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Coalition for Unity and Democracy

January 01, 1970

The Coalition for Unity and Democracy (Ge'ez : ቅንጅት ለአንድነት እና ዴሞክራሲ), commonly referred to by its English abbreviation CUD, or occasionally CDU (its Amharic abbreviation, used in Ethiopia, is Qinijit; in English writing often referred to as Kinijit),[2] was a coalition of four existing political parties of Ethiopia which combined to compete for seats in the Ethiopian General Elections held on May 15, 2005, and around the end of that year, became a full-fledged political party (the Coalition for Unity and Democracy Party). Its leader was Hailu Shawul and the political party was dissolved in 2007.

Coalition for Unity and Democracy
ቅንጅት ለአንድነት እና ዴሞክራሲ
PresidentHailu Shawul
SpokespersonLidetu Ayalew
First Vice-PresidentBirtukan Mideksa
Vice-presidentBerhanu Nega
Foreign Relations HeadYacob Haile-Mariam
Founded2004
Dissolved2007
HeadquartersAddis Ababa
Youth wingCUD Youth League
Membership (2004)4.6 million[1]
IdeologyEthiopian nationalism
Civic nationalism
Liberalism
Federalism
Populism
Political positionCentre-right
National affiliationUDJ
Ginbot 7
AEUP
SP
Website
kinijitethiopia.org
This article contains Ethiopic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Ethiopic characters.

2005 Ethiopian elections edit

Main article: Ethiopian general election, 2005

The four parties that combined to form the CUD are: Ethiopian Democratic League, All Ethiopian Unity Party (AEUP), United Ethiopian Democratic Party-Medhin Party and Rainbow Ethiopia: Movement for Democracy and Social Justice. At the legislative elections, 15 May 2005, the party won 89 out of 527 seats in the House of People's Representatives, representing the Regions of Amhara, Oromia, and of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNPR), as well as in the chartered cities of Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa.[3]

Despite the CUD winning 99% of Addis Ababa, the ruling party continued to govern the city. The CUD and the EU election observers said there was heavy election rigging and the opposition might have won more seats.

Engr. Hailu was placed under house arrest in early June 2005 after a government investigation into his alleged involvement in the planning of riots, which the government claims over 40 were killed, but were referred to by the CUD as street protests, concluded he was responsible.

In the elections for the Regional assemblies, the CUD won 137 of the 138 seats in the Addis Ababa administrative district, 106 of 294 in the Amhara Region, 11 of 89 in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, 1 of 82 in the Gambela Region, 3 of 36 in the Harari Region, 33 of 537 in Oromia, and 39 of 348 in the SNNPR.[4] But the split inside CUD has caused big problems. One of the parties that split was the old UEDP-Medhin and this was a major problem for the AEUP because without UEDP-Medhin, CUD support in Addis Ababa would have been "no more than marginal."[5]

After implying that the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) committed election fraud, on 6 November the CUD leadership called for a week of riots and a boycott of businesses owned by members of the EPRDF, as well as boycotting the new parliament. In response, the TPLF/EPRDF stripped CUD legislators of their parliamentary immunity, and arrested a large number of CUD members.[6]

As of October 2006, most of the leaders of the AEUP subparty remain imprisoned, awaiting the outcome of their trial that has spanned nearly a year starting from their arrest. Porous roofs, cramped conditions, extreme temperatures have all contributed to the numerous emergency room visits that the main leaders of the party have experienced. During this time the health of three of the major figures—Hailu, Professor Mesfin Woldemariam,[7] Berhanu Nega—has suffered during their incarceration, and required visits to the Police hospital. There is an international effort in motion that is trying to create harmony between EPRDF and CUD, but it has not made any progress.

The spirit of CUD and the Kinijit movement is still in motion. Berhanu Nega has written a book, published by MM publishing, providing his account not only of the CUD's role in the election, but also of his imprisonment, as well as of his fellow detainees.[8]

Criticisms edit

Engineer Hailu, a leader of the AEUP, was one of the ministers working for the previous Ethiopian Derg regime led by Mengistu Haile Mariam.[9] Under the Derg government, it was one of the darkest eras for Ethiopia, which some sources claim up to 1,500,000 Ethiopians were victims of the genocide. Due to this, many people have been worried about his rise into the executive leadership of this opposition party. Engineer Hailu held an insignificant ministry, The Ministry of State Farms and his role was primarily technical management of farms. He was never a significant player in the regime and had little influence on issue that had to do beyond the State Farms.

Also various negotiations between the UEDP-medhin opposition party and the AEUP opposition party failed. And this was a major problem for the AEUP that was originally united with UEDP-Medhin to make up the CUD because without UEDP-Medhin, CUD support in Addis Ababa would have been "no more than marginal."[5] Most people, including UEDP-Medhin and Rainbow party, have pointed out the hardliners inside AEUP, particularly Hailu Shawel, were the reasons for the disagreements.[10] Some members said AEUP leaders like Hailu Shawel "are chauvinists and dictators who think that they are the only best opposition party."[11]

The other issue was about accepting the parliamentary seats of the CUD party. When UEDP and others Disrespected the vote of the people and took their seats, some AEUP members, forced by Hailu, did not take their seats because they believed there was election fraud. Later, they organized a demonstration. Some said the hardliners in AEUP knew there would be massive riots beforehand.[12] One SBS journalist, Olivia Rousset, indicated that the government used too much force to calm the rioters.[13]

A major issue arose when even the closest people to Hailu rejected his stance and wanted to take their parliamentary seats instead of joining the banned protests that turned to riots. One of them, Berhanu Nega, stated that elected MPs and City Councilors would be betraying their constituents if they failed to take their seats.[14] But at the end, the minority in AEUP, including Hailu Shawel, forced CUD members to change direction, thus causing a permanent division between UEDP and AEUP. Most sources claim that the Rainbow party also split from Hailu's AEUP but the decision of mayor choice issues between UEDP and Rainbow allowed Hailu to dictate Rainbow's destiny. Following the split in the party, most subparties in CUD itself are working in the parliament as are the other opposition parties, with the exception of Hailu's AEUP members who have been charged with inciting the riots that resulted in many deaths.

Recent developments edit

The Walta Information Center reported 9 October that the CUD lost its legal life with the conclusion of the 2005 election, and is no longer accredited as a political party. Although a number of members of the Ethiopian Parliament still possess identification cards issued by the CUD, National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) deputy head Tesfaye Mengesha stated that this does not guarantee eligibility. The CUD that existed in the pre-election had long taken its exit, he concluded. "Today's CUD has borne nothing of the former, but the name."[15]

In a surprise development, the General Assembly of the CUD met on 22 October in the Hall of the NEBE in Addis Ababa, and elected new officials. Ayele Chamesso was elected party Chairman and the former Chairman Temesgen Zewde was elected Deputy Chairman in absentia, while Sasahulh Kebede became Secretary General. However Temesgen Zewde stated that the meeting was held against party rules and its decisions were illegal. When asked why the NEBE allowed the assembly to take place on its premises, Mekonnen Wondimu, the Acting Registrar of the NEBE Political Parties Registration Office, replied that the request had been made in writing by the Deputy Chairman of the party, and that the NEBE has never turned down the requests of political parties when they made similar requests.[16]

After a split between inside CUD in the diaspora, another split occurred to CUD in Ethiopia during the Ethiopian intervention in Somalia.[17] A CUD group led by Temesgen Zewde disapproved the decision by the government to go into Somalia, while a CUD group led by Tadesse Bekele (CUD's elected representative for Addis Ababa City Council) supported the ruling party's decision to go into Somalia. Tadesse said "Ethiopians have never been divided on the issue of the sovereignty of the country, and the stand of the CUD group led by Temesgen and some opposition parties has failed to prioritize national interest."[18]

After a long trial, the Ethiopian court found 38 CUD officials guilty of breaching Ethiopia's constitution. General charges ranged from armed rebellion to "outrage against the constitution".[19] In addition to organizing and provoking the violence, witnessed also accused some CUD leaders of attempting assassinations on government heads.[20] Various human rights organizations have accused the trial of being politically motivated.

Freedom and revival edit

After spending 20 months in jail and being convicted by the court, Kinijit leaders, after undergoing through amnesty board, were finally released on July 20, 2007.[21] According to the government and the mediator elders, the CUD prisoners signed an apology letter admitting partial responsibility for the post election violence and promising not to use unconstitutional means for any political aims.[22][23] In addition to their release, the prisoners' right to vote and seek public office also have been restored.[24] Following their release, the American government said "The United States appreciates the efforts of Ethiopian elders and civil society leaders that resulted in today’s pardon by the Ethiopian Government of 38 opposition leaders and journalists detained in the wake of political violence in 2005."[25]

Kinijit senior executives edit

Chairman: Eng. Hailu Shawel
1st Vice Chairperson: Birtukan Mideksa
Secretary: Muluneh Eyuel

Executive staff:
Abayneh Birhanu, Abdurahman Ahmedin, Akalu Gergrie, Hailu Alemayehu, Befikadu Degifie, Dereje Amensisa, Elala Tezera, Major Getachew Mengistu, Eng Gizachew Shiferaw, Leniesil Asfaw, Mulalem Tarekegn, Mesfin Ayalew, Seleshi Tena, Shimel Tekletsdik, and Yakob Hailemariam

In a recent[when?] development Hailu Shawel was said to be sacked and replaced by first vice-chairperson,[citation needed] Birtukan Mideksa, who as of November 2009 has been in prison since December 2008 and is considered to be a political prisoner by Human Rights Watch.[26]

References edit

  1. ^ [1], Coalition's for Unity and Democracy website (accessed 2 November 2009)
  2. ^ The Ethiopian consonants Q and K are often confused by foreigners, who mostly cannot pronounce Q correctly; consequently, the Q is often written as K in English context, even if both consonants would never be confused in the original Amharic script and in Amharic pronunciation
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 22 March 2006. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  4. ^ "2005 Regional State Council Elections in Ethiopia". Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  5. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2006-10-18. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  6. ^ ETHIOPIA: Recent arrests of opposition leaders and police killings of 46 demonstrators 2006-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (Amnesty International Website)
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  8. ^ "Berhanu Nega's must-read book out of Kaliti" 2012-02-16 at the Wayback Machine (Ethiomedia.com)
  9. ^ "ethiobserver". Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-10-18. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  12. ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-10-18. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  13. ^ SBS talks of the CUD riots November 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-10-18. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  15. ^ "NEBE says pre-election period only leaves CUD’s name behind" 2007-10-07 at the Wayback Machine (WIC)
  16. ^ CUD elects new leadership 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine (WIC)
  17. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  18. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
  19. ^ "BBC NEWS - Africa - Ethiopian protest leaders guilty". 11 June 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  20. ^ Foundation, Thomson Reuters. "Humanitarian - Thomson Reuters Foundation News". Retrieved 22 October 2016. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  21. ^
  22. ^ "Ethiopia: CUD Leaders Appeal for Amnesty Under Review: Says Gov't". 18 July 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2016 – via AllAfrica.
  23. ^
  24. ^ "World news and comment from the Guardian". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  25. ^ "Ethiopia Pardons Opposition Leaders and Journalists". U.S. Department of State. 20 July 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  26. ^ Ethiopia: New Law Ratchets up Repression (Human Rights Watch website) Retrieved on 2008-07-14.

External links edit

  • Official Homepage of CUD/Kinijit
  • Arrests follow Ethiopian deaths, BBC, 8 June 2005
  • Advocacy Ethiopia: Dedicated to the unconditional release of all political prisoners in Ethiopia 2019-09-17 at the Wayback Machine

January 01, 1970
coalition, unity, democracy, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, some, this, article, listed, sources, reliable, please, help, improve, this, article, looki. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help improve this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Coalition for Unity and Democracy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2006 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information August 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message The Coalition for Unity and Democracy Ge ez ቅንጅት ለአንድነት እና ዴሞክራሲ commonly referred to by its English abbreviation CUD or occasionally CDU its Amharic abbreviation used in Ethiopia is Qinijit in English writing often referred to as Kinijit 2 was a coalition of four existing political parties of Ethiopia which combined to compete for seats in the Ethiopian General Elections held on May 15 2005 and around the end of that year became a full fledged political party the Coalition for Unity and Democracy Party Its leader was Hailu Shawul and the political party was dissolved in 2007 Coalition for Unity and Democracy ቅንጅት ለአንድነት እና ዴሞክራሲPresidentHailu ShawulSpokespersonLidetu AyalewFirst Vice PresidentBirtukan MideksaVice presidentBerhanu NegaForeign Relations HeadYacob Haile MariamFounded2004Dissolved2007HeadquartersAddis AbabaYouth wingCUD Youth LeagueMembership 2004 4 6 million 1 IdeologyEthiopian nationalismCivic nationalismLiberalismFederalismPopulismPolitical positionCentre rightNational affiliationUDJGinbot 7AEUPSPWebsitekinijitethiopia orgPolitics of EthiopiaPolitical partiesElections This article contains Ethiopic text Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Ethiopic characters Contents 1 2005 Ethiopian elections 2 Criticisms 3 Recent developments 4 Freedom and revival 5 Kinijit senior executives 6 References 7 External links2005 Ethiopian elections editMain article Ethiopian general election 2005 The four parties that combined to form the CUD are Ethiopian Democratic League All Ethiopian Unity Party AEUP United Ethiopian Democratic Party Medhin Party and Rainbow Ethiopia Movement for Democracy and Social Justice At the legislative elections 15 May 2005 the party won 89 out of 527 seats in the House of People s Representatives representing the Regions of Amhara Oromia and of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples SNNPR as well as in the chartered cities of Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa 3 Despite the CUD winning 99 of Addis Ababa the ruling party continued to govern the city The CUD and the EU election observers said there was heavy election rigging and the opposition might have won more seats Engr Hailu was placed under house arrest in early June 2005 after a government investigation into his alleged involvement in the planning of riots which the government claims over 40 were killed but were referred to by the CUD as street protests concluded he was responsible In the elections for the Regional assemblies the CUD won 137 of the 138 seats in the Addis Ababa administrative district 106 of 294 in the Amhara Region 11 of 89 in the Benishangul Gumuz Region 1 of 82 in the Gambela Region 3 of 36 in the Harari Region 33 of 537 in Oromia and 39 of 348 in the SNNPR 4 But the split inside CUD has caused big problems One of the parties that split was the old UEDP Medhin and this was a major problem for the AEUP because without UEDP Medhin CUD support in Addis Ababa would have been no more than marginal 5 After implying that the ruling Ethiopian People s Revolutionary Democratic Front EPRDF committed election fraud on 6 November the CUD leadership called for a week of riots and a boycott of businesses owned by members of the EPRDF as well as boycotting the new parliament In response the TPLF EPRDF stripped CUD legislators of their parliamentary immunity and arrested a large number of CUD members 6 As of October 2006 update most of the leaders of the AEUP subparty remain imprisoned awaiting the outcome of their trial that has spanned nearly a year starting from their arrest Porous roofs cramped conditions extreme temperatures have all contributed to the numerous emergency room visits that the main leaders of the party have experienced During this time the health of three of the major figures Hailu Professor Mesfin Woldemariam 7 Berhanu Nega has suffered during their incarceration and required visits to the Police hospital There is an international effort in motion that is trying to create harmony between EPRDF and CUD but it has not made any progress The spirit of CUD and the Kinijit movement is still in motion Berhanu Nega has written a book published by MM publishing providing his account not only of the CUD s role in the election but also of his imprisonment as well as of his fellow detainees 8 Criticisms editEngineer Hailu a leader of the AEUP was one of the ministers working for the previous Ethiopian Derg regime led by Mengistu Haile Mariam 9 Under the Derg government it was one of the darkest eras for Ethiopia which some sources claim up to 1 500 000 Ethiopians were victims of the genocide Due to this many people have been worried about his rise into the executive leadership of this opposition party Engineer Hailu held an insignificant ministry The Ministry of State Farms and his role was primarily technical management of farms He was never a significant player in the regime and had little influence on issue that had to do beyond the State Farms Also various negotiations between the UEDP medhin opposition party and the AEUP opposition party failed And this was a major problem for the AEUP that was originally united with UEDP Medhin to make up the CUD because without UEDP Medhin CUD support in Addis Ababa would have been no more than marginal 5 Most people including UEDP Medhin and Rainbow party have pointed out the hardliners inside AEUP particularly Hailu Shawel were the reasons for the disagreements 10 Some members said AEUP leaders like Hailu Shawel are chauvinists and dictators who think that they are the only best opposition party 11 The other issue was about accepting the parliamentary seats of the CUD party When UEDP and others Disrespected the vote of the people and took their seats some AEUP members forced by Hailu did not take their seats because they believed there was election fraud Later they organized a demonstration Some said the hardliners in AEUP knew there would be massive riots beforehand 12 One SBS journalist Olivia Rousset indicated that the government used too much force to calm the rioters 13 A major issue arose when even the closest people to Hailu rejected his stance and wanted to take their parliamentary seats instead of joining the banned protests that turned to riots One of them Berhanu Nega stated that elected MPs and City Councilors would be betraying their constituents if they failed to take their seats 14 But at the end the minority in AEUP including Hailu Shawel forced CUD members to change direction thus causing a permanent division between UEDP and AEUP Most sources claim that the Rainbow party also split from Hailu s AEUP but the decision of mayor choice issues between UEDP and Rainbow allowed Hailu to dictate Rainbow s destiny Following the split in the party most subparties in CUD itself are working in the parliament as are the other opposition parties with the exception of Hailu s AEUP members who have been charged with inciting the riots that resulted in many deaths Recent developments editThe Walta Information Center reported 9 October that the CUD lost its legal life with the conclusion of the 2005 election and is no longer accredited as a political party Although a number of members of the Ethiopian Parliament still possess identification cards issued by the CUD National Election Board of Ethiopia NEBE deputy head Tesfaye Mengesha stated that this does not guarantee eligibility The CUD that existed in the pre election had long taken its exit he concluded Today s CUD has borne nothing of the former but the name 15 In a surprise development the General Assembly of the CUD met on 22 October in the Hall of the NEBE in Addis Ababa and elected new officials Ayele Chamesso was elected party Chairman and the former Chairman Temesgen Zewde was elected Deputy Chairman in absentia while Sasahulh Kebede became Secretary General However Temesgen Zewde stated that the meeting was held against party rules and its decisions were illegal When asked why the NEBE allowed the assembly to take place on its premises Mekonnen Wondimu the Acting Registrar of the NEBE Political Parties Registration Office replied that the request had been made in writing by the Deputy Chairman of the party and that the NEBE has never turned down the requests of political parties when they made similar requests 16 After a split between inside CUD in the diaspora another split occurred to CUD in Ethiopia during the Ethiopian intervention in Somalia 17 A CUD group led by Temesgen Zewde disapproved the decision by the government to go into Somalia while a CUD group led by Tadesse Bekele CUD s elected representative for Addis Ababa City Council supported the ruling party s decision to go into Somalia Tadesse said Ethiopians have never been divided on the issue of the sovereignty of the country and the stand of the CUD group led by Temesgen and some opposition parties has failed to prioritize national interest 18 After a long trial the Ethiopian court found 38 CUD officials guilty of breaching Ethiopia s constitution General charges ranged from armed rebellion to outrage against the constitution 19 In addition to organizing and provoking the violence witnessed also accused some CUD leaders of attempting assassinations on government heads 20 Various human rights organizations have accused the trial of being politically motivated Freedom and revival editAfter spending 20 months in jail and being convicted by the court Kinijit leaders after undergoing through amnesty board were finally released on July 20 2007 21 According to the government and the mediator elders the CUD prisoners signed an apology letter admitting partial responsibility for the post election violence and promising not to use unconstitutional means for any political aims 22 23 In addition to their release the prisoners right to vote and seek public office also have been restored 24 Following their release the American government said The United States appreciates the efforts of Ethiopian elders and civil society leaders that resulted in today s pardon by the Ethiopian Government of 38 opposition leaders and journalists detained in the wake of political violence in 2005 25 Kinijit senior executives editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2009 Learn how and when to remove this message Chairman Eng Hailu Shawel 1st Vice Chairperson Birtukan Mideksa Secretary Muluneh EyuelExecutive staff Abayneh Birhanu Abdurahman Ahmedin Akalu Gergrie Hailu Alemayehu Befikadu Degifie Dereje Amensisa Elala Tezera Major Getachew Mengistu Eng Gizachew Shiferaw Leniesil Asfaw Mulalem Tarekegn Mesfin Ayalew Seleshi Tena Shimel Tekletsdik and Yakob HailemariamIn a recent when development Hailu Shawel was said to be sacked and replaced by first vice chairperson citation needed Birtukan Mideksa who as of November 2009 has been in prison since December 2008 and is considered to be a political prisoner by Human Rights Watch 26 References edit 1 Coalition s for Unity and Democracy website accessed 2 November 2009 The Ethiopian consonants Q and K are often confused by foreigners who mostly cannot pronounce Q correctly consequently the Q is often written as K in English context even if both consonants would never be confused in the original Amharic script and in Amharic pronunciation Ethiopian Parliament Archived from the original on 22 March 2006 Retrieved 22 October 2016 2005 Regional State Council Elections in Ethiopia Retrieved 22 October 2016 a b result show without Medhin CUD was powerless in Addis Ababa Archived from the original on 2006 10 18 Retrieved 2007 05 03 ETHIOPIA Recent arrests of opposition leaders and police killings of 46 demonstrators Archived 2006 12 01 at the Wayback Machine Amnesty International Website Mesfin Woldemariam Archived from the original on 28 February 2007 Retrieved 22 October 2016 Berhanu Nega s must read book out of Kaliti Archived 2012 02 16 at the Wayback Machine Ethiomedia com ethiobserver Retrieved 22 October 2016 minority hardliners in CUD causing issues Archived from the original on 2006 10 18 Retrieved 2007 05 03 Members claim AEUP leaders like Hailu Shawel are dictators Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 22 October 2016 AEUP knew of riots Archived from the original on 2006 10 18 Retrieved 2007 05 03 SBS talks of the CUD riots Archived November 12 2007 at the Wayback Machine Berhanu Nega opposes Hailu Shawel Archived from the original on 2006 10 18 Retrieved 2007 05 03 NEBE says pre election period only leaves CUD s name behind Archived 2007 10 07 at the Wayback Machine WIC CUD elects new leadership Archived 2006 11 09 at the Wayback Machine WIC CUD division in the diaspora Archived from the original on 2007 09 28 Retrieved 2007 05 05 CUD in Ethiopia splits over the issue of Somalia Archived from the original on 2007 10 07 Retrieved 2007 05 05 BBC NEWS Africa Ethiopian protest leaders guilty 11 June 2007 Retrieved 22 October 2016 Foundation Thomson Reuters Humanitarian Thomson Reuters Foundation News Retrieved 22 October 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first has generic name help CUD leaders pardoned Ethiopia CUD Leaders Appeal for Amnesty Under Review Says Gov t 18 July 2007 Retrieved 22 October 2016 via AllAfrica vows to respect the rule of law and the constitution of the country World news and comment from the Guardian TheGuardian com Retrieved 22 October 2016 Ethiopia Pardons Opposition Leaders and Journalists U S Department of State 20 July 2007 Retrieved 22 October 2016 Ethiopia New Law Ratchets up Repression Human Rights Watch website Retrieved on 2008 07 14 External links editOfficial Homepage of CUD Kinijit Arrests follow Ethiopian deaths BBC 8 June 2005 Advocacy Ethiopia Dedicated to the unconditional release of all political prisoners in Ethiopia Archived 2019 09 17 at the Wayback Machine List of jailed CUD Kinijit leaders Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coalition for Unity and Democracy amp oldid 1193014108, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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