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Dan McKenzie (geophysicist)

April 10, 2024

For other people with the same name, see Daniel McKenzie (disambiguation).

Dan Peter McKenzie CH FRS (born 21 February 1942) is a Professor of Geophysics at the University of Cambridge, and one-time head of the Bullard Laboratories of the Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences. He wrote the first paper defining the mathematical principles of plate tectonics on a sphere, and his early work on mantle convection created the modern discussion of planetary interiors.

Dan McKenzie
Born (1942-02-21) 21 February 1942 (age 82)
Cheltenham
NationalityBritish
Alma materKing's College, Cambridge, (BA 1963, PhD 1966)
AwardsA.G. Huntsman Award (1980)
Balzan Prize (1981)
Wollaston Medal (1983)
Japan Prize (1990)
Royal Medal (1991)
Copley Medal (2011)
William Bowie Medal (2001)
Crafoord Prize (2002)
Scientific career
FieldsGeophysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
Thesis The shape of the earth  (1967)
Doctoral advisorTeddy Bullard

Early life edit

Born in Cheltenham, the son of an ear, nose, and throat surgeon,[1] he first attended Westminster Under School and later Westminster School, London.

Education and career edit

McKenzie attended King's College, Cambridge where he read physics, obtaining a 2:1 in his final degree.[1]

As a graduate student, he worked with Edward "Teddy" Bullard who suggested he work on the subject of thermodynamic variables. He was awarded a Research Fellowship at King's College at the beginning of his second year which enabled him to study anything he wanted. As such, he gave up doing what Teddy had suggested and became interested in how the interior of the earth convects, something completely speculative at that time. McKenzie taught himself fluid mechanics and then went to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, on the invitation of Freeman Gilbert and Walter Munk. After eight months he returned to Cambridge, submitting his PhD in 1966. He has since said that nothing in his early life as a scientist had such a profound effect on him as those eight months in California.[2]

Plate tectonics edit

Spending time between Cambridge and a Fellowship held in Caltech, McKenzie was invited, along with Teddy Bullard, to a conference in New York which initiated his revolutionary work on plate tectonics. After listening to separate talks from Fred Vine on plate tectonics,[3] looking at the thermal structure of oceanic plates as they formed and cooled.[1]

Following this, he published a seminal paper with Bob Parker,[4] which employed Euler's Fixed Point Theorem, in conjunction with magnetic anomalies and earthquakes to determine a precise mathematical theory on plate tectonics. This work was published some 3–4 months after the same work had been carried out by Jason Morgan at Princeton. Allegations were subsequently made suggesting that McKenzie was at Morgan's spring AGU talk where he presented his plate tectonics work.[1] Later in 1968 he went to Princeton where he found that he and Morgan had solved two or three problems using identical mathematics in exactly the same way – plate tectonics was one, another was the thermal structure of the oceans and another was looking at earthquake mechanisms in a different way to seismologists.[1]

Working with John Sclater, McKenzie determined the entire geological history of the Indian Ocean, the publication[5] of which eventually resulted in them both receiving Fellowships at the Royal Society.

Mantle convection and sedimentary basins edit

McKenzie was awarded a University position and took it up in 1969. At this point he decided to move away from plate tectonics, choosing instead to focus on the behavior of fluids below the plates. He studied cellular convection and motions in the mantle whilst at the same time pursuing yet another new avenue of research; the development of sedimentary basins. It was from this work that he produced a classic paper[6] that has been widely accepted by oil companies as the "McKenzie Model of Sedimentary Basins."[1]

McKenzie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976 aged just 34, and by 1978 was awarded a University Readership position.

Later career edit

McKenzie continues to work at the Bullard Laboratories in Cambridge where he is Professor of Earth Science. Most recently his research has provided new insights into the tectonic evolution of Mars and Venus. In 2002 he was awarded the prestigious Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for his contributions to research in the field of plate tectonics, sedimentary basin formation and mantle melting. With his appointment as a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2003, he brought the then current Cambridge membership of this elite group to four: Brenner, McKenzie, Hobsbawm and Hawking. He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2009 to 2011.

Selected bibliography edit

  • McKenzie, D., Nimmo, F., Jackson, J., Gans, P. B. & Miller, E. L. 2000 Characteristics and consequences of flow in the crust. J. geophys. Res. 105, 11029-11046.
  • McKenzie, D. & Fairhead, D. 1997 Estimates of the effective elastic thickness of the continental lithosphere from Bouguer and free air gravity anomalies. J. geophys. Res. 102 27523-27552.
  • White, R.; McKenzie, D. (1989). "Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts". Journal of Geophysical Research. 94: 7685–7729. Bibcode:1989JGR....94.7685W. doi:10.1029/JB094iB06p07685. S2CID 140181589.
  • Jackson, J. A. & McKenzie, D., 1988 The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors, and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 93, 45–73.
  • Bickle, M. J. & McKenzie, D., 1987 The transport of heat and matter by fluids during metamorphism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 95, 384–92.
  • McKenzie, D. & O'Nions, R. K., 1983 Mantle reservoirs and ocean island basalts. Nature 301 229–231.
  • England, P. & McKenzie, D., 1982 A thin viscous sheet model for continental deformation. Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 70, 295–321.
  • McKenzie, D. (1978). "Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 40 (1): 25–32. Bibcode:1978E&PSL..40...25M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.459.4779. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90071-7.
  • Parsons, B. & McKenzie, D., 1978 Mantle convection and the thermal structure of plates. J. geophys. Res. 83, 4485–96.
  • McKenzie, D., Roberts, J. & Weiss, N. O., 1974 Convection in the Earth's mantle: towards a numerical simulation. J. Fluid Mech., 62, 465–538.
  • McKenzie, D., Molnar, P. & Davies, D., 1970 Plate tectonics of the Red Sea and East Africa. Nature 226, 243–8.
  • McKenzie, D.; Sclater, J. G. (1971). "The Evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous". Geophysical Journal International. 24 (5): 437. Bibcode:1971GeoJ...24..437M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb02190.x.
  • McKenzie, D.; Parker, R. L. (1967). "The North Pacific: An Example of Tectonics on a Sphere". Nature. 216 (5122): 1276. Bibcode:1967Natur.216.1276M. doi:10.1038/2161276a0. S2CID 4193218.
  • McKenzie, D. (1966). "The viscosity of the lower mantle". Journal of Geophysical Research. 71 (16): 3995–4010. Bibcode:1966JGR....71.3995M. doi:10.1029/JZ071i016p03995.

Awards edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Macfarlane, A. & Harrison, S. (2007) "An interview with McKenzie". dspace.cam.ac.uk
  2. ^ American Geophysical Union.
  3. ^ McKenzie, D. (1966). "The viscosity of the lower mantle". Journal of Geophysical Research. 71 (16): 3995–4010. Bibcode:1966JGR....71.3995M. doi:10.1029/JZ071i016p03995.
  4. ^ McKenzie, D.; Parker, R. L. (1967). "The North Pacific: An Example of Tectonics on a Sphere". Nature. 216 (5122): 1276. Bibcode:1967Natur.216.1276M. doi:10.1038/2161276a0. S2CID 4193218.
  5. ^ McKenzie, D.; Sclater, J. G. (1971). "The Evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous". Geophysical Journal International. 24 (5): 437. Bibcode:1971GeoJ...24..437M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1971.tb02190.x.
  6. ^ McKenzie, D. (1978). "Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 40 (1): 25–32. Bibcode:1978E&PSL..40...25M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.459.4779. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90071-7.
  7. ^ a b c "Dan McKenzie | Royal Society". royalsociety.org. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  8. ^ Laureates of the Japan Prize. japanprize.jp

External links edit

  • interviewed by Alan Macfarlane, 11 May 2007 (video)
  • Listen to an oral history interview with Dan McKenzie 25 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine – a life story interview recorded for An Oral History of British Science 6 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine at the British Library
  • Dan Mckenzie and Friends 2011 (film)
  • Dan McKenzie at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

April 10, 2024
mckenzie, geophysicist, other, people, with, same, name, daniel, mckenzie, disambiguation, peter, mckenzie, born, february, 1942, professor, geophysics, university, cambridge, time, head, bullard, laboratories, cambridge, department, earth, sciences, wrote, fi. For other people with the same name see Daniel McKenzie disambiguation Dan Peter McKenzie CH FRS born 21 February 1942 is a Professor of Geophysics at the University of Cambridge and one time head of the Bullard Laboratories of the Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences He wrote the first paper defining the mathematical principles of plate tectonics on a sphere and his early work on mantle convection created the modern discussion of planetary interiors Dan McKenzieBorn 1942 02 21 21 February 1942 age 82 CheltenhamNationalityBritishAlma materKing s College Cambridge BA 1963 PhD 1966 AwardsA G Huntsman Award 1980 Balzan Prize 1981 Wollaston Medal 1983 Japan Prize 1990 Royal Medal 1991 Copley Medal 2011 William Bowie Medal 2001 Crafoord Prize 2002 Scientific careerFieldsGeophysicsInstitutionsUniversity of CambridgeThesisThe shape of the earth 1967 Doctoral advisorTeddy Bullard Contents 1 Early life 2 Education and career 2 1 Plate tectonics 2 2 Mantle convection and sedimentary basins 3 Later career 4 Selected bibliography 5 Awards 6 References 7 External linksEarly life editBorn in Cheltenham the son of an ear nose and throat surgeon 1 he first attended Westminster Under School and later Westminster School London Education and career editMcKenzie attended King s College Cambridge where he read physics obtaining a 2 1 in his final degree 1 As a graduate student he worked with Edward Teddy Bullard who suggested he work on the subject of thermodynamic variables He was awarded a Research Fellowship at King s College at the beginning of his second year which enabled him to study anything he wanted As such he gave up doing what Teddy had suggested and became interested in how the interior of the earth convects something completely speculative at that time McKenzie taught himself fluid mechanics and then went to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego on the invitation of Freeman Gilbert and Walter Munk After eight months he returned to Cambridge submitting his PhD in 1966 He has since said that nothing in his early life as a scientist had such a profound effect on him as those eight months in California 2 Plate tectonics edit Spending time between Cambridge and a Fellowship held in Caltech McKenzie was invited along with Teddy Bullard to a conference in New York which initiated his revolutionary work on plate tectonics After listening to separate talks from Fred Vine on plate tectonics 3 looking at the thermal structure of oceanic plates as they formed and cooled 1 Following this he published a seminal paper with Bob Parker 4 which employed Euler s Fixed Point Theorem in conjunction with magnetic anomalies and earthquakes to determine a precise mathematical theory on plate tectonics This work was published some 3 4 months after the same work had been carried out by Jason Morgan at Princeton Allegations were subsequently made suggesting that McKenzie was at Morgan s spring AGU talk where he presented his plate tectonics work 1 Later in 1968 he went to Princeton where he found that he and Morgan had solved two or three problems using identical mathematics in exactly the same way plate tectonics was one another was the thermal structure of the oceans and another was looking at earthquake mechanisms in a different way to seismologists 1 Working with John Sclater McKenzie determined the entire geological history of the Indian Ocean the publication 5 of which eventually resulted in them both receiving Fellowships at the Royal Society Mantle convection and sedimentary basins edit McKenzie was awarded a University position and took it up in 1969 At this point he decided to move away from plate tectonics choosing instead to focus on the behavior of fluids below the plates He studied cellular convection and motions in the mantle whilst at the same time pursuing yet another new avenue of research the development of sedimentary basins It was from this work that he produced a classic paper 6 that has been widely accepted by oil companies as the McKenzie Model of Sedimentary Basins 1 McKenzie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976 aged just 34 and by 1978 was awarded a University Readership position Later career editMcKenzie continues to work at the Bullard Laboratories in Cambridge where he is Professor of Earth Science Most recently his research has provided new insights into the tectonic evolution of Mars and Venus In 2002 he was awarded the prestigious Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for his contributions to research in the field of plate tectonics sedimentary basin formation and mantle melting With his appointment as a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2003 he brought the then current Cambridge membership of this elite group to four Brenner McKenzie Hobsbawm and Hawking He also served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2009 to 2011 Selected bibliography editMcKenzie D Nimmo F Jackson J Gans P B amp Miller E L 2000 Characteristics and consequences of flow in the crust J geophys Res 105 11029 11046 McKenzie D amp Fairhead D 1997 Estimates of the effective elastic thickness of the continental lithosphere from Bouguer and free air gravity anomalies J geophys Res 102 27523 27552 White R McKenzie D 1989 Magmatism at rift zones The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts Journal of Geophysical Research 94 7685 7729 Bibcode 1989JGR 94 7685W doi 10 1029 JB094iB06p07685 S2CID 140181589 Jackson J A amp McKenzie D 1988 The relationship between plate motions and seismic moment tensors and the rates of active deformation in the Mediterranean and Middle East Geophys J R astr Soc 93 45 73 Bickle M J amp McKenzie D 1987 The transport of heat and matter by fluids during metamorphism Contrib Mineral Petrol 95 384 92 McKenzie D amp O Nions R K 1983 Mantle reservoirs and ocean island basalts Nature 301 229 231 England P amp McKenzie D 1982 A thin viscous sheet model for continental deformation Geophys J R astr Soc 70 295 321 McKenzie D 1978 Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40 1 25 32 Bibcode 1978E amp PSL 40 25M CiteSeerX 10 1 1 459 4779 doi 10 1016 0012 821X 78 90071 7 Parsons B amp McKenzie D 1978 Mantle convection and the thermal structure of plates J geophys Res 83 4485 96 McKenzie D Roberts J amp Weiss N O 1974 Convection in the Earth s mantle towards a numerical simulation J Fluid Mech 62 465 538 McKenzie D Molnar P amp Davies D 1970 Plate tectonics of the Red Sea and East Africa Nature 226 243 8 McKenzie D Sclater J G 1971 The Evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous Geophysical Journal International 24 5 437 Bibcode 1971GeoJ 24 437M doi 10 1111 j 1365 246X 1971 tb02190 x McKenzie D Parker R L 1967 The North Pacific An Example of Tectonics on a Sphere Nature 216 5122 1276 Bibcode 1967Natur 216 1276M doi 10 1038 2161276a0 S2CID 4193218 McKenzie D 1966 The viscosity of the lower mantle Journal of Geophysical Research 71 16 3995 4010 Bibcode 1966JGR 71 3995M doi 10 1029 JZ071i016p03995 Awards editFellow of the Royal Society FRS 1976 7 A G Huntsman Award for Excellence in the Marine Sciences Royal Society of Canada 1980 Wollaston Medal Geological Society of London 1983 Rutherford Memorial Lecture 1988 Japan Prize with Dr W Jason Morgan and Dr Xavier Le Pichon 1990 8 Awarded a Royal Society Research Professorship 1996 Awarded an Honorary DSc from the University of Bristol 2000 William Bowie Medal 2001 Crafoord Prize Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2002 7 Appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II 2003 Copley Medal 2011 7 References edit a b c d e f Macfarlane A amp Harrison S 2007 An interview with McKenzie dspace cam ac uk American Geophysical Union McKenzie Receives 2001 William Bowie Medal McKenzie D 1966 The viscosity of the lower mantle Journal of Geophysical Research 71 16 3995 4010 Bibcode 1966JGR 71 3995M doi 10 1029 JZ071i016p03995 McKenzie D Parker R L 1967 The North Pacific An Example of Tectonics on a Sphere Nature 216 5122 1276 Bibcode 1967Natur 216 1276M doi 10 1038 2161276a0 S2CID 4193218 McKenzie D Sclater J G 1971 The Evolution of the Indian Ocean since the Late Cretaceous Geophysical Journal International 24 5 437 Bibcode 1971GeoJ 24 437M doi 10 1111 j 1365 246X 1971 tb02190 x McKenzie D 1978 Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins Earth and Planetary Science Letters 40 1 25 32 Bibcode 1978E amp PSL 40 25M CiteSeerX 10 1 1 459 4779 doi 10 1016 0012 821X 78 90071 7 a b c Dan McKenzie Royal Society royalsociety org Retrieved 12 June 2021 Laureates of the Japan Prize japanprize jpExternal links editPersonal web page at the Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 11 May 2007 video McKenzie Receives 2001 William Bowie Medal American Geophysical Union Listen to an oral history interview with Dan McKenzie Archived 25 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine a life story interview recorded for An Oral History of British Science Archived 6 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine at the British Library Dan Mckenzie and Friends 2011 film Dan McKenzie at the Mathematics Genealogy Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dan McKenzie geophysicist amp oldid 1210122445, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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