. ^ a b c Vandendries, Rene (1967). Foreign Trade and the Economic Development of Peru. Iowa State University.
  9. ^ Kofas, Jon (1996). Foreign Debt and Underdevelopment: U.S.-Peru Economic Relations, 1930-1970. Lanham: U of America.

Bibliography edit

  • Paul Berthoud, A Professional Life Narrative, 2008, worked with CEPAL-ECLAC and offers testimony from the inside of the early years of the organization.
  • José Briceño Ruiz, María Liliana Quintero Rizzuto and Dyanna de Benítez (June 2013). "The ECLAC's structuralist thinking on development and Latin American integration: reflections on the contemporary relevance". Aportes para la Integración Latinoamericana (in Spanish). XIX (28): 1–324. ISSN 1667-8613. Retrieved 29 April 2014.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
  • UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean official site

November 15, 2023
united, nations, economic, commission, latin, america, caribbean, known, eclac, uneclac, spanish, portuguese, cepal, united, nations, regional, commission, encourage, economic, cooperation, eclac, includes, member, states, latin, america, caribbean, from, outs. The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean known as ECLAC UNECLAC or in Spanish and Portuguese CEPAL is a United Nations regional commission to encourage economic cooperation ECLAC includes 46 member States 20 in Latin America 13 in the Caribbean and 13 from outside the region and 14 associate members which are various non independent territories associated island countries and a commonwealth in the Caribbean ECLAC publishes statistics covering the countries of the region 2 and makes cooperative agreements with nonprofit institutions 3 The headquarters of ECLAC is in Santiago Chile United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanAbbreviationECLACFormation1948 75 years ago 1948 TypePrimary Organ Regional BranchLegal statusActiveHeadquartersSantiago ChileHeadExecutive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Jose Manuel Salazar Xirinachs 1 Parent organizationUnited Nations Economic and Social CouncilWebsiteEnglish VersionMap showing the Member States of ECLAC ECLAC or UNECLA was established in 1948 as the UN Economic Commission for Latin America 4 5 In 1984 a resolution was passed to include the countries of the Caribbean in the name 6 It reports to the UN Economic and Social Council ECOSOC Contents 1 Member States 1 1 Associate Members 2 Locations 3 Executive Secretaries 4 In relation to development discourse and dependency theory 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksMember States editThe following are all member States of ECLAC 7 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda nbsp Argentina nbsp Bahamas nbsp Barbados nbsp Belize nbsp Bolivia Plurinational State of nbsp Brazil nbsp Canada nbsp Chile nbsp Colombia nbsp Costa Rica nbsp Cuba nbsp Dominica nbsp Dominican Republic nbsp Ecuador nbsp El Salvador nbsp France nbsp Germany nbsp Grenada nbsp Guatemala nbsp Guyana nbsp Haiti nbsp Honduras nbsp Italy nbsp Jamaica nbsp Japan nbsp Mexico nbsp Netherlands nbsp Nicaragua nbsp Norway nbsp Panama nbsp Paraguay nbsp Peru nbsp Portugal nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis nbsp Saint Lucia nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines nbsp Republic of Korea nbsp Spain nbsp Suriname nbsp Turkey nbsp Trinidad and Tobago nbsp United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland nbsp United States of America nbsp Uruguay nbsp Venezuela Bolivarian Republic of Associate Members edit The following are all associate members of ECLAC 7 nbsp Anguilla nbsp Aruba nbsp Bermuda nbsp British Virgin Islands nbsp Cayman Islands nbsp Curacao nbsp Guadeloupe nbsp Martinique nbsp Montserrat nbsp Puerto Rico nbsp Sint Maarten nbsp Turks and Caicos Islands nbsp United States Virgin Islands nbsp French GuianaLocations edit nbsp CEPAL s headquarters in SantiagoSantiago Chile headquarters Mexico City Mexico Central American subregional headquarters Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean subregional headquarters Buenos Aires Argentina country office Brasilia Brazil country office Montevideo Uruguay country office Bogota Colombia country office Washington DC United States of America liaison office Executive Secretaries editName Country ServedJose Manuel Salazar Xirinachs nbsp Costa Rica September 2022 Alicia Barcena Ibarra nbsp Mexico July 2008 March 2022Jose Luis Machinea nbsp Argentina December 2003 June 2008Jose Antonio Ocampo nbsp Colombia January 1998 August 2003Gert Rosenthal nbsp Guatemala January 1988 December 1997Norberto Gonzalez nbsp Argentina March 1985 December 1987Enrique V Iglesias nbsp Uruguay April 1972 February 1985Carlos Quintana nbsp Mexico January 1967 March 1972Jose Antonio Mayobre nbsp Venezuela August 1963 December 1966Raul Prebisch nbsp Argentina May 1950 July 1963Gustavo Martinez Cabanas nbsp Mexico December 1948 April 1950In relation to development discourse and dependency theory editThe formation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America was crucial to the beginning of Big D development Many economic scholars attribute the founding of ECLA and its policy implementation in Latin America for the subsequent debates on structuralism and dependency theory Although forming in the post war period the historic roots of ECLA trace back to political movement made long before the war had begun Before World War II the perception of economic development in Latin America was formulated primarily from colonial ideology This perception combined with the Monroe Doctrine that asserted the United States as the only foreign power that could intervene in Latin American affairs led to substantial resentment in Latin America In the eyes of those living in the continent Latin America was considerably economically strong most had livable wages and industry was relatively dynamic 8 This concern of a need for economic restructuring was taken up by the League of Nations and manifested in a document drawn up by Stanley Bruce and presented to the League in 1939 This in turn strongly influenced the creation of the United Nations Economic and Social Committee in 1944 Although it was a largely ineffective policy development initially the formation of ECLA proved to have profound effects in Latin America in following decades For example by 1955 Peru was receiving 28 5 million in loans per ECLA request 9 Most of these loans were utilized as means to finance foreign exchange costs creating more jobs and heightening export trade To investigate the extent to which this aid was supporting industrial development plans in Peru ECLA was sent in to study its economic structure In order to maintain stronghold over future developmental initiatives ECLA and its branches continued providing financial support to Peru to assist in the country s general development 8 The terms of trade at this time set by the United States introduced the concept of unequal exchange in that the so called North mandated prices that allowed them a greater return on its own resources than that of the South s Thus although the export sector had grown during this time certain significant economic and social issues continued to threaten this period of so called stability Although real income was on the rise its distribution was still very uneven Social problems were still overwhelmingly prevalent large portions of the population were unnourished and without homes and the education and health system were inept 8 See also editLibrary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations System eLAC eLAC2007 eLAC2010 and eLAC2015 Strategies for the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean Association of Caribbean States Community of Latin American and Caribbean StatesReferences edit United Nations Secretary General appoints Mr Jose Manuel Salazar Xirinachs of Costa Rica as Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean un org 1 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 CEPALSTAT Archived May 19 2012 at the Wayback Machine page at official ECLAC site ECLAC signed a cooperation agreement to promote science and technology in the region with Brazilian Center for Strategic Studies and Management at ECLAC org Cypher James M Dietz James L 2009 The process of economic development London amp New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 77103 0 Fajardo Margarita 2023 CEPAL the International Monetary Fund of the Left The American Historical Review 128 2 588 615 doi 10 1093 ahr rhad226 ISSN 0002 8762 ABOUT ECLAC at official ECLAC site a b Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean n d Date of Admission of Member States 46 and Associate Members 13 of ECLAC PDF Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean United Nations Retrieved 22 December 2018 a b c Vandendries Rene 1967 Foreign Trade and the Economic Development of Peru Iowa State University Kofas Jon 1996 Foreign Debt and Underdevelopment U S Peru Economic Relations 1930 1970 Lanham U of America Bibliography editPaul Berthoud A Professional Life Narrative 2008 worked with CEPAL ECLAC and offers testimony from the inside of the early years of the organization Jose Briceno Ruiz Maria Liliana Quintero Rizzuto and Dyanna de Benitez June 2013 The ECLAC s structuralist thinking on development and Latin American integration reflections on the contemporary relevance Aportes para la Integracion Latinoamericana in Spanish XIX 28 1 324 ISSN 1667 8613 Retrieved 29 April 2014 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean official site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean amp oldid 1162298284, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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