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Longman

Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.

Pearson Longman
Parent companyPearson Education
Founded1724; 299 years ago (1724)
FounderThomas Longman
SuccessorPearson PLC
Country of originEngland
Headquarters locationHarlow
Publication typesReference works, textbooks
ImprintsPearson Longman
Official websitewww.pearsonelt.com

Since 1968, Longman has been used primarily as an imprint by Pearson's Schools business. The Longman brand is also used for the Longman Schools in China and the Longman Dictionary.

History edit

Beginnings edit

 
Thomas Longman

The Longman company was founded by Thomas Longman (1699 – 18 June 1755), the son of Ezekiel Longman (died 1708), a gentleman of Bristol. Thomas was apprenticed in 1716 to John Osborn, a London bookseller, and at the expiration of his apprenticeship married Osborn's daughter. In August 1724, he purchased the stock and household goods of William Taylor, the first publisher of Robinson Crusoe, for £2282 9s 6d. Taylor's two shops in Paternoster Row, London, were known respectively as the Black Swan and the Ship,[1] premises at that time having signs rather than numbers, and became the publishing house premises.[citation needed]

Longman entered into partnership with his father-in-law, Osborn, who held one-sixth of the shares in Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728). Longman himself was one of the six booksellers, who undertook the responsibility of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary (1746–1755).[1]

Second and third generations edit

In 1754, Longman took into partnership his nephew, Thomas Longman (1730–1797), and the title of the firm became 'T. and T. Longman'. Upon the death of his uncle in 1755, Longman became sole proprietor. He greatly extended the colonial trade of the firm. In 1794, he took Owen Rees as a partner;[1][2] in the same year, Thomas Brown (c. 1777–1869) entered the house as an apprentice.[1]

Longman had three sons. Of these, Thomas Norton Longman (1771–1842) succeeded to the business. In 1804, two more partners, including Edward Orme & Thomas Hurst, were admitted, and the former apprentice Brown became a partner in 1811; in 1824, the title of the firm was changed to 'Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green'. A document of 1823 "Grant of Land in the Concan" printed by the firm under this name shows the name change was from 1823 or earlier.

In 1799, Longman purchased the copyright of Lindley Murray's English Grammar, which had an annual sale of about 50000 copies.[1] In the following year, Richmal Mangnall's Historical and Miscellaneous Questions for the Use of Young People was purchased, and went through 84 editions by 1857.[3] About 1800 he also purchased the copyright of Southey's Joan of Arc and Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads, from Joseph Cottle of Bristol. He published the works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey and Scott, and acted as London agent for the Edinburgh Review, which was started in 1802.[1] In 1802 appeared the first part of Rees's Cyclopædia, edited by Abraham Rees. This was completed in 39 volumes plus 6 volumes of plates in 1819.[citation needed]

In 1814 arrangements were made with Thomas Moore for the publication of Laila Rookh, for which he was paid £3000; and when Archibald Constable failed in 1826, Longmans became the proprietors of the Edinburgh Review. They issued in 1829 Lardner's Cabinet Encyclopaedia, and in 1832 McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary.[1]

Fourth and fifth generations edit

Thomas Norton Longman died on 29 August 1842, leaving his two sons, Thomas (1804–1879) and William (1813–1877), in control of the business in Paternoster Row. Their first success was the publication of Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome, which was followed in 1841 by the issue of the first two volumes of his History of England, which after a few years had a sale of 40000 copies.[1]

 
Thomas Norton Longman (1849–1930)

The two brothers were well known for their literary talent. Thomas Longman edited a beautifully illustrated edition of the New Testament, and William Longman was the author of several important books, among them a History of the Three Cathedrals dedicated to St Paul (1869) and a work on the History of the Life and Times of Edward III (1873). In 1863, the firm took over the business of John William Parker, and with it Fraser's Magazine, and the publication of the works of John Stuart Mill and James Anthony Froude; while in 1890 they incorporated with their own all the publications of the old firm of Rivington, established in 1711.[4] The family control of the firm (later 'Longmans, Green & Co.') was continued by Thomas Norton Longman, son of Thomas Longman.[1] In 1884 the firm employed John William Allen as an educationalist. Allen grew the firm's educational list, including textbooks he wrote himself. He later inherited the shares of W. E. Green and became a shareholder in 1918.

1900 onwards edit

In December 1940, Longman's Paternoster Row offices were destroyed[5] in The Blitz, along with most of the company's stock. The company survived this crisis, however, and became a public company in 1948.[6] Longman was acquired by the global publisher Pearson, owner of Penguin and The Financial Times, in 1968. Longman's medical lists was merged with other Pearson subsidiaries to form Churchill Livingstone in 1972. Also in 1972, Mark Longman, last of the Longman family to run the company, died.[7]

Longman continued to exist as an imprint of Pearson, under the name 'Pearson Longman'. Pearson Longman specialized in English, including English as a second or foreign language, history, economics, philosophy, political science, and religion.

Longman is now primarily used by Pearson's ELT business (English Language Teaching). The Longman brand is now only used for the Longman Schools in China and oddments such as the Longman Dictionary and Kennedy's Revised Latin Primer. All other textbooks and products use the Pearson brand/imprint.

Longman imprints edit

Longman imprints:[8]

  • 1724 T. Longman
  • 1725 J. Osborn and T. Longman
  • 1734 T. Longman
  • 1745 T. Longman and T. Shewell
  • 1747 T. Longman
  • 1753 T. and T. Longman
  • 1755 M. and T. Longman
  • 1755 T. Longman
  • 1793 T. N. Longman. Also T. Longman
  • 1797 Messrs. Longman and Rees
  • 1799 T. N. Longman and O. Rees
  • 1800 Longman and Rees
  • 1804 Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme
  • 1811 Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown
  • 1823 Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green
  • 1825 Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green
  • 1832 Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans
  • 1838 Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans
  • 1840 Longman, Orme & Co.
  • 1841 Longman, Brown & Co.
  • 1842 Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans
  • 1856 Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts
  • 1859 Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts
  • 1862 Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts and Green
  • 1865 Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer
  • 1880 Longmans, Green & Co.
  • 1926 Longmans, Green & Co. (Ltd.)
  • 1959 Longmans
  • 1969 Longman

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chisholm 1911, p. 984.
  2. ^ Gordon 1896.
  3. ^ Treasure 1997, p. [page needed].
  4. ^ Chisholm 1911b, p. 387.
  5. ^ Museum of London. "Bomb damage to Paternoster Square during the Blitz". Exploring 20th Century London. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  6. ^ www.bibliopolis.com. "A HISTORY OF LONGMANS AND THEIR BOOKS, 1724-1990: LONGEVITY IN PUBLISHING by Asa Briggs on Oak Knoll". Oak Knoll. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  7. ^ "Mark Longman Dies at 55; Head of British Publishers". New York Times. 8 September 1972.
  8. ^ Briggs 2008, Appendix 2.

References edit

  • Briggs, A. (2008). "Appendix 2". A history of Longmans and their books. London: British Library.
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rivington, Charles" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 387.
  • Gordon, Alexander (1896). "Rees, Thomas (1777-1864) § Owen" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 47. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 402.
  • Treasure, Geoffrey (1997). Who's Who in Late Hanoverian Britain (2nd ed.). London: Shepheard-Walwyn. ISBN 978-0-85683-137-9.

Attribution:

Further reading edit

External links edit

  Media related to Longman (publisher) at Wikimedia Commons

longman, other, uses, disambiguation, also, known, pearson, publishing, company, founded, london, england, 1724, owned, pearson, pearson, parent, companypearson, educationfounded1724, years, 1724, founderthomas, successorpearson, plccountry, originenglandheadq. For other uses see Longman disambiguation Longman also known as Pearson Longman is a publishing company founded in London England in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC Pearson LongmanParent companyPearson EducationFounded1724 299 years ago 1724 FounderThomas LongmanSuccessorPearson PLCCountry of originEnglandHeadquarters locationHarlowPublication typesReference works textbooksImprintsPearson LongmanOfficial websitewww wbr pearsonelt wbr comSince 1968 Longman has been used primarily as an imprint by Pearson s Schools business The Longman brand is also used for the Longman Schools in China and the Longman Dictionary Contents 1 History 1 1 Beginnings 1 2 Second and third generations 1 3 Fourth and fifth generations 2 1900 onwards 3 Longman imprints 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editBeginnings edit nbsp Thomas LongmanThe Longman company was founded by Thomas Longman 1699 18 June 1755 the son of Ezekiel Longman died 1708 a gentleman of Bristol Thomas was apprenticed in 1716 to John Osborn a London bookseller and at the expiration of his apprenticeship married Osborn s daughter In August 1724 he purchased the stock and household goods of William Taylor the first publisher of Robinson Crusoe for 2 282 9s 6d Taylor s two shops in Paternoster Row London were known respectively as the Black Swan and the Ship 1 premises at that time having signs rather than numbers and became the publishing house premises citation needed Longman entered into partnership with his father in law Osborn who held one sixth of the shares in Ephraim Chambers s Cyclopaedia 1728 Longman himself was one of the six booksellers who undertook the responsibility of Samuel Johnson s Dictionary 1746 1755 1 Second and third generations edit In 1754 Longman took into partnership his nephew Thomas Longman 1730 1797 and the title of the firm became T and T Longman Upon the death of his uncle in 1755 Longman became sole proprietor He greatly extended the colonial trade of the firm In 1794 he took Owen Rees as a partner 1 2 in the same year Thomas Brown c 1777 1869 entered the house as an apprentice 1 Longman had three sons Of these Thomas Norton Longman 1771 1842 succeeded to the business In 1804 two more partners including Edward Orme amp Thomas Hurst were admitted and the former apprentice Brown became a partner in 1811 in 1824 the title of the firm was changed to Longman Hurst Rees Orme Brown amp Green A document of 1823 Grant of Land in the Concan printed by the firm under this name shows the name change was from 1823 or earlier In 1799 Longman purchased the copyright of Lindley Murray s English Grammar which had an annual sale of about 50000 copies 1 In the following year Richmal Mangnall s Historical and Miscellaneous Questions for the Use of Young People was purchased and went through 84 editions by 1857 3 About 1800 he also purchased the copyright of Southey s Joan of Arc and Wordsworth s Lyrical Ballads from Joseph Cottle of Bristol He published the works of Wordsworth Coleridge Southey and Scott and acted as London agent for the Edinburgh Review which was started in 1802 1 In 1802 appeared the first part of Rees s Cyclopaedia edited by Abraham Rees This was completed in 39 volumes plus 6 volumes of plates in 1819 citation needed In 1814 arrangements were made with Thomas Moore for the publication of Laila Rookh for which he was paid 3 000 and when Archibald Constable failed in 1826 Longmans became the proprietors of the Edinburgh Review They issued in 1829 Lardner s Cabinet Encyclopaedia and in 1832 McCulloch s Commercial Dictionary 1 Fourth and fifth generations edit Thomas Norton Longman died on 29 August 1842 leaving his two sons Thomas 1804 1879 and William 1813 1877 in control of the business in Paternoster Row Their first success was the publication of Macaulay s Lays of Ancient Rome which was followed in 1841 by the issue of the first two volumes of his History of England which after a few years had a sale of 40000 copies 1 nbsp Thomas Norton Longman 1849 1930 The two brothers were well known for their literary talent Thomas Longman edited a beautifully illustrated edition of the New Testament and William Longman was the author of several important books among them a History of the Three Cathedrals dedicated to St Paul 1869 and a work on the History of the Life and Times of Edward III 1873 In 1863 the firm took over the business of John William Parker and with it Fraser s Magazine and the publication of the works of John Stuart Mill and James Anthony Froude while in 1890 they incorporated with their own all the publications of the old firm of Rivington established in 1711 4 The family control of the firm later Longmans Green amp Co was continued by Thomas Norton Longman son of Thomas Longman 1 In 1884 the firm employed John William Allen as an educationalist Allen grew the firm s educational list including textbooks he wrote himself He later inherited the shares of W E Green and became a shareholder in 1918 1900 onwards editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Longman news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message In December 1940 Longman s Paternoster Row offices were destroyed 5 in The Blitz along with most of the company s stock The company survived this crisis however and became a public company in 1948 6 Longman was acquired by the global publisher Pearson owner of Penguin and The Financial Times in 1968 Longman s medical lists was merged with other Pearson subsidiaries to form Churchill Livingstone in 1972 Also in 1972 Mark Longman last of the Longman family to run the company died 7 Longman continued to exist as an imprint of Pearson under the name Pearson Longman Pearson Longman specialized in English including English as a second or foreign language history economics philosophy political science and religion Longman is now primarily used by Pearson s ELT business English Language Teaching The Longman brand is now only used for the Longman Schools in China and oddments such as the Longman Dictionary and Kennedy s Revised Latin Primer All other textbooks and products use the Pearson brand imprint Longman imprints editLongman imprints 8 1724 T Longman 1725 J Osborn and T Longman 1734 T Longman 1745 T Longman and T Shewell 1747 T Longman 1753 T and T Longman 1755 M and T Longman 1755 T Longman 1793 T N Longman Also T Longman 1797 Messrs Longman and Rees 1799 T N Longman and O Rees 1800 Longman and Rees 1804 Longman Hurst Rees and Orme 1811 Longman Hurst Rees Orme and Brown 1823 Longman Hurst Rees Orme Brown and Green 1825 Longman Rees Orme Brown and Green 1832 Longman Rees Orme Brown Green and Longmans 1838 Longman Orme Brown Green and Longmans 1840 Longman Orme amp Co 1841 Longman Brown amp Co 1842 Longman Brown Green and Longmans 1856 Longman Brown Green Longmans and Roberts 1859 Longman Green Longman and Roberts 1862 Longman Green Longman Roberts and Green 1865 Longmans Green Reader and Dyer 1880 Longmans Green amp Co 1926 Longmans Green amp Co Ltd 1959 Longmans 1969 LongmanSee also editExpress Publishing Macmillan Publishers Oxford University PressNotes edit a b c d e f g h i Chisholm 1911 p 984 Gordon 1896 Treasure 1997 p page needed Chisholm 1911b p 387 Museum of London Bomb damage to Paternoster Square during the Blitz Exploring 20th Century London Retrieved 5 August 2021 www bibliopolis com A HISTORY OF LONGMANS AND THEIR BOOKS 1724 1990 LONGEVITY IN PUBLISHING by Asa Briggs on Oak Knoll Oak Knoll Retrieved 5 August 2021 Mark Longman Dies at 55 Head of British Publishers New York Times 8 September 1972 Briggs 2008 Appendix 2 References editBriggs A 2008 Appendix 2 A history of Longmans and their books London British Library Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Rivington Charles Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 23 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 387 Gordon Alexander 1896 Rees Thomas 1777 1864 Owen In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol 47 London Smith Elder amp Co p 402 Treasure Geoffrey 1997 Who s Who in Late Hanoverian Britain 2nd ed London Shepheard Walwyn ISBN 978 0 85683 137 9 Attribution nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Longmans Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 984 985 Further reading editBriggs Asa 26 May 2005 Longman family Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 72356 Subscription or UK public library membership required External links edit nbsp Media related to Longman publisher at Wikimedia Commons Official website of Longman USA Official website of Longman UK Longman Online Dictionary Longman family 1724 1972 by Asa Briggs at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Longman amp oldid 1180826211, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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