D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation
The D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, also known as Developing-8, is an organisation for development co-operation among the following countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The objectives of D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation are to improve member states' position in the global economy, diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at international level, and improve standards of living. D-8 is a global arrangement rather than a regional one, as the composition of its members reflects. Organization for Economic Cooperation (D-8) is a forum with no adverse impact on bilateral and multilateral commitments of the member countries, emanating from their membership to other international or regional organizations.[2]
Members of D-8[1] | |
| Formation | 1996 1997 (1 Summit) |
|---|---|
| Legal status | Intergovernmental Organization |
| Headquarters | Istanbul, Turkey |
Membership | |
Secretary-General | Ambassador Isiaka Abdulqadir Imam |
| Website | www |
The combined population of the eight countries is about 1.2 billion or 60% of all Muslims, or close to 13% of the world's population and covering an area of 7.6 million square kilometers, 5% of world land area.[3] In 2006, trade between the D-8 member states stood at $35 billion, and it was around $68 billion in 2010.[4] Transactions between the 8 developing countries accounted for 3.3 percent of world trade in 2010.[4] The total nominal GDP of the eight nations was around 4.92 trillion as of 2023.
History edit
The idea of co-operation among major Muslim developing countries was mooted by Prof. Dr. Necmettin Erbakan, the then Prime Minister of Turkey, during a Seminar on "Cooperation in Development" which was held in Istanbul in October 1996.
The group envisioned co-operation among countries stretching from South East Asia to Africa. Representatives from Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria and Pakistan attended the Seminar. This conference was the first step towards the establishment of D-8 and it was only after a series of preparatory meetings that D-8 was set up officially and began its activities with the Istanbul Declaration issued at the end of the summit of Heads of State and Government held in Istanbul on 15 June 1997.[5]
Purposes and objectives edit
As stated by the D-8 Facts and Figures Publication: "The objectives of D-8 are to improve developing countries' positions in the world economy, diversify and create new opportunities in trade relations, enhance participation in decision-making at the international level, and provide better standards of living." The main areas of co-operation include finance, banking, rural development, science and technology, humanitarian development, agriculture, energy, environment, and health.[3]
In the first Summit Declaration (Istanbul, 1997), the main objective of D-8 is stated to be socio-economic development in accordance with the following principles:
- Peace instead of conflict.
- Dialogue instead of confrontation.
- Cooperation instead of exploitation.
- Justice instead of double standard.
- Equality instead of discrimination.
- Democracy instead of oppression.
By the same token, D-8 is a forum with no adverse impact on bilateral and multilateral commitments of the member countries, emanating from their membership of other regional or international organizations.
The fifth D-8 Summit Declaration (Bali, 2006) produced the following, as illustration of the application of the group's objectives:
- Commitment to work together to solve the problem of economic disparities within our countries.
- Reaffirm commitment to enhance co-operation in the field of energy to develop alternative and renewable energy resources.
- Emphasize the importance of D-8 in contributing to the economic development of its member countries and ensure that it promotes global trade.[6]
Structure edit
The Summit, which is convened every two years, has the highest level of authority, and is composed of the leaders of each member state.[7]
The Council is the principal decision-making body and forum for consideration of issues relating to the and is composed of the foreign affairs ministers of each member state.
The Commission has executive authority, and is composed of Commissioners appointed by beach member state's government. Commissioners are responsible for promoting compliance with directives in their respective nation. Finally, an executive director is appointed by D-8 members to facilitate communication and to act in a supervisory capacity during each summit or lower-level assembly.
D-8 Summits edit
| Date | Host country | Host leader | Location held | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | June 1997 | Turkey | Necmettin Erbakan | Istanbul |
| 2 | March 1999 | Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina | Dhaka |
| 3 | February 2001 | Egypt | Hosni Mubarak | Cairo |
| 4 | February 2004 | Iran | Mohammad Khatami | Tehran |
| 5 | May 2006 | Indonesia | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | Bali |
| 6 | July 2008 | Malaysia | Abdullah Ahmad Badawi | Kuala Lumpur |
| 7 | July 2010 | Nigeria | Muhammadu Buhari | Abuja |
| 8 | November 2012 | Pakistan | Asif Ali Zardari | Islamabad |
| 9 | October 2017 | Turkey | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Istanbul |
| 10 | April 2021 | Bangladesh | Sheikh Hasina | Virtual |
Member countries edit
| Country | Population (1July 2023)[8] | Nominal GDP (USD million)[9] | Nominal GDP per capita ($)[9] | PPP GDP (Int$ million)[9] | PPP GDP per capita (Int$)[9] | Life expectancy (years, avg. 2021) | HDI (2021)[10] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh | 172,954,319 | 509,516 | 2,969 | 1,578,164 | 9,063 | 74.3 | 0.661 (medium) |
| Egypt | 112,716,599 | 378,110 | 3,644 | 1,803,584 | 16,979 | 71.8 | 0.731 (high) |
| Indonesia | 277,534,123 | 1,391,778 | 5,016 | 4,398,729 | 15,855 | 71.3 | 0.705 (high) |
| Iran | 89,172,767 | 367,970 | 4,251 | 1,691,819 | 19,548 | 77.3 | 0.774 (high) |
| Malaysia | 34,308,525 | 447,026 | 13,382 | 1,230,823 | 36,847 | 74.7 | 0.803 (very high) |
| Nigeria | 223,804,632 | 506,601 | 2,280 | 1,372,624 | 6,178 | 62.6 | 0.535 (low) |
| Pakistan | 240,485,658 | 376,493 (2022) | 1,658 (2022) | 1,582,988 | 6,836 | 68 | 0.544 (medium) |
| Turkey | 85,816,199 | 1,029,303 | 11,931 | 3,572,551 | 41,412 | 78.6 | 0.838 (very high) |
| Combined/Average | 1,236,792,822 | 4,917,797 | 3,976 | 17,128,282 | 13,849 | 72.0 | N/A |
Secretaries-General of D-8 edit
| No. | Name | Country of origin | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ayhan Kamel | Turkey | 1997 | 2006 |
| 2 | Dipo Alam | Indonesia | 2006 | 2010 |
| 3 | Widi Agoes Pratikto | Indonesia | 2010 | 2012 |
| 4 | Seyed Ali Mohammad Mousavi | Iran | 2013 | 2017 |
| 5 | Ambassador Dato' Ku Jaafar Ku Shaari | Malaysia | 2018 | 2021 |
| 6 | Ambassador Isiaka Abdulqadir Imam | Nigeria | 2022 | present |
Affiliated Bodies edit
- D-8 International University[11]
- D-8 Map of Scientific Excellence and Collaboration (D8-MSEC)[12]
- D-8 Network of Pioneers for Research and Innovation (D-8 NPRI)[13]
- D-8 Technology Transfer and Exchange Network (D-8 TTEN)[14]
- D-8 Health and Social Protection Programme (D-8 HSP)[15]
- D-8 Research Center for Agriculture and Food Security[16]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ The official website 12 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine adopts the "G-15" orthography (with a hyphen) in order to distinguish an abbreviated references to this group – contrasts with other similarly named entities.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "D8 ministerial summit opens today". Tehran Times. 27 February 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ a b "Iran pledges €50m to D8 fund". tehran times. 28 February 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ Mousavi, Seyed Ali Mohammad (15 June 2017). "D-8 organization: 20 years of unique experiments in economic cooperation". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ . Developing 8. 13 May 2006. Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
- ^ "UNdata | record view | Total population, both sexes combined (thousands)". data.un.org. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
- ^ a b c d International Monetary Fund. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023". International Monetary Fund.
- ^ Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 272–276. ISBN 978-9-211-26451-7. (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ "D-8 International University - D8 International Portal - D8 Portal". D8 International Portal. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ d8.isc.ac https://d8.isc.ac/. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ developing8.org http://developing8.org/d-8-npri/. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "HOME". D-8TTEN. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ developing8.org https://developing8.org/areas-of-cooperation/health/. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF)". web.uaf.edu.pk. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
External links edit
- Official website