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Clog

Clogs are a type of footwear made in part or completely from wood. Used in many parts of the world, their forms can vary by culture, but often remained unchanged for centuries within a culture.

Klompen from the Netherlands

Traditional clogs remain in use as protective footwear in agriculture and in some factories and mines. Although they are sometimes negatively associated with cheap and folkloric footwear of farmers and the working class, some types are considered fashion wear today, such as Swedish träskor or Japanese geta.

Clogs are also used in several different styles of dance, where an important feature is the sound they produce against the floor. Clog dancing is one of the fundamental roots of tap dancing, but with tap shoes the taps are free to click against each other and produce a different sound from clogs.

Types

 
Wooden soled type English clogs
 
Overshoes type of clogs (pattens) with leather turnshoes (German), reconstruction of the Middle Ages

The Oxford English Dictionary[1] defines a clog as a "thick piece of wood", and later as a "wooden soled overshoe" and a "shoe with a thick wooden sole".

Welsh traditional clog maker Trefor Owen identified three main varieties of clogs: wooden upper, wooden soled and overshoes.[2]

  • Wooden upper clogs; are made by hollowing out a lump of solid wood to make a combined upper and lower. Two main variants can be seen:
    • whole foot clogs; where the wooden upper covers the whole of the foot to near the ankle, such as the Dutch klomp. They are also known as "wooden shoes". Whole foot clogs can give sufficient protection to be used as safety footwear without additional reinforcements.
    • half open clogs; where the wooden upper extends over the toes or slightly further, such as the Belgian sabots. The upper is similar in outline to a court shoe. Half open clogs may have additional covering or securing straps in some sort of fabric or leather.
  • Wooden soled clogs; use wood for the sole only. Wooden soled clogs come with a variety of uppers:
    • complete uppers made from leather or similar material, such as English clogs. For more protection, they may have steel toecaps and/or steel reinforcing inserts in the undersides of the soles
    • open sandal type fitting. For example, Japanese geta
    • toe peg styles. For example, Indian paduka
  • Overshoes; are wooden soles with straps designed to be worn over other footwear for protection, commonly known as pattens. Patten style clogs are not used anymore. However the derivative galoshes are common worldwide.

These divisions are not fixed: some overshoes look more like whole foot clogs, like Spanish albarca, whilst other wooden soled clogs raise and protect clothing in the way that overshoes do, such as Japanese geta.

The type of upper determines how the clogs are worn. Whole foot clogs need to be close fitting and can be secured by curling the toes. In contrast wooden soled clogs are fastened by laces or buckles on the welt and therefore the toes are relaxed as in shoes. Half open clogs may either be secured like whole foot clogs, or have an additional strap over the top of the foot. Some sandal types, and in particular toe peg styles, are worn more like "flip-flops" and rely on the grip between the big and next toe.

Flexing the foot

As they are primarily made from wood, clogs cannot flex under the ball of the foot as softer shoes do. To allow the foot to roll forward most clogs have the bottom of the toe curved up, known as the cast.[3] Some styles of clogs have "feet", such as Spanish albarca. The clog rotates around the front edge of the front "feet". Some Japanese and Indian clogs have "teeth" or very high pegs attached to the soles. The clog can rotate around the front edge of the front "tooth" as the wearer strides forward. Some medieval pattens were in two pieces, heel through to ball and ball to toes. Joining the two was a leather strip forming a hinge, thus allowing the shoe above to flex.[4] Klompen may have a carefully placed ease (space left around the foot), which allows the foot to bend, and the heel to lift within or out of the clog. Thick, springy wool socks provide flexibility in the fit.

Origins and history

 
Clogs in a 1400s painting
 
In this 1883 painting by Fritz von Uhde, painted in the Dutch town of Zandvoort, clogs are shown to be the 19th century townspeople's normal footwear.

The origin of wooden footwear in Europe is not precisely known. De Boer-Olij makes reference to the high, thick-soled boots of the Greek tragedy actors in Antiquity (the buskin) and to the shoes worn by Roman soldiers (the caligae).[5] However, there is a possibility that the Celtic and Germanic peoples from Southern and Northern Europe were familiar with some sort of wooden foot covering. Archaeological finds of these are not known. Wooden footwear often ended up as firewood and, because of its nature, wood will rot away in the long run. The oldest surviving wooden footwear in Europe is found in Amsterdam and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and dates from 1230 and 1280.[6] These finds look very similar to the wooden shoes that are still worn in the Netherlands.

Manufacture

Since wooden footwear was a hand-made product, the shape of the footwear, as well as its production process showed great local and regional diversity in style. At the beginning of the 20th century machine-made wooden footwear was introduced. After WW2, in particular, wooden shoes disappeared from sight. They were replaced by more fashionable all-leather and synthetic footwear. At present, only the so-called Swedish clogs (wooden bottom and leather top) is still seen as a trendy fashion item, often as ladies' high-heeled boots. Nevertheless, traditional wooden footwear is still popular in several regions in Europe and in some occupations, for its practical use. Some historic local variations have recently been replaced by uniform national models.

More information on the various methods of manufacture can be found from the gallery below.

Gallery

Presented below are typical clogs from the countries where they are found. Like many folk items, the boundaries of manufacture and use are regional and therefore do not always exactly follow those of modern states. So, in some countries two or more different types can be found. It is also possible that one type can be found in bordering countries. For example, Danish, German, Dutch, Belgian and clogs from Northwest France look quite similar. The links provide access to pages dealing with the different types of clog, their design, origin and manufacture.

Traditional European clogs

Traditional Asian clogs

Fashion clogs

 
Platform-sandal clog, with cork insole and rubber sole

In the 1970s and 1980s, Swedish clogs became popular fashion accessories for both sexes. They were usually worn without socks and were considered suitable attire for the avant-garde man.

In the 1980s and 1990s, clogs based on Swedish clogs returned in fashion for women. Platform clogs or sandals, often raised as high as 6 or even 8 inches right through between sole and insole, were worn in many western countries. The large mid layer was often made of solid cork, although some were merely of plastic with a cork covering. The sole, more often than not, was made of a light sandy-colored rubber.

In 2007, Dutch designers Viktor & Rolf introduced high heeled Dutch clogs on the catwalk, with their winter collection of 2007/08.[7][8] In 2010, Swedish clogs for women returned again in Chanel's and Louis Vuitton's Spring / Summer 2010 collection.[9]

Museums

 
World's biggest clog from one piece of wood, in Enter (Netherlands)

Citations

  1. ^ OED-clog.
  2. ^ Owen: CPRW 2012.
  3. ^ Note that some thick-soled women's shoes (stilleto or wedge), which while not wooden soled, are as rigid as clogs. They likewise have to have a noticeable cast.
  4. ^ Grew & De_Neergaard 2004, chapter on pattens.
  5. ^ De_Boer-Olij 2002, p. 13.
  6. ^ Wiedijk 2000, p. 2.
  7. ^ De_Greef 2007.
  8. ^ Cochran 2010.
  9. ^ Dykes.
  10. ^ Trip Advisor 2020.

General and cited references

  • De Boer-Olij, T. (2002), European Wooden Shoes. Their History and Diversity, ISBN 90-901544-7-7
  • De Greef, J. (27 February 2007), Hollands glorie bij Viktor & Rolf, retrieved 6 June 2012
  • Dykes, D. P., , archived from the original on 27 December 2019, retrieved 6 June 2012
  • Cochran, Lindsey (28 March 2010), "Before Chanel Clogs...There Was Viktor and Rolf", Every Clog has its Day, retrieved 5 January 2020
  • Grew, F.; De Neergaard, M. (2004), Shoes and Pattens: Finds from Medieval Excavations in London, ISBN 0-85115-838-2
  • "clog". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  • Owen, Trefor (21 April 2012), CPRW article, retrieved 20 June 2012
  • "Baimi Clogs Village". Trip Advisor. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
  • Wiedijk, F. (2000), Wooden Shoes of Holland, ISBN 90-71816-12-5

External links

  •   Media related to Clogs at Wikimedia Commons

clog, other, uses, disambiguation, type, footwear, made, part, completely, from, wood, used, many, parts, world, their, forms, vary, culture, often, remained, unchanged, centuries, within, culture, klompen, from, netherlands, traditional, clogs, remain, protec. For other uses see Clog disambiguation Clogs are a type of footwear made in part or completely from wood Used in many parts of the world their forms can vary by culture but often remained unchanged for centuries within a culture Klompen from the Netherlands Traditional clogs remain in use as protective footwear in agriculture and in some factories and mines Although they are sometimes negatively associated with cheap and folkloric footwear of farmers and the working class some types are considered fashion wear today such as Swedish traskor or Japanese geta Clogs are also used in several different styles of dance where an important feature is the sound they produce against the floor Clog dancing is one of the fundamental roots of tap dancing but with tap shoes the taps are free to click against each other and produce a different sound from clogs Contents 1 Types 2 Flexing the foot 3 Origins and history 4 Manufacture 5 Gallery 5 1 Traditional European clogs 5 2 Traditional Asian clogs 6 Fashion clogs 7 Museums 8 Citations 9 General and cited references 10 External linksTypes EditSee also Clog Gallery Wooden soled type English clogs Overshoes type of clogs pattens with leather turnshoes German reconstruction of the Middle Ages The Oxford English Dictionary 1 defines a clog as a thick piece of wood and later as a wooden soled overshoe and a shoe with a thick wooden sole Welsh traditional clog maker Trefor Owen identified three main varieties of clogs wooden upper wooden soled and overshoes 2 Wooden upper clogs are made by hollowing out a lump of solid wood to make a combined upper and lower Two main variants can be seen whole foot clogs where the wooden upper covers the whole of the foot to near the ankle such as the Dutch klomp They are also known as wooden shoes Whole foot clogs can give sufficient protection to be used as safety footwear without additional reinforcements half open clogs where the wooden upper extends over the toes or slightly further such as the Belgian sabots The upper is similar in outline to a court shoe Half open clogs may have additional covering or securing straps in some sort of fabric or leather Wooden soled clogs use wood for the sole only Wooden soled clogs come with a variety of uppers complete uppers made from leather or similar material such as English clogs For more protection they may have steel toecaps and or steel reinforcing inserts in the undersides of the soles open sandal type fitting For example Japanese geta toe peg styles For example Indian paduka Overshoes are wooden soles with straps designed to be worn over other footwear for protection commonly known as pattens Patten style clogs are not used anymore However the derivative galoshes are common worldwide These divisions are not fixed some overshoes look more like whole foot clogs like Spanish albarca whilst other wooden soled clogs raise and protect clothing in the way that overshoes do such as Japanese geta The type of upper determines how the clogs are worn Whole foot clogs need to be close fitting and can be secured by curling the toes In contrast wooden soled clogs are fastened by laces or buckles on the welt and therefore the toes are relaxed as in shoes Half open clogs may either be secured like whole foot clogs or have an additional strap over the top of the foot Some sandal types and in particular toe peg styles are worn more like flip flops and rely on the grip between the big and next toe Flexing the foot EditAs they are primarily made from wood clogs cannot flex under the ball of the foot as softer shoes do To allow the foot to roll forward most clogs have the bottom of the toe curved up known as the cast 3 Some styles of clogs have feet such as Spanish albarca The clog rotates around the front edge of the front feet Some Japanese and Indian clogs have teeth or very high pegs attached to the soles The clog can rotate around the front edge of the front tooth as the wearer strides forward Some medieval pattens were in two pieces heel through to ball and ball to toes Joining the two was a leather strip forming a hinge thus allowing the shoe above to flex 4 Klompen may have a carefully placed ease space left around the foot which allows the foot to bend and the heel to lift within or out of the clog Thick springy wool socks provide flexibility in the fit This cowherd appears to be wearing thick white wool socks and black leather turnshoes under her wooden overshoes which are eased Here the rearmost portion of the vamp is elastic leather and the shoe rotates using the cast of the toe Albarcas have three feet They rotate around the front clog feet located under the ball of the human foot Geta rotate around the front tooth which must be placed under the ball of the foot Tengu geta have only one tooth These wooden pattens are hinged at the ball of the foot Origins and history Edit Clogs in a 1400s painting In this 1883 painting by Fritz von Uhde painted in the Dutch town of Zandvoort clogs are shown to be the 19th century townspeople s normal footwear The origin of wooden footwear in Europe is not precisely known De Boer Olij makes reference to the high thick soled boots of the Greek tragedy actors in Antiquity the buskin and to the shoes worn by Roman soldiers the caligae 5 However there is a possibility that the Celtic and Germanic peoples from Southern and Northern Europe were familiar with some sort of wooden foot covering Archaeological finds of these are not known Wooden footwear often ended up as firewood and because of its nature wood will rot away in the long run The oldest surviving wooden footwear in Europe is found in Amsterdam and Rotterdam the Netherlands and dates from 1230 and 1280 6 These finds look very similar to the wooden shoes that are still worn in the Netherlands Manufacture EditSince wooden footwear was a hand made product the shape of the footwear as well as its production process showed great local and regional diversity in style At the beginning of the 20th century machine made wooden footwear was introduced After WW2 in particular wooden shoes disappeared from sight They were replaced by more fashionable all leather and synthetic footwear At present only the so called Swedish clogs wooden bottom and leather top is still seen as a trendy fashion item often as ladies high heeled boots Nevertheless traditional wooden footwear is still popular in several regions in Europe and in some occupations for its practical use Some historic local variations have recently been replaced by uniform national models More information on the various methods of manufacture can be found from the gallery below Gallery EditPresented below are typical clogs from the countries where they are found Like many folk items the boundaries of manufacture and use are regional and therefore do not always exactly follow those of modern states So in some countries two or more different types can be found It is also possible that one type can be found in bordering countries For example Danish German Dutch Belgian and clogs from Northwest France look quite similar The links provide access to pages dealing with the different types of clog their design origin and manufacture Traditional European clogs Edit Belgian sabot from Belgium Traesko from Denmark Sabot from France Holzschuh from Germany Clogs of the North Sea coasts in surf they are waterproof Reconstruction of a Venetian chopine after models dating from 1500 to 1600 On display at the Shoe Museum in Lausanne Zoccolo from Italy Klumpes from Lithuania Klomp from the Netherlands Tamanco from Portugal Asturian madrenas from Spain Cantabrian albarcas from Spain Traskor from Sweden Zoggeli from Switzerland English clog from the United KingdomTraditional Asian clogs Edit Tai Ping boots from China Paduka from India Bakiak id from Indonesia Geta from Japan Okobo from Japan Namaksin from Korea Terompah from Malaysia Bakya from the Philippines Nalin from TurkeyFashion clogs Edit Platform sandal clog with cork insole and rubber sole In the 1970s and 1980s Swedish clogs became popular fashion accessories for both sexes They were usually worn without socks and were considered suitable attire for the avant garde man In the 1980s and 1990s clogs based on Swedish clogs returned in fashion for women Platform clogs or sandals often raised as high as 6 or even 8 inches right through between sole and insole were worn in many western countries The large mid layer was often made of solid cork although some were merely of plastic with a cork covering The sole more often than not was made of a light sandy colored rubber In 2007 Dutch designers Viktor amp Rolf introduced high heeled Dutch clogs on the catwalk with their winter collection of 2007 08 7 8 In 2010 Swedish clogs for women returned again in Chanel s and Louis Vuitton s Spring Summer 2010 collection 9 Museums Edit World s biggest clog from one piece of wood in Enter Netherlands Bata Shoe Museum Canada International Wooden Shoe Museum Eelde Netherlands Bai Mi Wooden Clog Village Taiwan 10 Clitheroe Castle Museum Lancashire UKCitations Edit OED clog Owen CPRW 2012 Note that some thick soled women s shoes stilleto or wedge which while not wooden soled are as rigid as clogs They likewise have to have a noticeable cast Grew amp De Neergaard 2004 chapter on pattens De Boer Olij 2002 p 13 Wiedijk 2000 p 2 De Greef 2007 Cochran 2010 Dykes Trip Advisor 2020 General and cited references EditDe Boer Olij T 2002 European Wooden Shoes Their History and Diversity ISBN 90 901544 7 7 De Greef J 27 February 2007 Hollands glorie bij Viktor amp Rolf retrieved 6 June 2012 Dykes D P Clogs women s shoe trend archived from the original on 27 December 2019 retrieved 6 June 2012 Cochran Lindsey 28 March 2010 Before Chanel Clogs There Was Viktor and Rolf Every Clog has its Day retrieved 5 January 2020 Grew F De Neergaard M 2004 Shoes and Pattens Finds from Medieval Excavations in London ISBN 0 85115 838 2 clog Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Owen Trefor 21 April 2012 CPRW article retrieved 20 June 2012 Baimi Clogs Village Trip Advisor Retrieved 5 January 2020 Wiedijk F 2000 Wooden Shoes of Holland ISBN 90 71816 12 5External links Edit Media related to Clogs at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Clog amp oldid 1153154469, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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