Kamianske
Kamianske (Ukrainian: Кам'янське, IPA: [kɐmjɐnʲˈsʲkɛ] ⓘ), previously known as Dniprodzerzhynsk from 1936 to 2016, is an industrial city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine, and a port on the Dnieper River. It serves as the administrative center of Kamianske Raion. Kamianske hosts the administration of Kamianske urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[2] Population: 226,845 (2022 estimate).[1]
Kamianske Кам'янське | |
|---|---|
| Flag Coat of arms | |
Kamianske Location of Kamianske Kamianske Kamianske (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 48°31′00″N 34°37′00″E / 48.51667°N 34.61667°E | |
| Country | Ukraine |
| Oblast | Dnipropetrovsk Oblast |
| Raion | Kamianske Raion |
| Hromada | Kamianske urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 1750 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Andriy Bilousov |
| Area | |
| • City | 138 km2 (53 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 120 m (390 ft) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • City | 226,845 |
| • Density | 1,600/km2 (4,300/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 238,832 |
| Postal code | 51900 |
| Area code | +380-5692 |
| Website | http://kam.gov.ua/ |
On 19 May 2016, it was renamed back to its historical name of Kamianske.[3] Along with the city's name change, the city's hydroelectric station was renamed to Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant.
Besides the hydroelectric station, the city houses a few other industrial enterprises: Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant (closed in 1991), Bahley Coke Factory and Dnieper Metallurgical Combine.
History edit
The first written evidence of settlement in the territory of Kamianske appeared in 1750. At that time the villages of Romankove and Kamianske, which make up the modern city, formed a part of the Nova (New) Sich of the Zaporozhian cossacks. The city was known as Kamianske, lit. Stony Place (Ukrainian: Кам'янське, Russian: Каменское Kamenskoye) until 1936[4] when it was renamed to Dniprodzerzhynsk – the name honored the Dnieper River (Ukrainian: Дніпро, romanized: Dnipro) and the Bolshevik leader Felix Dzerzhynsky (1877–1926), the founder of the Soviet secret police, the Cheka.
Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev was born and raised in Kamianske.
On 15 May 2015 the President of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko, signed a bill into law that started a six-month period for the removal of communist monuments and the mandatory renaming of settlements with names related to communism.[5] The following year, on 19 May 2016, the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada voted to rename Dniprodzerzhynsk, which reverted to using its historic name Kamianske.[6]
Until 18 July 2020, Kamianske was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and the center of Kamianske Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Kamianske Municipality was merged into newly established Kamianske Raion.[7][8]
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 8 April 2022, almost 12,000 people from the surrounding areas were temporarily evacuated to the city due to active hostilities.[9] By 1 September, the number had increased to 35,000 people.[10]
Population edit
Language edit
Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[11]
Geography edit
While mostly located on right bank of Dnieper, Kamianske stretches over the hydroelectric station onto the left bank where the portion of city is known as "Livyi bereh" neighborhood (literally Left bank). The neighborhood arches to the west of the Kamianske's suburb of Kurylivka.
To the east Kamianske municipality borders Dnipro city creating an urban sprawl.
Kamianske is a city with a very difficult environmental conditions. The city is on the top 10 of the most air-polluted cities of Ukraine.[12] There have been suggestions to assign the status of the ecological disaster city. Right-bank part of the city is mostly polluted, where the metallurgical, chemical industrial enterprises are located.
In 2008, an interdepartmental commission for solving environmental problems was created.[13]
Climate edit
The climate is moderately continental, dry.[14] The amount of precipitation per year is about 400 mm. The average daily temperature is -6°C in January, + 21°C in July.[15]
Administrative divisions edit
- Dniprovskyi district (western city district)
- neighborhoods: Romankove (former settlement), Livyi bereh
- Zavodskyi district (central city district)
- neighborhoods: City center, Dnieper Metallurgical Combine
- Pivdennyi district (south and eastern city parts)[16][17]
- settlements: Karnaukhivka, Svitle
- neighborhoods: Sotsmisto, Pivdennyi, Bahliy Coke Factory, DniproAzot and Prydniprovskyi Chemical Factory
Economy edit
The economic base of Kamianske is almost exclusively centered on heavy industry, with ferrous metallurgy being the backbone of the local economy. Around 57% of the total industrial production is metallurgy and metal working. The chemical industry comes second with ca. 17% share of the total industrial output.[18] While the exceedingly industrialized nature of the local economy ensures a rather high employment rate (as of 01.11.2007, official unemployment stood at 1.40%),[19] it also contributes to excessive pollution and radiation levels in the city.[20]
- Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant (closed down)
- Bahley Coke Factory
- Dnieper Metallurgical Combine
- DniproAzot
- Dniprodzerzhynsk Cement Factory
- Dniprodzerzhynsk Electrical Central
- Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Plant
Culture edit
Several Eastern Orthodox churches, the largest being the Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, which dates from 1894,[21] serve the faithful of the city. By 2018, there were 22 parishes of Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Kamianske.[22]
The Roman Catholic Church of Saint Nicholas[23] built by the city's Polish community at the end of the nineteenth century, has become one of the centers of Roman Catholicism in Eastern Ukraine. The Catholic Parish of Saint Nicholas also includes a monastery run by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.[23]
The city has an active Jewish community with a large synagogue and a charity center.[24]
International relations edit
Twin towns — Sister cities edit
Kamianske is twinned with:
Gallery edit
- Orthodox Church of Saint Nicholas
- Roman Catholic Church of Saint Nicholas
- "Beit Reuven" Synagogue and "Beit Baruch" Charitable Center
- Theatre
- City Hall
- Downtown
- Soviet-era apartment blocks
- Museum
- Metalurh Stadium
- Monument Prometheus
- Monument Taras Shevchenko
- Train station
- Tram in Kamianske
- The bridge across the Dnieper
- Hydroelectric power plant
- Dniprovsky steel works (DMK)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2022.
- ^ "Каменская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- ^ "Dniprodzerzhynsk renamed Kamianske". www.unian.info. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
- ^ (in Ukrainian) Dniprodzerzhinsk and several more cities got new names. Ukrayinska Pravda. 19 May 2016
- ^ (in Ukrainian) Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015) - ^ (in Ukrainian). Українські Національні Новини. May 19, 2016. Archived from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). July 18, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
- ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. July 17, 2020.
- ^ "До Кам'янського району прибули понад 12 000 переселенців". mis.dp.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ^ "Майже 35 тисяч переселенців оселилися у Кам'янському районі". sobitie.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved September 4, 2023.
- ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".
- ^ Найбрудніші міста України
- ^ Розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України від 11.08.2010
- ^ Чугай Н. С. Климат и климатические ресурсы Днепропетровщины. — Днепропетровск: Изд-во Днепропетровского отделения географического общества, 1973. — с.11-18.
- ^ Географічна енциклопедія України: в 3х т.- К.: «Українська радянська енциклопедія» ім. М. П. Бажана,1989. — Т.1: А-Ж. — с.335
- ^ "Information about the city". Kamianske City Council. June 8, 2021.
- ^ "Веб-камери Південний район". Андрій Бiлоусов (in Ukrainian). Retrieved December 29, 2023.
- ^ (in Ukrainian). Dniprodzerzhynsk City Council home page. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ (in Ukrainian). Dniprodzerzhynsk City Council home page. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Belitskaia, EN (May–June 1996). "[The characteristics of the air pollution of an industrial region]". Likarska Sprava (5–6): 74–8. PMID 9377406.
- ^ "Каменская епархия УПЦ Официальный сайт - Свято-Николаевский Кафедральный собор УПЦ, г. Каменское". www.eparhia.net. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
- ^ "Каменская епархия УПЦ Официальный сайт - Днепродзержинский благочинный округ". www.eparhia.net. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
- ^ a b Roman Catholic Parish in Kamianske
- ^ "770.com.ua - Днепродзержинская еврейская община". 770.com.ua - Еврейская община Каменского. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
- ^ "Kamianske". encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
External links edit
- The murder of the Jews of Dniprodzerzhynsk during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.