Persian Iraq, also uncommonly spelled Persian Irak[1] (Persian: عراقِ عجمErāq-e Ajam(i); Arabic: عراق العجم'Irāq al-'Ajam or عراق عجمي'Irāq 'Ajami), is a historical region of the western parts of Iran.
Map of Persian Iraq and its surroundings
The region, originally known as Media in pre-Islamic times, became known as Jibal ("mountain, hill") by the early Islamic geographers, due its mountainous layout. The name was progressively abandoned during the Seljuk era in the 11th-12th centuries, and was called ʿIrāq(-i) ʿAjamī ("Persian Iraq") to distinguish it from ʿIrāq(-i) Arab ("Arab Iraq") in Mesopotamia.[2]
According to the medieval historian and geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, this course started taking place when the Seljuk sultans ruled both Iraq proper and Jibal, thus being addressed "sultan al-Iraq". However, the city of Hamadan in Jibal eventually became their capital, thus resulting in the region becoming known as Iraq, with the word Ajami ("Persian") being added.[3] Following the Mongol invasion of Iran in the 13th-century, the name Jibal had become completely outdated. In the following century, the geographer Hamdallah Mustawfi was unaware of the name Jibal, and only knew it as 'Iraq-i Ajami'. It was regarded by him as sardsīr ("cold zone").[3]
Later, until the beginning of the 20th century, the term Iraq in Iran was used to refer to a much smaller region south of Saveh and west of Qom. This region was centered on Soltanabad, which was renamed later as Arak.[4]
Bosworth, C. E. (1998). "ʿERĀQ-E ʿAJAM(Ī)". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VIII/5: English IV–Eršād al-zerāʿa. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 538. ISBN978-1-56859-054-7.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Irak" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 740.
de Planhol, X. (1986). "ARĀK". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 3. pp. 247–248.
Lockhart, L. (1965). "D̲j̲ibāl". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 534. OCLC 495469475.
January 06, 2023
persian, iraq, also, uncommonly, spelled, persian, irak, persian, عراق, عجم, erāq, ajam, arabic, عراق, العجم, irāq, ajam, عراق, عجمي, irāq, ajami, historical, region, western, parts, iran, surroundings, region, originally, known, media, islamic, times, became,. Persian Iraq also uncommonly spelled Persian Irak 1 Persian عراق عجم Eraq e Ajam i Arabic عراق العجم Iraq al Ajam or عراق عجمي Iraq Ajami is a historical region of the western parts of Iran Map of Persian Iraq and its surroundings The region originally known as Media in pre Islamic times became known as Jibal mountain hill by the early Islamic geographers due its mountainous layout The name was progressively abandoned during the Seljuk era in the 11th 12th centuries and was called ʿIraq i ʿAjami Persian Iraq to distinguish it from ʿIraq i Arab Arab Iraq in Mesopotamia 2 According to the medieval historian and geographer Yaqut al Hamawi this course started taking place when the Seljuk sultans ruled both Iraq proper and Jibal thus being addressed sultan al Iraq However the city of Hamadan in Jibal eventually became their capital thus resulting in the region becoming known as Iraq with the word Ajami Persian being added 3 Following the Mongol invasion of Iran in the 13th century the name Jibal had become completely outdated In the following century the geographer Hamdallah Mustawfi was unaware of the name Jibal and only knew it as Iraq i Ajami It was regarded by him as sardsir cold zone 3 Later until the beginning of the 20th century the term Iraq in Iran was used to refer to a much smaller region south of Saveh and west of Qom This region was centered on Soltanabad which was renamed later as Arak 4 References Edit Chisholm 1911 p 740 Lockhart 1965 p 534 a b Bosworth 1998 p 538 de Planhol 1986 pp 247 248 Sources EditBosworth C E 1998 ʿERAQ E ʿAJAM i In Yarshater Ehsan ed Encyclopaedia Iranica Volume VIII 5 English IV Ersad al zeraʿa London and New York Routledge amp Kegan Paul p 538 ISBN 978 1 56859 054 7 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Irak Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 14 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 740 de Planhol X 1986 ARAK Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol II Fasc 3 pp 247 248 Lockhart L 1965 D j ibal In Lewis B Pellat Ch amp Schacht J eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Volume II C G Leiden E J Brill p 534 OCLC 495469475 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Persian Iraq amp oldid 1107368077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
