Cloeon dipterum is a species of mayfly with a Holarctic distribution. It is the most common mayfly in ponds in the British Isles and the only ovoviviparous mayfly in Europe. Males differ from females in having turbinate eyes.
In common with other members of the genera Cloeon and Procloeon, C. dipterum has a single pair of wings.[3] This is also reflected in the specific epithetdipterum, which is from the Latin di-, meaning two, and the Greek pteron, meaning wing, and in his original description, Carl Linnaeus stated Inferiores alæ vix existunt ("smaller wings hardly present").[4]
The compound eyes of C. dipterum show a striking sexual dimorphism, whereby females have lateral apposition eyes, while the males' eyes have an additional dorsal "turban-shaped" parts that function as superposition eyes.[5] These extra eyes are thought to enable the males to locate isolated females in the mating swarm.[5]
Ecology and life cycleedit
Cloeon dipterum is unusual among mayflies in being ovoviviparous, and is the only ovoviviparous mayfly species known in Europe.[6] Females lay eggs 10–14 days after mating, and the eggs hatch as soon as they hit the water.[6] The larvae can survive for months in anoxic conditions, an adaptation which is necessary to survive the winter in ponds which freeze over and therefore contain little dissolved oxygen.[7] In captivity, adult females have been kept alive for up to three weeks.[8]
Distribution and taxonomyedit
Cloeon dipterum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 2nd edition of his Fauna Suecica.[4] Since then, Cloeon dipterum has been the recipient of unusually many taxonomic synonyms.[2] Alongside new combinations of Linnaeus' original name in different genera (Ephemera, Chloeon, Cloe and Cloeopsis), true synonyms include three introduced by Otto Friedrich Müller in 1776 (E. annulatum, E. rufulum and E. dimidiatum), one by William Elford Leach in 1815 (C. pallidum), two by John Curtis in 1834 (C. marmoratum and C. obscurum), three by James Francis Stephens in 1835 (C. cognatum, C. consobrinum and C. virgo), and one each by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1842 (C. affinis), Costa in 1882 (C. apicalis), Bengtsson in 1940 (C. inscriptum) and Jacob in 1969 (C. szegedi).
Cloeon dipterum is widespread across Europe and Asia. In the British Isles, C. dipterum is the commonest mayfly in ponds, with around 40% of all ponds containing C. dipterum, rising to 70% in the south.[9] In 1953, a single female Cloeon dipterum was discovered in Illinois, having not been previously recorded in North America, and was found near Lucas, Ohio in 1960.[10] The species is now known to have a wide distribution in North America. Individuals of C. dipterum from Madeira are now placed in a different species, Cloeon peregrinator.[11]
^Michael Chinery (1993). "Order Ephemeroptera - Mayflies". Insects of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins Field Guides (3rd ed.). Collins. pp. 52–57. ISBN978-0-00-219918-6.
^ abK. Wolburg-Buchholz (1977). "The superposition eye of Cloeon dipterum: the organization of the lamina ganglionaris". Cell and Tissue Research. 177 (1): 9–28. doi:10.1007/BF00221115. PMID 837404. S2CID 20180439.
^ abJ. E. Brittain (1982). "Biology of Mayflies". Annual Review of Entomology. 27: 119–147. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.27.010182.001003. S2CID 67818992.
^B. Nagell (1977). "Survival of Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera) larvae under anoxic conditions in winter". Oikos. 29 (1): 161–165. doi:10.2307/3543308. JSTOR 3543308. S2CID 53960941.
^John Obadiah Westwood (1840). An introduction to the modern classification of insects: founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families, Volume 2. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 27.
^. Pond Conservation. Archived from the original on May 15, 2010. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
^Jay R. Traver (1962). "Cloeon dipterum (L.) in Ohio (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)". Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society. 57 (2): 47–50.
^Jean-Luc Gattolliat; Samantha J. Hughes; Michael T. Monaghan; Michel Sartori (2008). "Revision of Madeiran mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1957: 52–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1957.1.2.
January 01, 1970
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Cloeon dipterum is a species of mayfly with a Holarctic distribution It is the most common mayfly in ponds in the British Isles and the only ovoviviparous mayfly in Europe Males differ from females in having turbinate eyes Cloeon dipterum Adult female Naiad larva Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Ephemeroptera Family Baetidae Genus Cloeon Species C dipterum Binomial name Cloeon dipterum Linnaeus 1761 Synonyms 1 2 Ephemera diptera Linnaeus 1761 basionym Ephemera annulata O F Muller 1776 Ephemera rufula O F Muller 1776 Ephemera dimidiata O F Muller 1776 Cloeon pallida Leach 1815 Cloeon marmoratum Curtis 1834 Cloeon obscurum Curtis 1834 Cloeon cognatum Stephens 1835 Cloeon consobrinum Stephens 1835 Cloeon virgo Stephens 1835 Cloe affinis Rambur 1842 Cloe apicalis Costa 1882 Cloeon inscriptum Bengtsson 1940 Cloeon szegedi Jacob 1969 Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology and life cycle 3 Distribution and taxonomy 4 See also 5 ReferencesDescription editIn common with other members of the genera Cloeon and Procloeon C dipterum has a single pair of wings 3 This is also reflected in the specific epithet dipterum which is from the Latin di meaning two and the Greek pteron meaning wing and in his original description Carl Linnaeus stated Inferiores alae vix existunt smaller wings hardly present 4 The compound eyes of C dipterum show a striking sexual dimorphism whereby females have lateral apposition eyes while the males eyes have an additional dorsal turban shaped parts that function as superposition eyes 5 These extra eyes are thought to enable the males to locate isolated females in the mating swarm 5 Ecology and life cycle editCloeon dipterum is unusual among mayflies in being ovoviviparous and is the only ovoviviparous mayfly species known in Europe 6 Females lay eggs 10 14 days after mating and the eggs hatch as soon as they hit the water 6 The larvae can survive for months in anoxic conditions an adaptation which is necessary to survive the winter in ponds which freeze over and therefore contain little dissolved oxygen 7 In captivity adult females have been kept alive for up to three weeks 8 Distribution and taxonomy editCloeon dipterum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the 2nd edition of his Fauna Suecica 4 Since then Cloeon dipterum has been the recipient of unusually many taxonomic synonyms 2 Alongside new combinations of Linnaeus original name in different genera Ephemera Chloeon Cloe and Cloeopsis true synonyms include three introduced by Otto Friedrich Muller in 1776 E annulatum E rufulum and E dimidiatum one by William Elford Leach in 1815 C pallidum two by John Curtis in 1834 C marmoratum and C obscurum three by James Francis Stephens in 1835 C cognatum C consobrinum and C virgo and one each by Jules Pierre Rambur in 1842 C affinis Costa in 1882 C apicalis Bengtsson in 1940 C inscriptum and Jacob in 1969 C szegedi Cloeon dipterum is widespread across Europe and Asia In the British Isles C dipterum is the commonest mayfly in ponds with around 40 of all ponds containing C dipterum rising to 70 in the south 9 In 1953 a single female Cloeon dipterum was discovered in Illinois having not been previously recorded in North America and was found near Lucas Ohio in 1960 10 The species is now known to have a wide distribution in North America Individuals of C dipterum from Madeira are now placed in a different species Cloeon peregrinator 11 See also editList of mayflies of the British IslesReferences edit Cloeon dipterum Linnaeus 1761 Integrated Taxonomic Information System a b Ryszard Sowa 1975 What is Cloeon dipterum Linnaeus 1761 Insect Systematics amp Evolution 6 3 4 215 223 doi 10 1163 187631275X00046 Michael Chinery 1993 Order Ephemeroptera Mayflies Insects of Britain and Northern Europe Collins Field Guides 3rd ed Collins pp 52 57 ISBN 978 0 00 219918 6 a b Carl Linnaeus 1761 1477 EPHEMERA dipterum Fauna Suecica 2nd ed p 377 a b K Wolburg Buchholz 1977 The superposition eye of Cloeon dipterum the organization of the lamina ganglionaris Cell and Tissue Research 177 1 9 28 doi 10 1007 BF00221115 PMID 837404 S2CID 20180439 a b J E Brittain 1982 Biology of Mayflies Annual Review of Entomology 27 119 147 doi 10 1146 annurev en 27 010182 001003 S2CID 67818992 B Nagell 1977 Survival of Cloeon dipterum Ephemeroptera larvae under anoxic conditions in winter Oikos 29 1 161 165 doi 10 2307 3543308 JSTOR 3543308 S2CID 53960941 John Obadiah Westwood 1840 An introduction to the modern classification of insects founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families Volume 2 Longman Orme Brown Green and Longmans pp 27 Mayflies Pond Conservation Archived from the original on May 15 2010 Retrieved June 15 2010 Jay R Traver 1962 Cloeon dipterum L in Ohio Ephemeroptera Baetidae Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 57 2 47 50 Jean Luc Gattolliat Samantha J Hughes Michael T Monaghan Michel Sartori 2008 Revision of Madeiran mayflies Insecta Ephemeroptera PDF Zootaxa 1957 52 68 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1957 1 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cloeon dipterum amp oldid 1035280047, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
