fbpx
Wikipedia

Cyclone Gillian

December 15, 2023

Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian was the second most powerful of the 2013–14 Australian region cyclone season and the strongest in the basin in four years. It developed on 8 March, 2014, in the Gulf of Carpentaria offshore northern Australia. It drifted southeastward, moving over northwestern Queensland on 10 March as a weak tropical cyclone, and subsequently turned to the southwest and later to the west. Unfavourable wind shear, land interaction, and dry air prevented much restrengthening, and for several days Gillian was a weak tropical low. The storm moved northward and curved westward around the Top End of northwestern Australia, and subsequently moved across several islands in Indonesia, first Timor on 18 March. On 21 March, Gillian again became a tropical cyclone as it moved away from Indonesia. On the next day, it passed just southeast of Christmas Island as an intensifying storm, and subsequently Gillian underwent rapid deepening. On 23 March, the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph). On the same day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimated peak 1-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph), making it a Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Increased wind shear caused the cyclone to rapidly weaken, and both BoM and JTWC discontinued advisories on Gillian on 26 March.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone (Aus scale)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Gillian near the end of its rapid intensification phase on 23 March
Formed6 March 2014
Dissipated27 March 2014
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 220 km/h (140 mph)
1-minute sustained: 260 km/h (160 mph)
Gusts: 315 km/h (195 mph)
Lowest pressure927 hPa (mbar); 27.37 inHg
FatalitiesNone reported
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedQueensland, Northern Territory, East Timor, Indonesia, Christmas Island
Part of the 2013–14 Australian region cyclone season

The cyclone affected northern Australia with gusty winds and some rainfall, while on the Indonesian island of Java, it produced strong waves. While moving near Christmas Island, Gillian downed thousands of trees and damaged the roof of one of the oldest buildings on the island. Winds gusted to 96 km/h (60 mph), making it the first cyclone to affect Christmas Island in six years. The storm also affected the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.

Meteorological history edit

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Gillian were from a weak tropical low that persisted in the eastern Arafura Sea on 6 March. The next day, the system moved into the Gulf of Carpentaria,[1] where it developed convection, or thunderstorms, which organised into curved rainbands. The thunderstorms were located west of a circulation, was exposed due to moderate wind shear.[2] At 06:00 UTC on 8 March, the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) office in Darwin began issuing warnings on the developing tropical low.[3] Around that time, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), indicated the high potential for tropical cyclogenesis due to the increasingly organised circulation and convection.[4] At 09:00 UTC on 8 March, the BoM upgraded the low to Tropical Cyclone Gillian,[5] and six hours later, the JTWC initiated advisories on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 17P.[6] After its formation, Gillian moved slowly southward toward Queensland within an area of weak steering currents. Despite ongoing wind shear, forecasters anticipated strengthening due to warm water temperatures and favourable outflow.[6] The storm turned more toward the southeast due to the influence of a ridge to the northeast.[7] Early on 10 March, Gillian made landfall along the western Cape York Peninsula of Queensland,[8] after weakening below tropical cyclone status.[1]

 
Cyclone Gillian approaching Cape York Peninsula on 8 March

A strengthening ridge to the south turned the storm to the southwest, bringing Gillian back over water; however, the circulation became poorly-defined and the convection decreased due to land interaction.[9] Early on 11 March the JTWC discontinued advisories.[10] When Gillian was downgraded to a tropical low, the proximity to land and continued wind shear prevented initial redevelopment.[11] The system tracked westward through the Gulf of Carpentaria due to the ridge to the south, passing just north of Mornington Island on 12 March.[12] The next day, the convection reorganised as the circulation became better defined.[13] On 14 March, the JTWC again assessed a high potential for Gillian redeveloping into a tropical cyclone, noting the appearance of a central dense overcast.[14] At 06:00 UTC on the same day, the BoM again upgraded Gillian to tropical cyclone status in the central Gulf of Carpentaria. Due to a weak trough in the region, the storm turned to the northeast.[15] Increasing wind shear again caused the storm to lose organisation early on 15 March,[16] prompting the BoM to downgrade Gillian to a tropical low.[17]

Dry air prevented the convection from initially reorganising after Gillian was downgraded.[18] With a ridge to the south, the low turned westward around the Top End of northwestern Australia.[19] On 17 March, the system moved north of 10° S, into the area of warning responsibility of the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics.[20][21] By that time, the low-level circulation was disconnected from its mid-level circulation, and land interaction with Indonesia was expected to prevent redevelopment.[22] Late on 18 March, the storm moved over the island of Timor,[23] and over the subsequent two days passed over several other Indonesian islands.[24] On 21 March, the convection reorganised due to a drop in wind shear,[25] and at 12:00 UTC that day, the BoM again upgraded Gillian to tropical cyclone status while the storm was about 380 km (240 mi) south-southeast of Jakarta.[26] On the same day, the JTWC also re-initiated advisories on the storm, noting that the circulation had improved as it moved away from Indonesia.[27] With low wind shear and favourable outflow, Gillian gradually intensified while moving southwestward around the ridge.[28] On 22 March, the storm passed just north of Christmas Island while Gillian was developing an eye; by that time, the 10 minute sustained winds had increased to 95 km/h (59 mph) within an environment favourable for continued strengthening.[1][29]

At 12:00 UTC on 22 March, the BoM upgraded the storm to a Category 3 on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale with 10 minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), the equivalent of a minimal hurricane;[29] a few hours later, the JTWC followed suit.[30] The cyclone continued to rapidly intensify, with a well-defined anticyclone providing good outflow and very low wind shear.[31] At 12:00 UTC on 23 March, the BoM estimated Gillian attained peak 10 minute winds of 205 km/h (127 mph), making it a Category 5 on the Australian scale, while located about 1,000 km (620 mi) south-southwest of Jakarta; the agency also estimated peak gusts of 285 km/h (177 mph).[32] At 18:00 UTC on 23 March, the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 260 km/h (160 mph). By that time, the eye had contracted to a diameter of 22 km (14 mi), but was beginning to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle. In addition, Gillian was experiencing increased wind shear due to an approaching trough, indicative of weakening. It continued around the ridge and turned more to the south over open waters well to the west of Western Australia.[33] The eye became less distinct,[34] and early on 25 March Gillian weakened below Category 3 intensity on the Australian scale.[35] On the same day, the JTWC also downgraded the cyclone to tropical storm strength, noting the storm's rapid weakening corresponded to a decline in Dvorak numbers – a system to estimate intensity via satellites.[36] The circulation became exposed from the convection,[37] and BoM downgraded Gillian to a tropical low on 26 March,[38] the same day that the JTWC discontinued advisories after the circulation began dissipating.[39]

Preparations and impact edit

 
Cyclone Gillian near Christmas Island on 22 March

Much of Far North Queensland was affected by rain for over a week as Gillian slowly moved through the Gulf of Carpentaria. The heaviest rains, averaging 150 to 250 mm (5.9 to 9.8 in), fell along a corridor along southern part of the Cape York Peninsula from the Mitchell-Alice Rivers National Park to Cooktown.[40] 227.4 mm (8.95 in) of rain from 9–15 March with gusts up to 57 km/h (35 mph) in Kowanyama, Queensland.[41] On 17 March, Gillian brushed the Top End region, bringing only minor rainfall to coastal areas.[42] Winds reached 45 km/h (28 mph) in the Wessel Islands.[19]

Across Java, Indonesia, the storm produced moderate to heavy rains. After re-intensifying into a tropical cyclone, swells of 3 to 5 m (9.8 to 16.4 ft) from the storm affected southern shores of the island.[43] Though well to the north of Cyclone Gillian, the system's circulation drew moisture away from Riau western Indonesia, leaving behind fire-prone conditions. Due in part to illegal logging and slash-and-burn land clearing, several new forest fires began by 23 March.[44]

On 20 March, the BoM issued a cyclone watch for Christmas Island, and the next day upgraded it to a cyclone warning.[1] The first cyclone to affect Christmas Island since Cyclone Rosie in 2008,[1] Gillian approached the island as a category 2 system, causing light to moderate damage. Only one structure on the island, the Immigration Detention Centre, is constructed to cyclone-standards on the island. Island administrator Jon Stanhope stated that the 1,700 asylum seekers were likely safer than residents in permanent homes.[45] Gale-force winds, peaking at 96 km/h (60 mph), battered the island for 15 hours.[46][47] Several homes lost their roof and one family had to be evacuated; however, most structures were left unscathed.[46] The roof of the Rumah Tinggi Bar and Restaurant, one of the oldest buildings on the island, was torn off.[45] Thousands of trees were reportedly downed across the island, with jungles sustaining significant losses,[47] and there were power outages due to significant damage to the islands powerlines. Gillian also dropped 181 mm (7.1 in) of rainfall over a 24‑hour period on the island.[1]

On 23 March, several aircraft at Subang airport in Malaysia taking part in the 26-nation search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 were grounded due to inclement weather.[48] It was noted that Gillian could hamper rescue efforts in the southern corridor search for the aircraft.[49]

See also edit

  • Cyclone Inigo - struck Indonesia in 2003 in its formative stages
  • Cyclone Hellen - another cyclone which intensified rapidly in the Indian Ocean just one week after Gillian.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Western Australian Regional Office (2014). "Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 7 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  3. ^ Updated High Seas Forecast. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 8 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  4. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 8 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  5. ^ Updated High Seas Forecast. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 8 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  6. ^ a b Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 001. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 8 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  7. ^ Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 003. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 9 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  8. ^ Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 004. Joint Typhoon warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  9. ^ Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 005. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  10. ^ Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Final Warning NR 006. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  11. ^ Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  12. ^ Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  13. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  14. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  15. ^ Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  16. ^ Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  17. ^ Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin. Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  18. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  19. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  20. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 17 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  21. ^ (PDF). Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency. World Meteorological Organization. 8 November 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  22. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 18 March 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  23. ^ "Dikeluarkan oleh Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Jakarta Pada: 04:14 WIB 19/03/2014" (in Indonesian). Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) Jakarta. 18 March 2014. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014.
  24. ^ . Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC) Jakarta. 23 March 2014. Archived from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  25. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  26. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  27. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 007". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 21 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  28. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 009". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 22 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  29. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 22 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  30. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 010". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 22 March 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  31. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 011". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 23 March 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  32. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 23 March 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  33. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 012". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 23 March 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  34. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 013". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  35. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 25 March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  36. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 015". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 25 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  37. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 25 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  38. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin". Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Bureau of Meteorology. 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  39. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 17P (Gillian) Warning NR 016". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  40. ^ "Weekly rainfall totals for Queensland ending 13 March 2014". National Climate Centre. Government of Australia. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  41. ^ Kowanyama, Queensland March 2014 Daily Weather Observations (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology (Report). Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  42. ^ "Daily rainfall totals for Northern Territory ending 17 March 2014". National Climate Centre. Government of Australia. 17 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  43. ^ "Siklon tropis Gillian sebabkan hujan di Jakarta" (in Indonesian). Antara News. 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  44. ^ . The Jakarta Post. 23 March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  45. ^ a b Natalie O'Brien; Leila Abdallha (22 March 2014). . Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  46. ^ a b "Christmas Island escapes major damage as Tropical Cyclone Gillian moves away from community". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  47. ^ a b Ben Collins; Cristy-Lee Macqueen; Alex Hyman (24 March 2014). . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  48. ^ Lee Shi-Ian (23 March 2014). . The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  49. ^ . The Star. 23 March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.

External links edit

December 15, 2023
cyclone, gillian, severe, tropical, second, most, powerful, 2013, australian, region, cyclone, season, strongest, basin, four, years, developed, march, 2014, gulf, carpentaria, offshore, northern, australia, drifted, southeastward, moving, over, northwestern, . Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian was the second most powerful of the 2013 14 Australian region cyclone season and the strongest in the basin in four years It developed on 8 March 2014 in the Gulf of Carpentaria offshore northern Australia It drifted southeastward moving over northwestern Queensland on 10 March as a weak tropical cyclone and subsequently turned to the southwest and later to the west Unfavourable wind shear land interaction and dry air prevented much restrengthening and for several days Gillian was a weak tropical low The storm moved northward and curved westward around the Top End of northwestern Australia and subsequently moved across several islands in Indonesia first Timor on 18 March On 21 March Gillian again became a tropical cyclone as it moved away from Indonesia On the next day it passed just southeast of Christmas Island as an intensifying storm and subsequently Gillian underwent rapid deepening On 23 March the Bureau of Meteorology BoM estimated peak 10 minute sustained winds of 220 km h 140 mph On the same day the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC estimated peak 1 minute sustained winds of 260 km h 160 mph making it a Category 5 on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale Increased wind shear caused the cyclone to rapidly weaken and both BoM and JTWC discontinued advisories on Gillian on 26 March Severe Tropical Cyclone GillianCategory 5 severe tropical cyclone Aus scale Category 5 tropical cyclone SSHWS Gillian near the end of its rapid intensification phase on 23 MarchFormed6 March 2014Dissipated27 March 2014Highest winds10 minute sustained 220 km h 140 mph 1 minute sustained 260 km h 160 mph Gusts 315 km h 195 mph Lowest pressure927 hPa mbar 27 37 inHgFatalitiesNone reportedDamageMinimalAreas affectedQueensland Northern Territory East Timor Indonesia Christmas IslandPart of the 2013 14 Australian region cyclone seasonThe cyclone affected northern Australia with gusty winds and some rainfall while on the Indonesian island of Java it produced strong waves While moving near Christmas Island Gillian downed thousands of trees and damaged the roof of one of the oldest buildings on the island Winds gusted to 96 km h 60 mph making it the first cyclone to affect Christmas Island in six years The storm also affected the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations and impact 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksMeteorological history edit nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depressionThe origins of Gillian were from a weak tropical low that persisted in the eastern Arafura Sea on 6 March The next day the system moved into the Gulf of Carpentaria 1 where it developed convection or thunderstorms which organised into curved rainbands The thunderstorms were located west of a circulation was exposed due to moderate wind shear 2 At 06 00 UTC on 8 March the Bureau of Meteorology BoM office in Darwin began issuing warnings on the developing tropical low 3 Around that time the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC indicated the high potential for tropical cyclogenesis due to the increasingly organised circulation and convection 4 At 09 00 UTC on 8 March the BoM upgraded the low to Tropical Cyclone Gillian 5 and six hours later the JTWC initiated advisories on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 17P 6 After its formation Gillian moved slowly southward toward Queensland within an area of weak steering currents Despite ongoing wind shear forecasters anticipated strengthening due to warm water temperatures and favourable outflow 6 The storm turned more toward the southeast due to the influence of a ridge to the northeast 7 Early on 10 March Gillian made landfall along the western Cape York Peninsula of Queensland 8 after weakening below tropical cyclone status 1 nbsp Cyclone Gillian approaching Cape York Peninsula on 8 MarchA strengthening ridge to the south turned the storm to the southwest bringing Gillian back over water however the circulation became poorly defined and the convection decreased due to land interaction 9 Early on 11 March the JTWC discontinued advisories 10 When Gillian was downgraded to a tropical low the proximity to land and continued wind shear prevented initial redevelopment 11 The system tracked westward through the Gulf of Carpentaria due to the ridge to the south passing just north of Mornington Island on 12 March 12 The next day the convection reorganised as the circulation became better defined 13 On 14 March the JTWC again assessed a high potential for Gillian redeveloping into a tropical cyclone noting the appearance of a central dense overcast 14 At 06 00 UTC on the same day the BoM again upgraded Gillian to tropical cyclone status in the central Gulf of Carpentaria Due to a weak trough in the region the storm turned to the northeast 15 Increasing wind shear again caused the storm to lose organisation early on 15 March 16 prompting the BoM to downgrade Gillian to a tropical low 17 Dry air prevented the convection from initially reorganising after Gillian was downgraded 18 With a ridge to the south the low turned westward around the Top End of northwestern Australia 19 On 17 March the system moved north of 10 S into the area of warning responsibility of the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics 20 21 By that time the low level circulation was disconnected from its mid level circulation and land interaction with Indonesia was expected to prevent redevelopment 22 Late on 18 March the storm moved over the island of Timor 23 and over the subsequent two days passed over several other Indonesian islands 24 On 21 March the convection reorganised due to a drop in wind shear 25 and at 12 00 UTC that day the BoM again upgraded Gillian to tropical cyclone status while the storm was about 380 km 240 mi south southeast of Jakarta 26 On the same day the JTWC also re initiated advisories on the storm noting that the circulation had improved as it moved away from Indonesia 27 With low wind shear and favourable outflow Gillian gradually intensified while moving southwestward around the ridge 28 On 22 March the storm passed just north of Christmas Island while Gillian was developing an eye by that time the 10 minute sustained winds had increased to 95 km h 59 mph within an environment favourable for continued strengthening 1 29 At 12 00 UTC on 22 March the BoM upgraded the storm to a Category 3 on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale with 10 minute winds of 120 km h 75 mph the equivalent of a minimal hurricane 29 a few hours later the JTWC followed suit 30 The cyclone continued to rapidly intensify with a well defined anticyclone providing good outflow and very low wind shear 31 At 12 00 UTC on 23 March the BoM estimated Gillian attained peak 10 minute winds of 205 km h 127 mph making it a Category 5 on the Australian scale while located about 1 000 km 620 mi south southwest of Jakarta the agency also estimated peak gusts of 285 km h 177 mph 32 At 18 00 UTC on 23 March the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 260 km h 160 mph By that time the eye had contracted to a diameter of 22 km 14 mi but was beginning to undergo an eyewall replacement cycle In addition Gillian was experiencing increased wind shear due to an approaching trough indicative of weakening It continued around the ridge and turned more to the south over open waters well to the west of Western Australia 33 The eye became less distinct 34 and early on 25 March Gillian weakened below Category 3 intensity on the Australian scale 35 On the same day the JTWC also downgraded the cyclone to tropical storm strength noting the storm s rapid weakening corresponded to a decline in Dvorak numbers a system to estimate intensity via satellites 36 The circulation became exposed from the convection 37 and BoM downgraded Gillian to a tropical low on 26 March 38 the same day that the JTWC discontinued advisories after the circulation began dissipating 39 Preparations and impact edit nbsp Cyclone Gillian near Christmas Island on 22 MarchMuch of Far North Queensland was affected by rain for over a week as Gillian slowly moved through the Gulf of Carpentaria The heaviest rains averaging 150 to 250 mm 5 9 to 9 8 in fell along a corridor along southern part of the Cape York Peninsula from the Mitchell Alice Rivers National Park to Cooktown 40 227 4 mm 8 95 in of rain from 9 15 March with gusts up to 57 km h 35 mph in Kowanyama Queensland 41 On 17 March Gillian brushed the Top End region bringing only minor rainfall to coastal areas 42 Winds reached 45 km h 28 mph in the Wessel Islands 19 Across Java Indonesia the storm produced moderate to heavy rains After re intensifying into a tropical cyclone swells of 3 to 5 m 9 8 to 16 4 ft from the storm affected southern shores of the island 43 Though well to the north of Cyclone Gillian the system s circulation drew moisture away from Riau western Indonesia leaving behind fire prone conditions Due in part to illegal logging and slash and burn land clearing several new forest fires began by 23 March 44 On 20 March the BoM issued a cyclone watch for Christmas Island and the next day upgraded it to a cyclone warning 1 The first cyclone to affect Christmas Island since Cyclone Rosie in 2008 1 Gillian approached the island as a category 2 system causing light to moderate damage Only one structure on the island the Immigration Detention Centre is constructed to cyclone standards on the island Island administrator Jon Stanhope stated that the 1 700 asylum seekers were likely safer than residents in permanent homes 45 Gale force winds peaking at 96 km h 60 mph battered the island for 15 hours 46 47 Several homes lost their roof and one family had to be evacuated however most structures were left unscathed 46 The roof of the Rumah Tinggi Bar and Restaurant one of the oldest buildings on the island was torn off 45 Thousands of trees were reportedly downed across the island with jungles sustaining significant losses 47 and there were power outages due to significant damage to the islands powerlines Gillian also dropped 181 mm 7 1 in of rainfall over a 24 hour period on the island 1 On 23 March several aircraft at Subang airport in Malaysia taking part in the 26 nation search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 were grounded due to inclement weather 48 It was noted that Gillian could hamper rescue efforts in the southern corridor search for the aircraft 49 See also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portalCyclone Inigo struck Indonesia in 2003 in its formative stages Cyclone Hellen another cyclone which intensified rapidly in the Indian Ocean just one week after Gillian References edit a b c d e f Western Australian Regional Office 2014 Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian Bureau of Meteorology Retrieved 27 March 2014 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Updated High Seas Forecast Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Updated High Seas Forecast Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 a b Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 001 Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 003 Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 004 Joint Typhoon warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10 March 2014 Archived from the original on 10 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 005 Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10 March 2014 Archived from the original on 11 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Final Warning NR 006 Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10 March 2014 Archived from the original on 11 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 10 March 2014 Archived from the original on 11 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 12 March 2014 Archived from the original on 13 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 13 March 2014 Archived from the original on 13 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Joint Typhoon Warning Center Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14 March 2014 Archived from the original on 14 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14 March 2014 Archived from the original on 14 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15 March 2014 Archived from the original on 15 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology Report National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 15 March 2014 Archived from the original on 15 March 2014 Retrieved 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 16 March 2014 Archived from the original on 16 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 a b Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 16 March 2014 Archived from the original on 17 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 17 March 2014 Archived from the original on 18 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 The Operation of Jakarta Tropical Cyclone Warning Center TCWC Jakarta PDF Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency World Meteorological Organization 8 November 2008 Archived from the original PDF on 1 August 2013 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 18 March 2014 Archived from the original on 18 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Dikeluarkan oleh Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Jakarta Pada 04 14 WIB 19 03 2014 in Indonesian Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre TCWC Jakarta 18 March 2014 Archived from the original on 21 March 2014 Severe Tropical Cyclone Gillian Track and Impact Map Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre TCWC Jakarta 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 30 November 2017 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 21 March 2014 Archived from the original on 21 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 21 March 2014 Archived from the original on 22 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 007 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 21 March 2014 Archived from the original on 22 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 009 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 22 March 2014 Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 a b Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 22 March 2014 Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 010 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 22 March 2014 Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 011 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 24 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 24 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 012 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 24 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 013 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 24 March 2014 Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 Retrieved 25 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 25 March 2014 Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 Retrieved 25 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 015 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 25 March 2014 Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 25 March 2014 Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre Bureau of Meteorology 26 March 2014 Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone 17P Gillian Warning NR 016 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 26 March 2014 Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 Retrieved 27 March 2014 Weekly rainfall totals for Queensland ending 13 March 2014 National Climate Centre Government of Australia 13 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Kowanyama Queensland March 2014 Daily Weather Observations PDF Bureau of Meteorology Report Government of Australia 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Daily rainfall totals for Northern Territory ending 17 March 2014 National Climate Centre Government of Australia 17 March 2014 Retrieved 23 March 2014 Siklon tropis Gillian sebabkan hujan di Jakarta in Indonesian Antara News 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Cyclone may fan fires in Riau The Jakarta Post 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 a b Natalie O Brien Leila Abdallha 22 March 2014 Tropical Cyclone Gillian hits Christmas Island Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 a b Christmas Island escapes major damage as Tropical Cyclone Gillian moves away from community Australian Broadcasting Corporation 23 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 a b Ben Collins Cristy Lee Macqueen Alex Hyman 24 March 2014 Christmas Island damaged by cyclone but lucky it wasn t worse Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Lee Shi Ian 23 March 2014 Cyclone forces cancellation of aircraft sorties from Subang The Malaysian Insider Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 Search in Indian Ocean continues despite cyclone The Star 23 March 2014 Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 Retrieved 24 March 2014 External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyclone Gillian amp oldid 1174756398, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.