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Clavulinopsis fusiformis

December 04, 2023

Clavulinopsis fusiformis, commonly known as golden spindles, spindle-shaped yellow coral, or spindle-shaped fairy club, is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavariaceae.

Clavulinopsis fusiformis
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Clavariaceae
Genus: Clavulinopsis
Species:
C. fusiformis
Binomial name
Clavulinopsis fusiformis
(Sowerby) Corner (1950)
Synonyms[1]
  • Clavaria fusiformis Sowerby (1799)
  • Clavaria inaequalis var. fusiformis (Sowerby) Fr. (1828)
  • Ramariopsis fusiformis (Sowerby) R.H.Petersen (1978)

Taxonomy edit

The species was first described as Clavaria fusiformis by English botanist James Sowerby in 1799, from collections made in Hampstead Heath in London.[2] Elias Fries called it a variety of Clavaria inaequalis in 1828.[3] It was transferred to Clavulinopsis by E.J.H. Corner in 1950.[4] Ronald H. Petersen transferred it to Ramariopsis in 1978.[5]

The specific epithet fusiformis, derived from Latin, means "spindle-shaped".[6] It is commonly known variously as "golden spindles",[7] "spindle-shaped yellow coral",[8] or "spindle-shaped fairy club"[9] or, recently "French Fries Mushroom".[10]

Description edit

The fruit bodies take the shape of bright yellow, thin clubs 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) tall, with narrow, pointed tips. The firm and brittle flesh, also yellow, becomes hollow in maturity. The spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical, smooth, with dimensions of 5–9 by 4.5–8.5 µm. They have an apiculus that measures 1–2 µm long, and either a large oil droplet or several oil droplets. The basidia (spore-bearing cell) are club-shaped, measure 40–65 by 6–9 µm with a long cylindrical base that is 1.5–2.5 µm wide. It has a clamp connection at the base. Most basidia are four-spored, although there are occasionally two- and three-spored versions.[4] The flesh comprises both inflated hyphae up to 12 µm, and narrow hyphae up to 4  µm.[9] It is nonpoisonous,[11] and has been described as both edible[8][12] and inedible[7] in field guides. Fruit bodies are commonly collected and consumed in Nepal,[13] where it is known locally as Kesari chyau.[14]

Similar species edit

Clavaria fragilis is similar in size and morphology, but is white. Clavaria amoenoides is similar in size, and like Clavulinopsis fusiformis, grows in dense clusters, but it is much rarer.[7] It can be readily distinguished from C. fusiformis by microscopic examination, as it has inflated hyphae that lack clamp connections.[15] Clavulinopsis laeticolor is similar in color and form, but smaller, up to 5 cm (2.0 in) tall, lacks pointed tips, and tends to grow singly, scattered, or in loose groups.[16] Similarly, C. helvola and C. luteoalba have similar coloration, but are smaller and do not typically grow in clusters.[7]

Habitat and distribution edit

Clavulinopsis fusiformis is a saprobic species.[7] Fruit bodies grow on the ground in loose to dense clusters and scattered troops in grassy areas and among moss.[7] In Asia, it has been reported from Iran,[17] China,[18] Nepal,[13] and Japan. It is also found in Europe and North America.[4] In China it is one of the dominant macrofungal species found in Fargesia spathacea-dominated community forest at an elevation of 2,600–3,500 m (8,500–11,500 ft).[18]

Chemistry edit

The extract of Clavulinopsis fusiformis contains anti-B red blood cell agglutinin.[19]

References edit

  1. ^ "Clavulinopsis fusiformis (Sowerby) Corner :367, 1950". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-09-11.
  2. ^ Sowerby J. (1799). Coloured Figures of English Fungi. Vol. 2. London, UK: J. Davis. p. 98; plate 234.
  3. ^ Fries EM (1828). Elenchus Fungorum. Vol. 1. Greifswald, Germany: Ernestus Mauritius. p. 231.
  4. ^ a b c Corner EJH (1950). A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera. Annals of Botany Memoirs. Oxford University Press. p. 367.
  5. ^ Petersen RH (1978). "Notes on clavarioid fungi. XV. Reorganization of Clavaria, Clavulinopsis and Ramariopsis". Mycologia. 70 (3): 660–71. doi:10.2307/3759402. JSTOR 3759402.
  6. ^ Konstantinidis G. (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Medicine and Biology: In English, Greek, German, Italian and Latin. Elsevier. p. 607. ISBN 978-0-08-046012-3.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Roberts P, Evans S (2011). The Book of Fungi. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. p. 494. ISBN 978-0226721170.
  8. ^ a b Bessette A, Bessette AR, Fischer DW (1997). Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-0815603887.
  9. ^ a b Tylukti EE (1987). Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. Vol 2. Non-gilled Hymenomycetes. Moscow, Idaho: The University of Idaho Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 0-89301-097-9.
  10. ^ "Mushroom Identification Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
  11. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 342. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  12. ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 345. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  13. ^ a b Christensen M, Bhattarai S, Devkota S, Larsen HO (2008). "Collection and use of wild edible fungi in Nepal". Economic Botany. 62 (1): 12–23. doi:10.1007/s12231-007-9000-9. S2CID 6985365.
  14. ^ Adhikari MK, Devokta S, Tiwari RD (2005). "Ethnomycological knowledge on uses of wild mushrooms in western and central Nepal" (PDF). Our Nature. 3: 13–19. doi:10.3126/on.v3i1.329.
  15. ^ Roberts P. (2008). "Yellow Clavara species in the British Isles". Field Mycology. 9 (4): 142–145. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60593-2.
  16. ^ Davis RM, Sommer R, Menge JA (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. University of California Press. pp. 291–292. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4.
  17. ^ Saber M. (1989). "New records of Aphyllophorales and Gasteromycetes for Iran". Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 25 (1–4): 21–26. ISSN 0006-2774.
  18. ^ a b Zhang Y, Zhou DQ, Zhao I, Zhou TX, Hyde KD (2010). "Diversity and ecological distribution of macrofungi in the Laojun Mountain region, southwestern China". Biodiversity and Conservation. 19 (12): 3545–3563. doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9915-9. S2CID 24882278.
  19. ^ Furukuwa K, Ying R, Nakajima T, Matsuki T (1995). "Hemagglutinins in fungus extracts and their blood group specificity". Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics. 12 (4): 223–231. PMID 8919354.

External links edit

December 04, 2023
clavulinopsis, fusiformis, commonly, known, golden, spindles, spindle, shaped, yellow, coral, spindle, shaped, fairy, club, species, coral, fungus, family, clavariaceae, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, fungidivision, basidiomycotaclass, aga. Clavulinopsis fusiformis commonly known as golden spindles spindle shaped yellow coral or spindle shaped fairy club is a species of coral fungus in the family Clavariaceae Clavulinopsis fusiformisScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom FungiDivision BasidiomycotaClass AgaricomycetesOrder AgaricalesFamily ClavariaceaeGenus ClavulinopsisSpecies C fusiformisBinomial nameClavulinopsis fusiformis Sowerby Corner 1950 Synonyms 1 Clavaria fusiformis Sowerby 1799 Clavaria inaequalis var fusiformis Sowerby Fr 1828 Ramariopsis fusiformis Sowerby R H Petersen 1978 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 2 1 Similar species 3 Habitat and distribution 4 Chemistry 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy editThe species was first described as Clavaria fusiformis by English botanist James Sowerby in 1799 from collections made in Hampstead Heath in London 2 Elias Fries called it a variety of Clavaria inaequalis in 1828 3 It was transferred to Clavulinopsis by E J H Corner in 1950 4 Ronald H Petersen transferred it to Ramariopsis in 1978 5 The specific epithet fusiformis derived from Latin means spindle shaped 6 It is commonly known variously as golden spindles 7 spindle shaped yellow coral 8 or spindle shaped fairy club 9 or recently French Fries Mushroom 10 Description editThe fruit bodies take the shape of bright yellow thin clubs 5 15 cm 2 0 5 9 in tall with narrow pointed tips The firm and brittle flesh also yellow becomes hollow in maturity The spores are broadly ellipsoid to roughly spherical smooth with dimensions of 5 9 by 4 5 8 5 µm They have an apiculus that measures 1 2 µm long and either a large oil droplet or several oil droplets The basidia spore bearing cell are club shaped measure 40 65 by 6 9 µm with a long cylindrical base that is 1 5 2 5 µm wide It has a clamp connection at the base Most basidia are four spored although there are occasionally two and three spored versions 4 The flesh comprises both inflated hyphae up to 12 µm and narrow hyphae up to 4 µm 9 It is nonpoisonous 11 and has been described as both edible 8 12 and inedible 7 in field guides Fruit bodies are commonly collected and consumed in Nepal 13 where it is known locally as Kesari chyau 14 Similar species edit Clavaria fragilis is similar in size and morphology but is white Clavaria amoenoides is similar in size and like Clavulinopsis fusiformis grows in dense clusters but it is much rarer 7 It can be readily distinguished from C fusiformis by microscopic examination as it has inflated hyphae that lack clamp connections 15 Clavulinopsis laeticolor is similar in color and form but smaller up to 5 cm 2 0 in tall lacks pointed tips and tends to grow singly scattered or in loose groups 16 Similarly C helvola and C luteoalba have similar coloration but are smaller and do not typically grow in clusters 7 Habitat and distribution editClavulinopsis fusiformis is a saprobic species 7 Fruit bodies grow on the ground in loose to dense clusters and scattered troops in grassy areas and among moss 7 In Asia it has been reported from Iran 17 China 18 Nepal 13 and Japan It is also found in Europe and North America 4 In China it is one of the dominant macrofungal species found in Fargesia spathacea dominated community forest at an elevation of 2 600 3 500 m 8 500 11 500 ft 18 Chemistry editThe extract of Clavulinopsis fusiformis contains anti B red blood cell agglutinin 19 References edit Clavulinopsis fusiformis Sowerby Corner 367 1950 MycoBank International Mycological Association Retrieved 2013 09 11 Sowerby J 1799 Coloured Figures of English Fungi Vol 2 London UK J Davis p 98 plate 234 Fries EM 1828 Elenchus Fungorum Vol 1 Greifswald Germany Ernestus Mauritius p 231 a b c Corner EJH 1950 A monograph ofClavariaand allied genera Annals of Botany Memoirs Oxford University Press p 367 Petersen RH 1978 Notes on clavarioid fungi XV Reorganization of Clavaria Clavulinopsis and Ramariopsis Mycologia 70 3 660 71 doi 10 2307 3759402 JSTOR 3759402 Konstantinidis G 2005 Elsevier s Dictionary of Medicine and Biology In English Greek German Italian and Latin Elsevier p 607 ISBN 978 0 08 046012 3 a b c d e f Roberts P Evans S 2011 The Book of Fungi Chicago Illinois University of Chicago Press p 494 ISBN 978 0226721170 a b Bessette A Bessette AR Fischer DW 1997 Mushrooms of Northeastern North America Syracuse New York Syracuse University Press p 421 ISBN 978 0815603887 a b Tylukti EE 1987 Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest Vol 2 Non gilled Hymenomycetes Moscow Idaho The University of Idaho Press pp 87 88 ISBN 0 89301 097 9 Mushroom Identification Facebook Facebook Retrieved 2020 10 18 Miller Jr Orson K Miller Hope H 2006 North American Mushrooms A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi Guilford CN FalconGuide p 342 ISBN 978 0 7627 3109 1 Phillips Roger 2010 Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America Buffalo NY Firefly Books p 345 ISBN 978 1 55407 651 2 a b Christensen M Bhattarai S Devkota S Larsen HO 2008 Collection and use of wild edible fungi in Nepal Economic Botany 62 1 12 23 doi 10 1007 s12231 007 9000 9 S2CID 6985365 Adhikari MK Devokta S Tiwari RD 2005 Ethnomycological knowledge on uses of wild mushrooms in western and central Nepal PDF Our Nature 3 13 19 doi 10 3126 on v3i1 329 Roberts P 2008 Yellow Clavara species in the British Isles Field Mycology 9 4 142 145 doi 10 1016 S1468 1641 10 60593 2 Davis RM Sommer R Menge JA 2012 Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America University of California Press pp 291 292 ISBN 978 0 520 95360 4 Saber M 1989 New records of Aphyllophorales and Gasteromycetes for Iran Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology 25 1 4 21 26 ISSN 0006 2774 a b Zhang Y Zhou DQ Zhao I Zhou TX Hyde KD 2010 Diversity and ecological distribution of macrofungi in the Laojun Mountain region southwestern China Biodiversity and Conservation 19 12 3545 3563 doi 10 1007 s10531 010 9915 9 S2CID 24882278 Furukuwa K Ying R Nakajima T Matsuki T 1995 Hemagglutinins in fungus extracts and their blood group specificity Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics 12 4 223 231 PMID 8919354 External links editClavulinopsis fusiformis in Index Fungorum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Clavulinopsis fusiformis amp oldid 1173870784, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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