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Dawah

Daʿwah (Arabic: دعوة, Arabic: [ˈdæʕwæh], "invitation", also spelt dâvah, daawa, dawah, daawah or dakwah[1][2][3]) is the act of inviting people to Islam. The plural is daʿwāt (دَعْوات) or daʿawāt (دَعَوات).

For certain groups within Islam like the Salafis and Jamaat-e-Islami, daʿwah is also considered a political activity. For these groups, the aim of daʿwah outreach is also to engineer a reversal of what they perceive as the decline of Islam in the modern era, through the systematic propagation of Islamist ideology and ultimately enable the establishment of an Islamic state.[4]

Etymology edit

Daʿwah [ˈdæʕwæh] literally means "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation". Grammatically, the word represents a gerund of a verb with the triconsonantal root d-ʕ-w (د-ع-و) meaning variously "to summon" or "to invite". A Muslim who practices daʿwah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is called a dāʿī (داعي, plural duʿāh دعاة [dʊˈʕæː]).

A dāʿī, is a person who invites people to understand and accept Islam through dialogue and other techniques, may be regarded as a missionary inviting people to the faith, prayer and manner of Islamic life.[5]

Early Islam edit

The term daʿwah has other senses in the Qur'an. In sura (chapter) 30:25, for example, it denotes the call to the dead to rise on the Day of Judgment. When used in the Qur'an, it generally refers to Allah's invitation to live according to His will. Thus, when used in the first centuries of Islam, it usually referred to that message and was sometimes used interchangeably with sharī‘a and dīn.

Daʿwah is also described as the duty to "actively encourage fellow Muslims in the pursuance of greater piety in all aspects of their lives", a definition which has become central to contemporary Islamic thought.[6]

During Muhammad's era edit

During the Expedition of Al Raji in 625,[7] Muhammad sent some men as missionaries to various different tribes. Some men came to Muhammad and requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam,[7] but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah, who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan (Chief of the Banu Lahyan tribe) by Muhammad's followers.[8] A number of missionaries were killed in this expedition, either eight[7] or, according to another account, ten.[9]

Then during the Expedition of Bir Maona in July 625[10] Muhammad sent some missionaries at the request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe,[11] but the Muslims were again killed in revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers.[8] 70 Muslims were killed during this expedition.[11]

During the Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) in January 630,[12] Muhammad sent Khalid ibn Walid to invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam.[13] This is mentioned in the Sunni Hadith Sahih al-Bukhari, .[14]

Mus'ab ibn 'Umair was the first Muslim envoy in September 621.[15][16] He was sent to Yathrib (now Medina) to teach the people the doctrines of Islam and give them guidance.[16]

Post-Muhammad edit

After Muhammad's death in 632, from the available historical evidence, it appears that after Muhammad's death Muslims did not immediately embark upon daʿwah activities—during and after the rapid conquests of the Byzantine and Persian lands, they ventured little if at all to preach to local non-Muslims. Daʿwah came into wider usage almost a hundred years after Muhammad's death, in the wake of 'Abbasid propaganda against the then ruling Umayyad clan in the 720s. However, the 'Abbasid daʿwah ceased as soon as the 'Abbasids were in power—a fact that attests to its political nature. Daʿwah as a truly missionary activity, albeit still within the Muslim Ummah, appeared in the form of the Isma'ili daʿwah of the 9th through 13th centuries. Isma'ilis, in many ways, can be seen as the pioneers of the organized Muslim missionary activities: their highly institutionalized and sophisticated daʿwah structure has hardly been repeated until today. Moreover, for the Isma'ilis, daʿwah was a state priority. The Isma'ili daʿwah encompassed extra- and intra-ummatic forms and blended both theology and politics.[17]

Purpose edit

In Islamic theology, the purpose of daʿwah is to invite people, Muslims and non-Muslims, to understand the worship of God as expressed in the Qur'an and the sunnah of Muhammad and to inform them about Muhammad.[18]

Daʿwah as the "Call towards God" is the means by which Muhammad began spreading the message of the Qur'an to mankind. After Muhammad, his followers and the Ummah (Muslim community) assumed responsibility for it.[6] They convey the message of the Qur'an by providing information on why and how the Qur'an preaches monotheism.[19] Muhammad saw Islam as the true religion and mission of all earlier prophets. He believed that their call had been limited to their own people but that his was universal. His mission as the final prophet was to repeat to the whole world this call and invitation (daʿwah) to Islam. Muhammad wrote to various non-Muslim rulers, inviting them to convert.[20]

Scriptural basis edit

The importance of daʿwah has been emphasised many times in the Quran:

Who is better in speech than one who calls to Allah, does righteous deeds and says indeed I am among the Muslims.

— Quran, Sura 41 (HAA-meem-as-sajdah), ayah 33[21]

You are the best nation raised up for humankind. You enjoin righteousness, forbid corruption and you believe in Allah.

— Quran, Sura 3 (Al-Imran), ayah 110[22]

Let there arise among you a group inviting to all that is good, enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil. Those are the successful ones.

— Quran, Sura 3 (Al-Imran), ayah 104[23]

Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good preaching.

— Quran, Sura 16 (An-Nahl), ayah 125[24]

In the Hadith ("sayings") of Muhammad, daʿwah is mentioned to emphasise importance and virtues:

"Whoever directs someone to do good will gain the same reward as the one who does good."[25]
"Whoever calls to guidance will receive the same reward as the one who follows him without any decrease in the reward of his follower."[26]
"For Allah to guide someone by your hand is better for you than having red camels."[27]
(In ancient Arabia, camels – especially of a reddish hue – were considered particularly valuable property.)
"Convey from me, even if it be only a single verse."[28]

Muhammad sent Muadh ibn Jabal to Yemen and told him "You will be going to Christians and Jews, so the first thing you should invite them to is the assertion of the oneness of Allah, Most High. If they realize that, then inform them that Allah has made five daily prayers obligatory on them. If they pray them, then inform them that Allah has made the payment of charity from their wealth obligatory on their rich to be given to their poor. If they accept that, then take it from them and avoid the best part of people's property."[29]

Methods edit

Gentleness edit

With regard to Muhammad's mild nature in preaching Islam, the Quran says:

And by the mercy of Allah you dealt with them gently. If you were harsh and hardhearted, they would have fled from around you. (Quran 3:159).

The Quran says about Moses and Aaron who preached to Pharaoh, the claimant of God:

So speak to him, both of you, mildly in order that he may reflect or fear God. (Quran 20:44).

Muhammad was reported by his wife, Aisha to have said "Whenever gentleness is in a thing, it beautifies it, and whenever it is withdrawn from something, it defaces."[30]

Muhammad was quoted by Jareer as saying,"One deprived of gentleness is deprived of all good."[31]

Influence in politics edit

Muslims made it a part of their political theory (through relating daʿwah to jihad) and life (using the concept of daʿwah in their political agendas). Taken in general, the intertwining of daʿwah and politics, then, has been a feature throughout the Muslim history, though practical implications of this have been different in different ages.[32]

Wisdom edit

"Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way, and He is most knowing of who is [rightly] guided ...". (Quran 16:125).

A classical example of diversion in daʿwah can be seen in the case of Yusuf in prison when two prisoners asked him to interpret their dreams. One of them said: "I saw myself pressing wine." The other said: "I saw myself carrying bread on my head and birds were eating from it." They asked: "Inform us of the interpretation of these things. Indeed, we believe you are one of the righteous." He replied: "Whenever food came to you as your provision, I informed you about it before it came. That is from what my Lord has taught me.... As for one of you, he will pour wine for his lord to drink, and as for the other, he will be crucified and birds will eat from his head. This is the case judged concerning which you both inquire." (Quran 12:35–41)

Speaking a common language edit

"I did not send any messenger except that he spoke the language of his people to explain to them." (Quran 14:4)

Location edit

Doing daʿwah in the right location. For example, Mount Safa in the time of Muhammad was used for announcements. So Muhammad went there to make his point. He chose that particular location because he knew the people who he was inviting to Islam. He knew their nature and characteristics, so he chose Mount Safa. He climbed up to its summit and addressed his people saying: "O people of Quraysh, if I were to tell you there was an army behind this hill would you listen to me?"[33]

Daʿwah training edit

Various Islamic institutions provide elaborate manuals, trainings and workshops to daʿi to prepare them for successful daʿwah.

Daʿwah manual edit

Daʿwah manuals, booklets or guides are training material that give a framework and methodology for a daʿi to invite non-Muslims to accept and convert to Islam.[34][35] The manuals present detailed guidance on how to carry out dialogue, various techniques and detailed steps of implementing daʿwah for non-muslim individual or collective audiences as well as socio-religious groups like atheists, Buddhists, Christians, Hindus etc.[36][34]

Trainings and workshops edit

Daʿis are given trainings in the form of physical workshops and training sessions.[37][38] Daʿwah trainings are also provided in the form of online video lessons, webinars, online discussion forums, handouts and quizzes.[35]

Movements edit

Modern daʿwah movements are varied in their objectives and activities. Examples include:

  • The Muslim Brotherhood has focused on a methodology of building grassroots institutions and funding welfare projects, which has helped it survive decades of repression under hostile governments in many Middle Eastern countries, with the group and its many offshoots still enjoying popular support and power.[39][40]
  • Jamaat-e-Islami has focused on presenting Islam as a complete way of life and on the methodology of building grassroots institutions and funding welfare projects.
  • Tablighi Jamaat works on trying to bring the Muslims back to the fundamental practices of Islam such as worship; they do this by encouraging members to speak and to teach them the virtues of good actions. The movement has a following of between 20 and 80 million people and, though it originated in India, now has a global following.[41]
  • Ahmed Deedat was a notable debater who was a revolutionary figure among Muslims for his effort in debating Christian polemics. Many Muslim debaters from popular debaters to grassroots daʿwah campaigners use his books and videos as reference material.[42][43]
  • Zakir Naik was a student of Ahmed Deedat and followed in his teacher's footsteps by debating Christian polemics and by holding Q&A sessions with Christians. Zakir Naik is particularly notable for taking the effort of debating Christian polemics to the Muslim mainstream with his popular channel Peace TV.[44]
  • iERA is a research institute based in London which seeks to debate Muslim and non-Muslim intellectuals, help new Muslims, train speakers and produce academic research papers on daʿwah issues.[45] iERA was founded by Abdurraheem Green (Anthony Green) and Yusuf Chambers, British converts to Islam. It developed the GORAP method for daʿwah: God’s Oneness, Revelation and Prophethood. GORAP is a framework for holding daʿwah conversations and conveying the message of Islam in stages.
  • Hikmah Times of Singapore there is a significant impact of the Islamic daʿwah movement. There are many local/international organisations (e.g. Hikmah Times).
  • The Murabitun World Movement is a movement in Spain that advocates pledging allegiance to an emir and the revival of the Islamic gold dinar as currency for zakat.
  • Discover Islam Centre[46] established in Cape Town, South Africa, 2005 by Dr Abdullah Hakim Quick from Canada. Conveying the message of Islam to people of all walks of life. Building bridges in communities through knowledge, breaking down misconceptions about Islam. Offering classes to Non Muslims and New Muslims to learn more about the fundamentals of Islam.
  • Uplift Dawah[47] is a Dawah non-profit based in Seattle, Washington with chapters in Seattle and Africa.
  • Northwest Dawah Foundation[48] is a daʿwah non-profit based in Portland, Oregon with activities in Southwest Washington and Oregon.
  • Al Furqaaan Foundation[49] is a daʿwah non-profit based in Chicago which focuses on distributing Qur'an through partner daʿwah organizations across the United States.
  • Youth Club[50] a non-profit, non-sectarian, non-political organization, which provides a unique platform for the youth and provides them avenues to channel their potential in accordance with Islamic values. Since its inception in 2011, Youth Club is working to create well-balanced individuals, who are not only skilled in their respective fields but also recognize and fulfil their religious obligations and participate actively in their communities.
  • The Latino American Dawah Organization is a grassroots organization founded in 1997 to propagate Islam within the Hispanic American community. LADO frequently makes references to the history of Islamic Spain in their works.

Methods may also depend upon specific creeds. For instance, among Ismailis, al-Naysaburi's Code of Conduct depicts the values in which dais should spread the word of Islam to Muslims and non-Muslims.[51] Idris Imad al-Din's work presents us with an indigenous account of the traditions of the daʿwa in Yaman. His account of the NizariMusta'li succession dispute reflects the official view of the Tayyibis.[52] Similarly, modern-day platforms designated for open-air public speaking in the western world also provide platforms for debate between different denominations in Islam, with documented instances of dialogue being reported between demographics such as Quranists and Mahdi'ist based creeds such as Mahdavia.[53]

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ "Dâvah nedir?, Dâvah anlamı nedir?, Dâvah ne demektir?".
  2. ^ "Dakwah (Malaysia)". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  3. ^ Kahin, Audrey (2015). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 112. ISBN 9780810874565.
  4. ^ Weidl, Nina (14 December 2009). "Dawa and the Islamist Revival in the West". Hudson Institute. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Oxford Islamic Studies Online". Oxfordislamicstudies.com. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2012-09-19.
  6. ^ a b See entry for daʿwah in the Encyclopaedia of Islam.
  7. ^ a b c . June 23, 2011. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ a b Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0195773071. The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors. (online)
  9. ^ Hawarey, Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 9789957051648.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available
  10. ^ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 978-0887063442, Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah
  11. ^ a b Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. ()
  12. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  13. ^ William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 135.
  14. ^ Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih Al-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.
  15. ^ UNESCO (2012). Different Aspects of Islamic Culture: Vol.3: The Spread of Islam Throughout the World Volume 3 of Different aspects of Islamic culture. UNESCO, 2012. p. 51. ISBN 9789231041532. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  16. ^ a b Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri (2002). Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtūm. Darussalam, 2002. pp. 187, 338–. ISBN 9789960899558. Retrieved 7 August 2012. Note: Author says it happened before the Second pledge at al-Aqabah which happened in 622. Therefore this event happened in 621
  17. ^ [Racius, Egdunas. "Blending of Politics and the Islamic Da'Wa." Politologija.2 (2005): 91–122. ProQuest. Web. 5 Dec. 2016.]
  18. ^ "Daʿwah produces converts to Islam, which in turn [increases] the size of the Muslim Ummah [community of Muslims]."
  19. ^ See, for example, Qur'an ayat (verses) 6:19 and 16:36.
  20. ^ [Sookhdeo Patrick, and Murray, Douglas. 2014. Dawa: The Islamic Strategy for Reshaping the Modern World. Isaac Publishing.]
  21. ^ Quran 41:33 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  22. ^ Quran 3:110 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  23. ^ Quran 3:104 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  24. ^ Quran 16:125 (Translated by Yusuf Ali)
  25. ^ Sahih Muslim, vol. 3, p. 1050, #4665.
  26. ^ Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p. 1406, #6470.
  27. ^ Sahih Al Bukhari, vol. 4, pp. 156–7, #253.
  28. ^ Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 4, p. 442, #667.
  29. ^ Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 9, pp. 348–9, #469 and Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, p. 15, #28.
  30. ^ Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 4, p. 1370, no. 6274.
  31. ^ Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol. 4, p. 1370, #6270.
  32. ^ Racius, Egdunas. "Blending of Politics and the Islamic Da'Wa." Politologija.2 (2005): 91–122. ProQuest. Web. 5 Dec. 2016.
  33. ^ Philips, Bilal. Dawah Training Program.
  34. ^ a b "The Methodology of Dawah Manual & Method". Just Dawah. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  35. ^ a b "Share Islam with confidence - Learn how to share Islam with our free online course". iERA. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  36. ^ Sultan, Dr. Talat (October 2016). "Book Review: Manual of Dawah for Islamic Workers". The Message International. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  37. ^ . British Muslim Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  38. ^ Malik, Adeel (14 February 2019). . Muslim Council of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  39. ^ 32,000 Muslim Brothers Detained Under Old Regime Emergency Law. Ikhwanweb (2012-06-02). Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
  40. ^ The Cutting Edge News. The Cutting Edge News (2011-04-18). Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
  41. ^ Timol, Riyaz (14 October 2019). "Structures of Organisation and Loci of Authority in a Glocal Islamic Movement: The Tablighi Jama'at in Britain". Religions. 10 (10): 573. doi:10.3390/rel10100573.
  42. ^ E-Books. IPCI. Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
  43. ^ Ahmed Deedat. Peacetv.tv (2005-08-08). Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
  44. ^ [1] September 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ Islamic Education and Research Academy. iERA. Retrieved on 2014-03-23.
  46. ^ "Discover Islam". www.discoverislam.co.za. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  47. ^ Humble, Naveed. "Home". Uplift Dawah.
  48. ^ Al-Amreeki, Nasir. "Home". Northwest Dawah Foundation.
  49. ^ . Archived from the original on 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  50. ^ "Home". Youth Club. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  51. ^ [lemm, Verena, and Walker, Paul E. 2011. Code of Conduct: A Treatise on Etiquette of the Fatimid Ismaili Mission. I.B. Tauris.
  52. ^ Farah, Caesar E. "The Fatmids and their Successors in Yemen: The History of an Islamic Community." Domes 12.2 (2003): 100. ProQuest. Web. 3 Dec. 2016.
  53. ^ Abdullahi, Aminu A. "A Season of Monotheism: Muslim response to humanist cyberactivism in Northern Nigeria." (2020)

References edit

  • Encyclopaedia of Islam, Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, OCLC 399624
  • Hirschkind, Charles (2004). "Civic Virtue and Religious Reason: An Islamic Counter-Public" in Drobnick, Jim Aural Cultures. ISBN 0-920397-80-8.
  • The Multiple Nature of the Islamic Da'wa 2016-05-29 at the Wayback Machine, Egdūnas Račius, Academic Dissertation, October 2004. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Asian and African Studies.
  • Klemm, Verena, and Walker, Paul E. 2011. Code of Conduct: A Treatise on Etiquette of the Fatimid Ismaili Mission. I.B. Tauris.
  • Saqr, Abdul B. How to Call People to Islam, Trans. Shakil Ahmed. Riyahd: WAMY.
  • Sookhdeo Patrick, and Murray, Douglas. 2014. Dawa: The Islamic Strategy for Reshaping the Modern World. Isaac Publishing.

External links edit

  • The Tools of the Daa’ie
  • Dawah Resoucre Hub

dawah, other, uses, dawa, daʿwah, arabic, دعوة, arabic, ˈdæʕwæh, invitation, also, spelt, dâvah, daawa, dawah, daawah, dakwah, inviting, people, islam, plural, daʿwāt, وات, daʿawāt, وات, certain, groups, within, islam, like, salafis, jamaat, islami, daʿwah, al. For other uses see Dawa Daʿwah Arabic دعوة Arabic ˈdaeʕwaeh invitation also spelt davah daawa dawah daawah or dakwah 1 2 3 is the act of inviting people to Islam The plural is daʿwat د ع وات or daʿawat د ع وات For certain groups within Islam like the Salafis and Jamaat e Islami daʿwah is also considered a political activity For these groups the aim of daʿwah outreach is also to engineer a reversal of what they perceive as the decline of Islam in the modern era through the systematic propagation of Islamist ideology and ultimately enable the establishment of an Islamic state 4 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Early Islam 3 During Muhammad s era 3 1 Post Muhammad 4 Purpose 5 Scriptural basis 6 Methods 6 1 Gentleness 6 2 Influence in politics 6 3 Wisdom 6 4 Speaking a common language 6 5 Location 7 Daʿwah training 7 1 Daʿwah manual 7 2 Trainings and workshops 8 Movements 9 See also 10 Footnotes 11 References 12 External linksEtymology editDaʿwah ˈdaeʕwaeh literally means issuing a summons or making an invitation Grammatically the word represents a gerund of a verb with the triconsonantal root d ʕ w د ع و meaning variously to summon or to invite A Muslim who practices daʿwah either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort is called a daʿi داعي plural duʿah دعاة dʊˈʕaeː A daʿi is a person who invites people to understand and accept Islam through dialogue and other techniques may be regarded as a missionary inviting people to the faith prayer and manner of Islamic life 5 Early Islam editThe term daʿwah has other senses in the Qur an In sura chapter 30 25 for example it denotes the call to the dead to rise on the Day of Judgment When used in the Qur an it generally refers to Allah s invitation to live according to His will Thus when used in the first centuries of Islam it usually referred to that message and was sometimes used interchangeably with shari a and din Daʿwah is also described as the duty to actively encourage fellow Muslims in the pursuance of greater piety in all aspects of their lives a definition which has become central to contemporary Islamic thought 6 During Muhammad s era editMain article List of expeditions of Muhammad During the Expedition of Al Raji in 625 7 Muhammad sent some men as missionaries to various different tribes Some men came to Muhammad and requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam 7 but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan Chief of the Banu Lahyan tribe by Muhammad s followers 8 A number of missionaries were killed in this expedition either eight 7 or according to another account ten 9 Then during the Expedition of Bir Maona in July 625 10 Muhammad sent some missionaries at the request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe 11 but the Muslims were again killed in revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad s followers 8 70 Muslims were killed during this expedition 11 During the Expedition of Khalid ibn al Walid Banu Jadhimah in January 630 12 Muhammad sent Khalid ibn Walid to invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam 13 This is mentioned in the Sunni Hadith Sahih al Bukhari 5 59 628 14 Mus ab ibn Umair was the first Muslim envoy in September 621 15 16 He was sent to Yathrib now Medina to teach the people the doctrines of Islam and give them guidance 16 Post Muhammad edit After Muhammad s death in 632 from the available historical evidence it appears that after Muhammad s death Muslims did not immediately embark upon daʿwah activities during and after the rapid conquests of the Byzantine and Persian lands they ventured little if at all to preach to local non Muslims Daʿwah came into wider usage almost a hundred years after Muhammad s death in the wake of Abbasid propaganda against the then ruling Umayyad clan in the 720s However the Abbasid daʿwah ceased as soon as the Abbasids were in power a fact that attests to its political nature Daʿwah as a truly missionary activity albeit still within the Muslim Ummah appeared in the form of the Isma ili daʿwah of the 9th through 13th centuries Isma ilis in many ways can be seen as the pioneers of the organized Muslim missionary activities their highly institutionalized and sophisticated daʿwah structure has hardly been repeated until today Moreover for the Isma ilis daʿwah was a state priority The Isma ili daʿwah encompassed extra and intra ummatic forms and blended both theology and politics 17 Purpose editIn Islamic theology the purpose of daʿwah is to invite people Muslims and non Muslims to understand the worship of God as expressed in the Qur an and the sunnah of Muhammad and to inform them about Muhammad 18 Daʿwah as the Call towards God is the means by which Muhammad began spreading the message of the Qur an to mankind After Muhammad his followers and the Ummah Muslim community assumed responsibility for it 6 They convey the message of the Qur an by providing information on why and how the Qur an preaches monotheism 19 Muhammad saw Islam as the true religion and mission of all earlier prophets He believed that their call had been limited to their own people but that his was universal His mission as the final prophet was to repeat to the whole world this call and invitation daʿwah to Islam Muhammad wrote to various non Muslim rulers inviting them to convert 20 Scriptural basis editThe importance of daʿwah has been emphasised many times in the Quran Who is better in speech than one who calls to Allah does righteous deeds and says indeed I am among the Muslims Quran Sura 41 HAA meem as sajdah ayah 33 21 You are the best nation raised up for humankind You enjoin righteousness forbid corruption and you believe in Allah Quran Sura 3 Al Imran ayah 110 22 Let there arise among you a group inviting to all that is good enjoining righteousness and forbidding evil Those are the successful ones Quran Sura 3 Al Imran ayah 104 23 Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good preaching Quran Sura 16 An Nahl ayah 125 24 In the Hadith sayings of Muhammad daʿwah is mentioned to emphasise importance and virtues Whoever directs someone to do good will gain the same reward as the one who does good 25 Whoever calls to guidance will receive the same reward as the one who follows him without any decrease in the reward of his follower 26 For Allah to guide someone by your hand is better for you than having red camels 27 In ancient Arabia camels especially of a reddish hue were considered particularly valuable property Convey from me even if it be only a single verse 28 Muhammad sent Muadh ibn Jabal to Yemen and told him You will be going to Christians and Jews so the first thing you should invite them to is the assertion of the oneness of Allah Most High If they realize that then inform them that Allah has made five daily prayers obligatory on them If they pray them then inform them that Allah has made the payment of charity from their wealth obligatory on their rich to be given to their poor If they accept that then take it from them and avoid the best part of people s property 29 Methods editGentleness edit With regard to Muhammad s mild nature in preaching Islam the Quran says And by the mercy of Allah you dealt with them gently If you were harsh and hardhearted they would have fled from around you Quran 3 159 The Quran says about Moses and Aaron who preached to Pharaoh the claimant of God So speak to him both of you mildly in order that he may reflect or fear God Quran 20 44 Muhammad was reported by his wife Aisha to have said Whenever gentleness is in a thing it beautifies it and whenever it is withdrawn from something it defaces 30 Muhammad was quoted by Jareer as saying One deprived of gentleness is deprived of all good 31 Influence in politics edit Muslims made it a part of their political theory through relating daʿwah to jihad and life using the concept of daʿwah in their political agendas Taken in general the intertwining of daʿwah and politics then has been a feature throughout the Muslim history though practical implications of this have been different in different ages 32 Wisdom edit Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction and argue with them in a way that is best Indeed your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way and He is most knowing of who is rightly guided Quran 16 125 A classical example of diversion in daʿwah can be seen in the case of Yusuf in prison when two prisoners asked him to interpret their dreams One of them said I saw myself pressing wine The other said I saw myself carrying bread on my head and birds were eating from it They asked Inform us of the interpretation of these things Indeed we believe you are one of the righteous He replied Whenever food came to you as your provision I informed you about it before it came That is from what my Lord has taught me As for one of you he will pour wine for his lord to drink and as for the other he will be crucified and birds will eat from his head This is the case judged concerning which you both inquire Quran 12 35 41 Speaking a common language edit I did not send any messenger except that he spoke the language of his people to explain to them Quran 14 4 Location edit Doing daʿwah in the right location For example Mount Safa in the time of Muhammad was used for announcements So Muhammad went there to make his point He chose that particular location because he knew the people who he was inviting to Islam He knew their nature and characteristics so he chose Mount Safa He climbed up to its summit and addressed his people saying O people of Quraysh if I were to tell you there was an army behind this hill would you listen to me 33 Daʿwah training editVarious Islamic institutions provide elaborate manuals trainings and workshops to daʿi to prepare them for successful daʿwah Daʿwah manual edit Daʿwah manuals booklets or guides are training material that give a framework and methodology for a daʿi to invite non Muslims to accept and convert to Islam 34 35 The manuals present detailed guidance on how to carry out dialogue various techniques and detailed steps of implementing daʿwah for non muslim individual or collective audiences as well as socio religious groups like atheists Buddhists Christians Hindus etc 36 34 Trainings and workshops edit Daʿis are given trainings in the form of physical workshops and training sessions 37 38 Daʿwah trainings are also provided in the form of online video lessons webinars online discussion forums handouts and quizzes 35 Movements editModern daʿwah movements are varied in their objectives and activities Examples include The Muslim Brotherhood has focused on a methodology of building grassroots institutions and funding welfare projects which has helped it survive decades of repression under hostile governments in many Middle Eastern countries with the group and its many offshoots still enjoying popular support and power 39 40 Jamaat e Islami has focused on presenting Islam as a complete way of life and on the methodology of building grassroots institutions and funding welfare projects Tablighi Jamaat works on trying to bring the Muslims back to the fundamental practices of Islam such as worship they do this by encouraging members to speak and to teach them the virtues of good actions The movement has a following of between 20 and 80 million people and though it originated in India now has a global following 41 Ahmed Deedat was a notable debater who was a revolutionary figure among Muslims for his effort in debating Christian polemics Many Muslim debaters from popular debaters to grassroots daʿwah campaigners use his books and videos as reference material 42 43 Zakir Naik was a student of Ahmed Deedat and followed in his teacher s footsteps by debating Christian polemics and by holding Q amp A sessions with Christians Zakir Naik is particularly notable for taking the effort of debating Christian polemics to the Muslim mainstream with his popular channel Peace TV 44 iERA is a research institute based in London which seeks to debate Muslim and non Muslim intellectuals help new Muslims train speakers and produce academic research papers on daʿwah issues 45 iERA was founded by Abdurraheem Green Anthony Green and Yusuf Chambers British converts to Islam It developed the GORAP method for daʿwah God s Oneness Revelation and Prophethood GORAP is a framework for holding daʿwah conversations and conveying the message of Islam in stages Hikmah Times of Singapore there is a significant impact of the Islamic daʿwah movement There are many local international organisations e g Hikmah Times The Murabitun World Movement is a movement in Spain that advocates pledging allegiance to an emir and the revival of the Islamic gold dinar as currency for zakat Discover Islam Centre 46 established in Cape Town South Africa 2005 by Dr Abdullah Hakim Quick from Canada Conveying the message of Islam to people of all walks of life Building bridges in communities through knowledge breaking down misconceptions about Islam Offering classes to Non Muslims and New Muslims to learn more about the fundamentals of Islam Uplift Dawah 47 is a Dawah non profit based in Seattle Washington with chapters in Seattle and Africa Northwest Dawah Foundation 48 is a daʿwah non profit based in Portland Oregon with activities in Southwest Washington and Oregon Al Furqaaan Foundation 49 is a daʿwah non profit based in Chicago which focuses on distributing Qur an through partner daʿwah organizations across the United States Youth Club 50 a non profit non sectarian non political organization which provides a unique platform for the youth and provides them avenues to channel their potential in accordance with Islamic values Since its inception in 2011 Youth Club is working to create well balanced individuals who are not only skilled in their respective fields but also recognize and fulfil their religious obligations and participate actively in their communities The Latino American Dawah Organization is a grassroots organization founded in 1997 to propagate Islam within the Hispanic American community LADO frequently makes references to the history of Islamic Spain in their works Methods may also depend upon specific creeds For instance among Ismailis al Naysaburi s Code of Conduct depicts the values in which dais should spread the word of Islam to Muslims and non Muslims 51 Idris Imad al Din s work presents us with an indigenous account of the traditions of the daʿwa in Yaman His account of the Nizari Musta li succession dispute reflects the official view of the Tayyibis 52 Similarly modern day platforms designated for open air public speaking in the western world also provide platforms for debate between different denominations in Islam with documented instances of dialogue being reported between demographics such as Quranists and Mahdi ist based creeds such as Mahdavia 53 See also edit nbsp Islam portalSpread of Islam Islamic missionary activity JizyahFootnotes edit Davah nedir Davah anlami nedir Davah ne demektir Dakwah Malaysia Oxford Islamic Studies Online Retrieved 2 November 2018 Kahin Audrey 2015 Historical Dictionary of Indonesia Rowman amp Littlefield p 112 ISBN 9780810874565 Weidl Nina 14 December 2009 Dawa and the Islamist Revival in the West Hudson Institute Retrieved 17 October 2020 Oxford Islamic Studies Online Oxfordislamicstudies com 2008 05 06 Retrieved 2012 09 19 a b See entry for daʿwah in the Encyclopaedia of Islam a b c Military Platoons and Missions between the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Confederates June 23 2011 Archived from the original on June 23 2011 Retrieved June 26 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Watt W Montgomery 1956 Muhammad at Medina Oxford University Press p 33 ISBN 978 0195773071 The common version however is that B Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad s instigation and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors online Hawarey Mosab 2010 The Journey of Prophecy Days of Peace and War Arabic Islamic Book Trust ISBN 9789957051648 Note Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic English translation available here Tabari Al 2008 The foundation of the community State University of New York Press p 151 ISBN 978 0887063442 Then in Safar which began July 13 625 four months after Uhud he sent out the men of Bi r Ma unah a b Mubarakpuri The Sealed Nectar p 188 online Abu Khalil Shawqi 1 March 2004 Atlas of the Prophet s biography places nations landmarks Dar us Salam p 226 ISBN 978 9960897714 William Muir The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira Volume 4 p 135 Muhsin Khan The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih Al Bukhari Arabic English Volume 5 p 440 UNESCO 2012 Different Aspects of Islamic Culture Vol 3 The Spread of Islam Throughout the World Volume 3 of Different aspects of Islamic culture UNESCO 2012 p 51 ISBN 9789231041532 Retrieved 9 August 2012 a b Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri 2002 Ar Raheeq Al Makhtum Darussalam 2002 pp 187 338 ISBN 9789960899558 Retrieved 7 August 2012 Note Author says it happened before the Second pledge at al Aqabah which happened in 622 Therefore this event happened in 621 Racius Egdunas Blending of Politics and the Islamic Da Wa Politologija 2 2005 91 122 ProQuest Web 5 Dec 2016 Daʿwah produces converts to Islam which in turn increases the size of the Muslim Ummah community of Muslims See for example Qur an ayat verses 6 19 and 16 36 Sookhdeo Patrick and Murray Douglas 2014 Dawa The Islamic Strategy for Reshaping the Modern World Isaac Publishing Quran 41 33 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 3 110 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 3 104 Translated by Yusuf Ali Quran 16 125 Translated by Yusuf Ali Sahih Muslim vol 3 p 1050 4665 Sahih Muslim vol 4 p 1406 6470 Sahih Al Bukhari vol 4 pp 156 7 253 Sahih Al Bukhari vol 4 p 442 667 Sahih Al Bukhari vol 9 pp 348 9 469 and Sahih Muslim vol 1 p 15 28 Sahih Al Bukhari vol 4 p 1370 no 6274 Sahih Al Bukhari vol 4 p 1370 6270 Racius Egdunas Blending of Politics and the Islamic Da Wa Politologija 2 2005 91 122 ProQuest Web 5 Dec 2016 Philips Bilal Dawah Training Program a b The Methodology of Dawah Manual amp Method Just Dawah Retrieved 16 October 2020 a b Share Islam with confidence Learn how to share Islam with our free online course iERA Retrieved 16 October 2020 Sultan Dr Talat October 2016 Book Review Manual of Dawah for Islamic Workers The Message International Retrieved 16 October 2020 The Dawah Training Workshop British Muslim Heritage Centre Archived from the original on 17 October 2020 Retrieved 16 October 2020 Malik Adeel 14 February 2019 Dawah Training Workshops Muslim Council of Hong Kong Archived from the original on 30 October 2020 Retrieved 16 October 2020 32 000 Muslim Brothers Detained Under Old Regime Emergency Law Ikhwanweb 2012 06 02 Retrieved on 2014 03 23 The Cutting Edge News The Cutting Edge News 2011 04 18 Retrieved on 2014 03 23 Timol Riyaz 14 October 2019 Structures of Organisation and Loci of Authority in a Glocal Islamic Movement The Tablighi Jama at in Britain Religions 10 10 573 doi 10 3390 rel10100573 E Books IPCI Retrieved on 2014 03 23 Ahmed Deedat Peacetv tv 2005 08 08 Retrieved on 2014 03 23 1 Archived September 19 2012 at the Wayback Machine Islamic Education and Research Academy iERA Retrieved on 2014 03 23 Discover Islam www discoverislam co za Retrieved 2020 04 10 Humble Naveed Home Uplift Dawah Al Amreeki Nasir Home Northwest Dawah Foundation Al Furqaan Foundation Al Furqaan Foundation Archived from the original on 2020 11 15 Retrieved 2020 11 14 Home Youth Club Retrieved 2021 12 17 lemm Verena and Walker Paul E 2011 Code of Conduct A Treatise on Etiquette of the Fatimid Ismaili Mission I B Tauris Farah Caesar E The Fatmids and their Successors in Yemen The History of an Islamic Community Domes 12 2 2003 100 ProQuest Web 3 Dec 2016 Abdullahi Aminu A A Season of Monotheism Muslim response to humanist cyberactivism in Northern Nigeria 2020 References editEncyclopaedia of Islam Leiden Netherlands Brill OCLC 399624 Hirschkind Charles 2004 Civic Virtue and Religious Reason An Islamic Counter Public in Drobnick Jim Aural Cultures ISBN 0 920397 80 8 The Multiple Nature of the Islamic Da wa Archived 2016 05 29 at the Wayback Machine Egdunas Racius Academic Dissertation October 2004 University of Helsinki Faculty of Arts Institute of Asian and African Studies Klemm Verena and Walker Paul E 2011 Code of Conduct A Treatise on Etiquette of the Fatimid Ismaili Mission I B Tauris Saqr Abdul B How to Call People to Islam Trans Shakil Ahmed Riyahd WAMY Sookhdeo Patrick and Murray Douglas 2014 Dawa The Islamic Strategy for Reshaping the Modern World Isaac Publishing External links editThe Tools of the Daa ie Dawah Resoucre Hub Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dawah amp oldid 1188804611, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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