Dora Meeson
Dora Meeson (1869–1955) was an Australian artist, suffragist, and an elected member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters in London, England.[1] She was a member of the British Artists' Suffrage League.[2]
Dora Meeson | |
|---|---|
Portrait by her husband, George James Coates | |
| Born | 7 August 1869 Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 24 March 1955 (aged 85) Chelsea, London, England |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Education | Canterbury College School of Art National Gallery School |
| Known for | painter |
| Spouse | George James Coates |
| Elected | ROI in 1919 |
Early life and education edit
Dora Meeson was born on August 7, 1869, to Amelia (née Kipling) and John Meeson in Hawthorn, Victoria.[3] Her father, an English schoolmaster, had moved to Melbourne in 1860 and married Amelia Kipling in 1861. He established Hawthorn Grammar School and sold it around 1880 before relocating the family to London. There, he studied law and eventually became a barrister.
In London, the Meeson family then moved to Dunedin, New Zealand c. 1879.[4] It was during this time that Dora Meson began her artistic career. Also, while studying at the Canterbury College School of Art, Meeson was witness to the suffrage movement and signed the petition which was forwarded to the New Zealand Parliament.[4] She attended the Slade School in London, studying under Henry Tonks and alongside notable fellow student Augustus John. In 1895, she applied for special entry to the painting classes at the National Gallery School in Melbourne. Despite not having completed the usual apprenticeship in the Drawing classes, she was accepted as an advanced student by the Master, Bernard Hall and the family returned to Melbourne later in 1895, enabling Meeson to study therel.[4]
At the National Gallery School, Dora met her future husband, George Coates. They both participated in a poster competition on the theme of "Minerva," with Dora Meeson winning the prize. Coates and Meeson both contended for a scholarship to study at the Académie Julian in Paris. Ultimately, Coates received the scholarship and Meeson did not, and her family financed her studies in Paris.[5][4] They planned to reunite on the other side of the world.
George Coates and David Davies travelled to London, while the Meeson family coincidentally returned to live in London in the same year. Dora and George then journeyed to Paris, where they enrolled at Julian's School of Art under the tutelage of Jean Paul Laurens and Benjamin Constant. They spent three years in Paris, immersing themselves in the art scene and admiring the works of prominent artists such as Fantin-Latour, Puvis de Chavannes, Auguste Renoir, Armand Guillaumin, and Auguste Rodin. Dora Meeson particularly felt a sense of belonging in Paris and was impressed by Claude Monet's exhibition showcasing various atmospheric effects of Rouen Cathedral.
Dora made significant progress at Julian's, winning First Prize in the Concours de Torse d'Homme and Second Prize in the Concours de Torse de Femme in 1898, while Coates received no awards that time. In 1899, both Dora and George had their works exhibited at the Paris Old Salon.
Career edit
In 1900, the couple returned to England with the intention of getting married, but Dora's parents were skeptical about their ability to sustain themselves financially through art. George found work as an illustrator for The Historians' History of the World, and in 1902, Dora joined him in this endeavor. They attended the wedding of E. Phillips Fox and Ethel Carrick, and in 1903, Dora and George were married in the same church in Ealing. They had difficulties breaking into the art world there, and early on gained income through producing small illustrations for encyclopedias.[4]
From 1903 to 1905, they resided in Ealing, where Dora received an annual allowance of £100 and taught a few students, though they suffered privation and isolation from the art world.[6] They often employed children as models due to their affordability and willingness. Dora expressed her fondness for England as a place of pleasure and Paris as a place of work and expressed interest in the more avant-garde work practised there, while George felt like an outsider in Paris.[6]
In 1906, Augustus John (with whom she had studied at the Slade) convinced Dora and George to rent a studio at Trafalgar Studios in Chelsea. This marked the beginning of their long stay in Chelsea, where they became part of a vibrant art community that included many Australian artists. Notable figures like Charles Conder and members of the Chelsea Arts Club, such as Tom Roberts, Will Dyson, and George Lambert, frequented Trafalgar Studios.
During their time in Chelsea, Dora attended a suffrage meeting addressed by Emily Pankhurst in another studio within their building, inspiring her to become actively involved in the suffrage movement, while George joined the Men's League for Women's Suffrage. They participated in processions together, and some members of the Chelsea Arts Club affectionately nicknamed them "Coates and Trousers."
In 1909, both of Dora's parents passed away, which, although a great shock, provided them with a higher degree of financial independence. They established their home and Dora's studio at No. 52 Glebe Place, while George had a spacious studio at No. 55 (later occupied by Australian modernist artist Sidney Nolan) with a connecting door between the two. Dora began painting the Thames, a subject she deeply cherished, in a post-impressionist style.
Meeson and Coates conducted their art careers in England. In 1903 they were employed as illustrators for the Encyclopædia Britannica, together earning six pounds a year.[5] In 1921 they made a successful visit to Australia, and organised exhibitions of their works in Melbourne, Ballarat, Geelong, Adelaide and Perth.[5]
Women's suffrage edit
Following the death of her parents, Meeson gained momentum with the suffrage movement, and became a founding member of the Kensington branch of the Women's Freedom League.[4]
In January 1907, the Artists' Suffrage League was established with Meeson an early member, making significant artistic contributions through her production of political posters, banners and postcards from the league's studio in The King's Road. She also illustrated booklets that were sold to increase visibility for the cause and promote awareness along with Cicely Hamilton, Mary Lowndes, and C. Hedley Charlton.[4] Meeson's postcards were in high demand, with 6,488 sold at a penny each.[4]
In May 1911 Vida Goldstein encouraged Meeson and others to form the Australian and New Zealand Women Voters' Committee (London), for the purpose of applying political pressure for voting rights and women's rights.[4]
On 17 June 1911 at 5:30pm the Women's Suffrage Coronation Procession was held in London. Vida Goldstein, Margaret Fisher, and Emily McGowen led the Australian contingent with Meeson's banner, Commonwealth of Australia. "Trust the Women Mother as I have done" carried by Meeson and supported by her husband at the front of the Australian and New Zealand contingent.[4] The banner was purchased from the Women's Library by the National Women's Consultative Council as a Bicentennial Gift to the Women of Australia in 1988.[7] It can be viewed in Parliament House, Canberra.
Group exhibitions edit
- 1992 Heide Museum of Modern Art – Completing the Picture[5]
Collections edit
- Art Gallery of Ballarat[8]
- Art Gallery of New South Wales[9]
- Australian War Memorial[10]
- Benalla Art Gallery[11]
- Castlemaine Art Museum[12]
- Christchurch Art Gallery New Zealand[13]
- Art Gallery of New South Wales[14]
- Imperial War Museum London[15]
- Museum of London Docklands[16]
- National Army Museum Chelsea[17]
- National Gallery of Australia[18]
- National Gallery of Victoria[19]
- National Library of Australia[20]
- Port of London Authority
- State Library of Tasmania[21]
Recognition and legacy edit
A representation of her banner was used on the design of the Australian 2003 dollar coin celebrating the centenary of women's suffrage.[22]
Meeson Street in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm is named in her honour.[23]
References edit
- ^ Haese, Richard, "Meeson, Dora (1869–1955)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Australian National University
- ^ "How Australia led the way: Dora Meeson Coates and British Suffrage". Australian Government – FaHCSIA.
- ^ Haese, Richard, "Meeson, Dora (1869–1955)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 5 March 2023
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Scott, Myra (2003). How Australia Led the Way: Dora Meeson Coates and British Suffrage. Canberra: Commonwealth Office of the Status of Women. ISBN 1-877042-40-4.
- ^ a b c d Hammond, Victoria; Peers, Juliette; Heide Park and Art Gallery (1992). Completing the picture : women artists and the Heidelberg era (3rd ed.). Artmoves. pp. 50–53. ISBN 978-0-646-07493-1.
- ^ a b Meeson, Dora; Barron, Oswald (1937). George Coates : his art and his life (1st ed.). London: J.M. Dent.
- ^ Keating, James (2023). ""Trust the Women": Dora Meeson Coates's Suffrage Banner and the Popular Construction of Australia's Feminist Past in the Late Twentieth Century". Histoire sociale / Social History (900). doi:10.1353/his.2019.a910550. ISSN 1918-6576.
- ^ Meeson, Dora. "1916 – Leaving for the front". Art Gallery of Ballarat. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
- ^ "Dora Meeson". Art Gallery of NSW.
- ^ Meeson, Dora. "St. Paul's Cathedral, London, after the surrounding building has been flattened by enemy bombing". Australian War Memorial.
- ^ "Dora Meeson". Benalla Art Gallery.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "MEESON, Dora". Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013.
- ^ Meeson, Dora. . Christchurch Art Gallery. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014.
- ^ Meeson, Dora. "The Thames at Chelsea". Art Gallery NSW.
- ^ Meeson, Dora. "Members of the QMAAC : at work in the cookhouse, RAF Camp, Charlton Park". Imperial War Museum.
- ^ "Dora Meeson". Museum of London.
- ^ Meeson, Dora. "Peace Celebrations, Indian Troops Marching down Whitehall, 1919". Art UK.
- ^ "Dora Meeson". National Gallery of Australia.
- ^ "Dora Meeson". National Gallery of Victoria.
- ^ "Dora Meeson". National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Meeson, Dora". State Library of Tasmania.
- ^ "2003 Centenary of Women's Suffrage Dollar". The Australian Coin Collecting Blog. from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ "Schedule 'B' National Memorials Ordinance 1928–1972 Street Nomenclature List of Additional Names with Reference to Origin: Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Special (National: 1977–2012) – 8 Feb 1978". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Special. 8 February 1978. p. 13. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
Further reading edit
- Wright, Clare (2018). You Daughters of Freedom: The Australians Who Won the Vote and Inspired the World. Melbourne: Text Publishing. ISBN 9781925603934.
External links edit
- 1913 Catalogue State Library of Victoria
- 1921 Catalogue State Library of Victoria
- 1934 Catalogue State Library of Victoria
- Australian Government
- Dora Meeson Coates Design & Art Australia Online
- 3 artworks by or after Dora Meeson at the Art UK site
- Dora Meeson National Portrait Gallery, London
- Harvard University Library
- Nineteenth Century New Zealand Artists: A Guide & Handbook Victoria University of Wellington
- Suffrage artists’ league Woman and her Sphere
- Meeson, Dora Australian Dictionary of Biography