Crayke
Crayke is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Easingwold.
| Crayke | |
|---|---|
Church Hill and St Cuthbert's Church | |
Crayke Location within North Yorkshire | |
| Population | 410 (2011 census)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SE560707 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | YORK |
| Postcode district | YO61 |
| Police | North Yorkshire |
| Fire | North Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
| UK Parliament | |
| 54°07′42″N 1°08′27″W / 54.1283°N 1.1409°W | |
Etymology edit
The name Crayke is of Brittonic origin,[2] derived from the neo-Brittonic Cumbric crẹ:g, meaning "a crag" or "prominent rock" (Welsh craig).[2] This derivation may refer to the topography associated with the Northumbrian monastery at Crayke.[2]
History edit
There is evidence that there has been a settlement here since the times of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.[3] The village is named in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Crec, part of the Yarlestre hundred and noted as belonging to the Bishop of Durham.[4]
The parish was formerly a detached part of County Durham (until 1844), due to its connection with St Cuthbert and the Diocese of Durham, which owned Crayke Castle.
The seventh-century king Egfrid granted Crayke to the church in 685 to be used by Cuthbert on his visits to York, to which end Cuthbert founded a monastery here. Cuthbert died in 687AD. The monk Aediluulf wrote a poem Carmen de Abbatibus between 803 and 821 about the history of his monastery, and some scholars propose that the monastery, which was in the circle of Lindisfarne, was in Crayke. (For instance, Michael Lapidge in Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899, Hambledon Press, London 1996) According to the chronicler Symeon, the Northumbrian King Aelle appropriated Crayke and used it as his headquarters during the unsuccessful campaign against the Danes in 867. He also reports that when the congregation of St Cuthbert was wandering homeless during the seven-year period 875–882 the monks remained four months at Crayke.[3]
In Norman times the Bishops of Durham constructed a castle over the monastic cemetery, though no traces now remain.[3]
Links with Cuthbert and the bishopric of Durham are recognised in the dedication of the 1436 Anglican church to St Cuthbert, and the naming of the pub as the Durham Ox, (an allusion to the foundation myth of Durham).
Governance edit
The village lies within the Thirsk and Malton UK Parliament constituency having previously been in the Vale of York UK Parliament constituency. It is part of the Easingwold electoral division of North Yorkshire Council.[5] It was also within the Stillington ward of Hambleton District Council until 2023.[6]
The Parish Council is made of seven councillors including the Chair.[7]
Geography edit
The village is at an elevation of 368 feet (112 m) at its highest point. The nearest settlements are Easingwold 2.51 miles (4.04 km) to the south-west; Stillington 2.1 miles (3.4 km) to the south-east; Brandsby 2 miles (3.2 km) to the north-east and Oulston 2.8 miles (4.5 km) to the north. The River Foss lies just 1 mile (1.6 km) to the east of the village.[6]
According to the 1881 census the population of the village was 501. In the 2001 UK Census the population was recorded as 390, of which 315 were over the age of sixteen and 206 of those were in employment. There are 168 dwellings of which 102 were detached.[8]
The village is served by the Easingwold to York bus route as well as a School Bus to Easingwold School. There is a public house and several local businesses in the village. There is a sports and leisure club on the outskirts where tennis and cricket are played.[9]
Education edit
Primary education is available in the village at Crayke Primary School. The school lies within the Easingwold School catchment area for Secondary education.[10]
Religion edit
In the Dark Ages, Crayke was home to Echa of Crayke, an eighth century Anglo-Saxon Saint, priest and monk-hermit, known for his holiness, healing[11] and prophetic gifting.[12] According to the York Annals,[13] he died 767AD, and his feast day is 5 May.[14][15][16][17] He is known from the Hagiography of the Secgan Manuscript, and the poem on the Saints of York by Saint Alcuin[18]
There is a church in the village dedicated to St Cuthbert. It was so named following the time of the Danish invasions, when the body of St Cuthbert was unearthed and travelled around the north of England to protect it. The monks rested with his body at Crayke for a time.[3] The present building was erected in 1490 in the Perpendicular style.
In the 19th century there were Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist chapels in the village as well as a Catholic chapel, all now disused.[3]
Notable buildings edit
The village is the site of a 15th-century castle. The Grade I listed building was constructed around 1450.[19]
There are 28 Grade II listed buildings in the village,[20] including the Brandsby Royal Observer Corps monitoring post that operated from 1964 to 1991 at Zion Hill Farm on Key Lane. Its purpose was to monitor radioactive fallout in the event of a nuclear war. It was built underground to hold a staff of three who could live self-sufficiently for three weeks. It reported to No 20 Group headquarters in York[21][22]
References edit
- ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Crayke Parish (1170216824)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
- ^ a b c James, Alan G. "A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence - Guide to the Elements" (PDF). Scottish Place Name Society - The common Brittonic Language in the Old North. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Bulmer's Topography, History and Directory (Private and Commercial) of North Yorkshire 1890. S&N Publishing. 1890. pp. 680, 681. ISBN 1-86150-299-0.
- ^ Crayke in the Domesday Book. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
- ^ "Find Councillor". North Yorkshire Council. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ a b "OpenData support | OS Tools & Support".
- ^ . Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "2001 UK Census". Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "Village amenities". Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "Secondary admission arrangements for the Northallerton area". North Yorkshire County Council. North Yorkshire County Council. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
- ^ Paul E. Szarmach, Holy Men and Holy Women: Old English Prose Saints' Lives and Their Contexts (SUNY Press, 1996) page97.
- ^ Echa of Crayke at the Oxford Dictionary of Saints,
- ^ Michael Lapidge, Anglo-Latin Literature, 600–899 (Continuum, 1996).page395
- ^ Saints Days for May.
- ^ Symeon of Durham, ii (S.S.), 22; in J. Raine, Historians of the Church of York (R.S.), i. 390.
- ^ T. Arnold Symeonis monachi opera omnia London 1885 30–66 .
- ^ Peter Godman, Alcuin: The Bishops, Kings, and Saints of York (Oxford, 1982) 2-134
- ^ Peter Godman, De pontificibus et sanctis Ecclesiae Eboracensis, The Bishops, Kings, and Saints of York. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
- ^ "Crayke Castle Listing". Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "Grade II listed buildings". Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "ROC post listing". Retrieved 7 December 2012.
- ^ "ROC post". Retrieved 7 December 2012.
External links edit
Media related to Crayke at Wikimedia Commons
- Echa 1 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England