The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.
Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.[2] In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris.[3]Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.[4][5]
Speciesedit
As of July 2021[update], World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:[6]
^Conant, D.S.; Raubeson, L.A.; Attwood, D.K.; Perera, S.; Zimmer, E.A.; Sweere, J.A.; Stein, D.B. (1996). "Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of combined analysis of DNA and morphology in the Cyatheaceae". In Camus, J.M.; Gibby, M.; Johns, R.J. (eds.). Pteridology in perspective. Kew, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 231–248. ISBN9781900347099.
^PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
^Braggins, John E. and Large, Mark F. Tree Ferns. Timber Press (2004). ISBN0-88192-630-2
^Hassler, Michael (2004–2021), "Genus Cyathea J.E.Sm.", World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.3, retrieved 2021-07-25
Notesedit
Bibliographyedit
Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37–42.
Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321–322, electronic supplement 13: 1–11.
Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43–56.
The International Plant Names Index
External linksedit
Smith's original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg
(German/English)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyathea.
January 01, 1970
cyathea, confused, with, cyathium, cyathus, genus, tree, ferns, type, genus, fern, order, medullaris, growing, zealand, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, division, polypodiophyta, class, polypodiopsida, order, family, ceae, ge. Not to be confused with Cyathium or Cyathus Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales Cyathea Cyathea medullaris growing in New Zealand Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Division Polypodiophyta Class Polypodiopsida Order Cyatheales Family Cyatheaceae Genus CyatheaJ E Smith 1793 Species See text Synonyms 1 Synonymy Acanthea Lindig 1861 Actinophlebia C Presl 1847 Amphicosmia Gardner 1842 Chnoophora Kaulf 1824 Cnemidaria C Presl 1836 Cnemidopteris Rchb 1841 Cormophyllum Newman 1854 publ 1857 Cyathidaria Caluff amp Shelton 2002 Dichorexia C Presl 1848 Disphenia C Presl 1836 Eatoniopteris J Bommer 1874 Fourniera J Bommer 1874 Gymnopremnon Lindig 1861 Hemistegia C Presl 1847 Hemitelia R Br 1810 Hymenophyllopsis K I Goebel 1929 Microstegnus C Presl 1848 Nephelea R M Tryon 1970 Schizocaena J Sm 1838 Thysanobotrya Alderw 1918 Trachypremnon Lindig 1861 Trichipteris C Presl 1822 The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek kyatheion meaning little cup and refers to the cup shaped sori on the underside of the fronds Contents 1 Description 2 Classification 2 1 Species 2 1 1 Extinct species 3 References 3 1 Notes 3 2 Bibliography 4 External linksDescription editThe species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns usually with a single tall stem Rarely the trunk may be branched or creeping Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk The genus has a pantropical distribution with over 470 species They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands Classification editConant et al in 1996 concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades Alsophila Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups 2 In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 PPG I these are accepted as separate genera Alsophila Cyathea and Sphaeropteris 3 Cnemidaria Presl 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset 4 5 Species edit As of July 2021 update World Ferns Version 12 3 accepted the following species 6 Cyathea abbreviata I Fernald Cyathea abrapatriciana Lehnert amp A Tejedor Cyathea acantha Sehnem Lehnert Cyathea acutidens Christ Domin Cyathea aemula Lehnert Cyathea affinis G Forst Sw Cyathea akawaiorum P J Edwards Cyathea alata E Fourn Copel Cyathea alatissima Stolze Lehnert Cyathea alfonsiana L D Gomez Cyathea alsophiloides S Maciel amp Lehnert Cyathea alstonii R M Tryon Cyathea amabilis C V Morton Lehnert Cyathea andaquiensis Lehnert F Giraldo amp W Rodriguez Cyathea andicola Domin Cyathea andina H Karst Domin Cyathea angelica A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea antioquensis A Rojas Cyathea arborea L Sm Cyathea aristata Domin Cyathea armata Sw Domin Cyathea arnecornelii Lehnert Cyathea ars Lehnert Cyathea aspera L Sw Cyathea asplenioides A C Sm Christenh Cyathea assurgens R M Tryon Cyathea atahuallpa R M Tryon Lellinger Cyathea aterrima Hook Domin Cyathea atrocastanea Labiak amp F B Matos Cyathea atrovirens Langsd amp Fisch Domin Cyathea aurea Klotzsch Cyathea austroamericana Domin Cyathea austropallescens Lehnert Cyathea axillaris Raddi Lellinger Cyathea azuayensis Sodiro Cyathea barringtonii A R Sm ex Lellinger Cyathea bella Rchb fil ex Mett Domin Cyathea bettinae Lehnert Cyathea bicrenata Liebm Cyathea biliranensis Copel Cyathea bipinnata R M Tryon R C Moran Cyathea bipinnatifida Baker Domin Cyathea boconensis H Karst Cyathea borinquena Maxon Domin Cyathea boryana Kuhn Domin Cyathea bradei P G Windisch Lellinger Cyathea brucei Lehnert Cyathea brunnescens Barrington R C Moran Cyathea calamitatis Lehnert Cyathea callejasii Lehnert F Giraldo amp A Tejedor Cyathea caracasana Klotzsch Domin Cyathea cardenasii Lehnert F Giraldo amp W Rodriguez Cyathea carolihenrici Lehnert Cyathea carolinae A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea catacampta Alston Cyathea catenata Lehnert F Giraldo amp W Rodriguez Cyathea cervantesiana A Rojas Cyathea chimaera Lehnert amp A Tejedor Cyathea chimborazensis Hook Hieron Cyathea chiricana Maxon Domin Cyathea chocoensis Stolze Lehnert Cyathea chontilla Lehnert Cyathea choricarpa Maxon Domin Cyathea cicatricosa Holttum Cyathea cisandina A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea clandestina Lehnert F Giraldo amp A Tejedor Cyathea cnemidaria Lehnert Cyathea cocleana Stolze Lehnert Cyathea coloradoana Lehnert F Giraldo amp W Rodriguez Cyathea concinna Baker Jenman Cyathea concordia B Leon amp R C Moran Cyathea conformis R M Tryon Stolze Cyathea conjugata Spruce ex Hook Domin Cyathea conquisita Jenman Cyathea consimilis Stolze Lehnert Cyathea convergens Lehnert Cyathea corallifera Sodiro Cyathea corcovadensis Raddi Domin Cyathea costaricensis Mett ex Kuhn Domin Cyathea croftii Holttum Cyathea cruciata Desv Lehnert Cyathea ctenitoides Lellinger Christenh Cyathea cumingii Baker Cyathea cyatheoides Desv K U Kramer Cyathea cyclodium R M Tryon Lellinger Cyathea cylindrica S Maciel amp Lehnert Cyathea cystolepis Sodiro Cyathea darienensis R C Moran Cyathea decomposita H Karst Domin Cyathea decorata Maxon R M Tryon Cyathea decurrens Hook Copel Cyathea decurrentiloba Domin Cyathea dejecta Baker Christenh Cyathea delgadii Pohl ex Sternb Cyathea demissa C V Morton A R Sm ex Lellinger Cyathea diabolica Lehnert Cyathea dichromatolepis Fee Domin Cyathea dintelmannii Lehnert Cyathea dissimilis C V Morton Stolze Cyathea dissoluta Baker Cyathea divergens Kunze Cyathea dombeyi Desv Lellinger Cyathea dudleyi R M Tryon Cyathea dyeri Sodiro Cyathea ebenina H Karst Cyathea eggersii Hieron Cyathea elliottii Domin Cyathea epaleata Holttum Holttum Cyathea estelae Riba Proctor Cyathea estevesorum A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea ewanii Alston Cyathea falcata Mett ex Kuhn Domin Cyathea feeana C Chr Domin Cyathea flava R M Tryon Christenh Cyathea frigida H Karst Domin Cyathea fulva M Martens amp Galeotti Fee Cyathea gibbosa Klotzsch Domin Cyathea giraldoi A Tejedor G Calat Lehnert W D Rodr amp M Kessler Cyathea glandulifera Lehnert Cyathea glaziovii Domin Cyathea godmanii Hook Domin Cyathea gracilis Griseb Cyathea grandifolia Willd Cyathea grantii Copel Cyathea grata Domin Cyathea gratissima A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea grayumii A Rojas Cyathea guentheriana Lehnert Cyathea harrisii Underw Cyathea haughtii Maxon R M Tryon Cyathea hemiepiphytica R C Moran Cyathea herzogii Rosenst Cyathea hierbabuena A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea hirsuta C Presl Cyathea hirsutissima Fee Domin Cyathea hodgeana Proctor Cyathea holdridgeana Nisman amp L D Gomez Cyathea horrida L Sm Cyathea howeana Domin Cyathea hymenophylloides L D Gomez Christenh Cyathea iheringii Rosenst Domin Cyathea impar R M Tryon Cyathea incognita Lellinger Christenh Cyathea indefinita S Maciel amp J Prado Cyathea jacobsii Holttum Cyathea jamaicensis Jenman Cyathea kalbreyeri Baker Domin Cyathea karsteniana Klotzsch Domin Cyathea kessleriana Lehnert F Giraldo amp A Tejedor Cyathea lasiosora Mett ex Kuhn Domin Cyathea latevagans Baker Domin Cyathea lechleri Mett Cyathea lehnertii A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea lellingeriana S Maciel amp J Prado Cyathea leoniae M E Acuna amp Huaman Cyathea leucofolis Domin Cyathea leucolepismata Alston Cyathea liesneri A R Sm Cyathea lindeniana C Presl Cyathea lindigii Baker Domin Cyathea longipetiolulata A Rojas amp A Tejedor Cyathea macrocarpa C Presl Domin Cyathea macrosora Baker Domin Cyathea margarita Lehnert Cyathea marginalis Klotzsch Domin Cyathea mexiae Copel Cyathea microdonta Desv Domin Cyathea microphylla Mett Cyathea microphyllodes Domin Cyathea miersii Hook Domin Cyathea minima S Maciel amp J Prado Cyathea minuta J Murillo amp M T Murillo Cyathea monteagudoi A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea moranii Lehnert Cyathea mucilagina R C Moran Cyathea multiflora Sm Cyathea multisegmenta R M Tryon Cyathea mutica Christ Domin Cyathea myriotricha Baker R C Moran amp J Prado Cyathea nanna Barrington Lellinger Cyathea neblinae A R Sm Cyathea nephele Lehnert Cyathea nervosa Maxon Lehnert Cyathea nesiotica Maxon Domin Cyathea nigripes C Presl Domin Cyathea nodulifera R C Moran Cyathea notabilis Domin Cyathea novoi A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea oblonga Klotzsch Domin Cyathea obnoxia Lehnert Cyathea obtusa Kaulf Domin Cyathea oreopteroides Lehnert amp A Tejedor Cyathea oscarorum A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea pacis F Giraldo W Rodriguez amp A Tejedor Cyathea palaciosii R C Moran Cyathea pallescens Sodiro Domin Cyathea parvifolia Sodiro Cyathea parvula Jenman Proctor Cyathea patens hort ex Houlston amp Moore Cyathea pauciflora Kuhn Lellinger Cyathea paucifolia Baker Domin Cyathea peladensis Hieron Domin Cyathea pendula Jenman Cyathea petiolata Hook R M Tryon Cyathea phalaenolepis C Chr Domin Domin Cyathea phalerata Mart Cyathea phegopteroides Hook Domin Cyathea phoenix A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea pholidota Lehnert F Giraldo amp A Tejedor Cyathea pibyae A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea pilosissima Baker Domin Cyathea pilozana M T amp J Murillo Cyathea pinnula Christ R C Moran Cyathea planadae Arens amp A R Sm Cyathea platylepis Hook Domin Cyathea plicata Lehnert Cyathea poeppigii Hook Domin Cyathea polliculi Lehnert Cyathea povedae A Rojas Cyathea praeceps A R Sm Cyathea praecincta Kunze Domin Cyathea praetermissa Lehnert Cyathea pseudoctenitoides S Maciel amp J Prado Cyathea pseudonanna L D Gomez Lellinger Cyathea puberula Sodiro Cyathea punctata R C Moran amp B Ollg Cyathea pungens Willd Domin Cyathea recondita A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea rengifoi Lehnert F Giraldo amp A Tejedor Cyathea retanae A Rojas Cyathea robertsiana F Muell Domin Cyathea rocioae A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea rodriguezii Lehnert amp F Giraldo Cyathea rojasiana Lehnert Cyathea roraimensis Domin Domin Cyathea rufa Fee Lellinger Cyathea rufescens Mett ex Kuhn Domin Cyathea ruiziana Klotzsch Cyathea ruttenbergiae A Tejedor amp F Areces Cyathea sagittifolia Hook Domin Cyathea scabra Baker Cyathea schiedeana C Presl Domin Cyathea schlimii Kuhn Domin Cyathea serpens R M Tryon Lehnert Cyathea setchellii Copel Cyathea simplex R M Tryon Cyathea singularis Stolze Lehnert Cyathea sipapoensis R M Tryon Lellinger Cyathea sledgei Ranil Pushpak amp Fraser Jenk Cyathea speciosa Humb amp Bonpl ex Willd Cyathea spectabilis Kunze Domin Cyathea squamata Klotzsch Domin Cyathea squamipes H Karst Cyathea squamulosa Losch R C Moran Cyathea squarrosa Rosenst Domin Cyathea srilankensis Ranil Cyathea steyermarkii R M Tryon Cyathea stokesii E D Br N Halle amp Florence Cyathea stolzeana L D Gomez Lehnert Cyathea stolzei A R Sm ex Lellinger Cyathea straminea H Karst Cyathea strigillosa Maxon Domin Cyathea subincisa Kunze Domin Cyathea subindusiata Domin Cyathea subtropica Domin Cyathea sunduei Lehnert Cyathea suprapilosa Lehnert Cyathea suprastrigosa Christ Maxon Cyathea surinamensis Miq Domin Cyathea sylvatica Lehnert Cyathea tatei S Maciel R Y Hirai amp J Prado Cyathea tejedoris Lehnert F Giraldo amp W Rodriguez Cyathea tenera J Sm Moore Cyathea tepuiana Christenh Cyathea thelypteroides A R Sm Cyathea thysanolepis Barrington A R Sm Cyathea toroi Lehnert F Giraldo amp A Tejedor Cyathea tortuosa R C Moran Cyathea traillii Baker Domin Cyathea trichomanoides Christenh Cyathea tryonorum Riba Lellinger Cyathea tuerckheimii Maxon Cyathea uleana A Samp Lehnert Cyathea universitatis Vareschi Christenh Cyathea ursina Maxon Lellinger Cyathea valliciergoana A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea varians R C Moran Lehnert Cyathea vaupensis P G Windisch Lehnert Cyathea venezuelensis A R Sm ex Lellinger Cyathea vilhelmii Domin Cyathea villosa Humb amp Bonpl ex Willd Cyathea weatherbyana C V Morton C V Morton Cyathea wendlandii Mett ex Kuhn Domin Cyathea werffii R C Moran Cyathea whitmeei Baker Cyathea williamsii Maxon Domin Cyathea windischiana A R Sm Cyathea xerica A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea yambrasensis A Tejedor amp G Calat Cyathea zongoensis Lehnert Extinct species edit nbsp Eocene Cyathea inequilateralis Chuckanut Formation Washington Cyathea cranhamii Cyathea inequilateralis Eocene North American west coastReferences edit nbsp Dried Cyathea podophylla Cyathea Sm Plants of the World Online Retrieved 20 December 2023 Conant D S Raubeson L A Attwood D K Perera S Zimmer E A Sweere J A Stein D B 1996 Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of combined analysis of DNA and morphology in the Cyatheaceae In Camus J M Gibby M Johns R J eds Pteridology in perspective Kew U K Royal Botanic Gardens pp 231 248 ISBN 9781900347099 PPG I 2016 A community derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54 6 563 603 doi 10 1111 jse 12229 S2CID 39980610 Braggins John E and Large Mark F Tree Ferns Timber Press 2004 ISBN 0 88192 630 2 Cnemidaria world species list Hassler Michael 2004 2021 Genus Cyathea J E Sm World Ferns Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World Version 12 3 retrieved 2021 07 25 Notes edit Bibliography edit Christenhusz M J M 2009 New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg Hymenophyllopsis Cyatheaceae Phytotaxa 1 37 42 Large M F and J E Braggins 2004 Tree Ferns Timber Press Inc ISBN 0 88192 630 2 Lehnert M 2006 New species and records of tree ferns Cyatheaceae Pteridophyta in the northern Andes Organisms Diversity amp Evolution 6 321 322 electronic supplement 13 1 11 Lehnert M 2009 Three new species of scaly tree ferns Cyathea Cyatheaceae from the northern Andes Phytotaxa 2 43 56 The International Plant Names IndexExternal links editCyathea World Species List Alsophila World Species List Sphaeropteris World Species List Smith s original description of the genus online at Project Gutenberg Community Care and propagation of Treeferns German English Fern Files Cyathea nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyathea Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyathea amp oldid 1191039648, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
