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List of rivers of Kerala

December 07, 2023

There are 44 major rivers in Kerala, all but three originating in the Western Ghats. 41 of them flow westward and 3 eastward. The rivers of Kerala are small, in terms of length, breadth and water discharge. The rivers flow faster, owing to the hilly terrain and as the short distance between the Western Ghats and the sea. All the rivers are entirely monsoon-fed and many of them shrink into rivulets or dry up completely during summer.

Features edit

 
Topography of Kerala

Kerala is wedged between the Lakshadweep Sea and the Western Ghats. Geographically, the state can be divided into three climatically distinct regions: the eastern highlands; rugged and cool mountainous terrain, the central mid-lands; rolling hills, and the western lowlands; coastal plains.[1]: 110  The eastern region of Kerala consists of high mountains, gorges and deep-cut valleys immediately west of the Western Ghats' rain shadow.[1]: 110  41 of Kerala's west-flowing rivers,[2] and 3 of its east-flowing ones originate in this region.[3][4] The 41 west-flowing rivers, each of which having at least a length of 15 km, gradually slopes towards the Arabian Sea coast in the western region and empty either into backwaters or Arabian Sea there.[5] The longer rivers have several tributaries and streams too.[5] The Western Ghats form a wall of mountains interrupted only near Palakkad; hence also known Palghat, where the Palakkad Gap breaks.[6] The river Bharathappuzha flows through the Palakkad Gap. The 3 east-flowing rivers also originate in Western Ghats, but flow eastwards either into Karnataka or Tamil Nadu.[5]

Kerala's western coastal belt is relatively flat compared to the eastern region, and is criss-crossed by a network of interconnected brackish canals, lakes, estuaries,[7] and rivers known as the Kerala Backwaters.[8] Kuttanad, also known as The Rice Bowl of Kerala, has the lowest altitude in India, and is also one of the few places in world where cultivation takes place below sea level.[9][10] The country's longest lake Vembanad, dominates the backwaters; it lies between Alappuzha and Kochi and is about 200 km2 (77 sq mi) in area.[11] Around eight percent of India's waterways are found in Kerala.[12] Kerala's 44 rivers include the Periyar; 244 kilometres (152 mi), Bharathapuzha; 209 kilometres (130 mi), Pamba; 176 kilometres (109 mi), Chaliyar; 169 kilometres (105 mi), Kadalundipuzha; 130 kilometres (81 mi), Chalakudipuzha; 130 kilometres (81 mi), Valapattanam; 129 kilometres (80 mi) and the Achankovil River; 128 kilometres (80 mi). The average length of the rivers is 64 kilometres (40 mi). Many of the rivers are small and entirely fed by monsoon rain.[13] As Kerala's rivers are small and lacking in delta, they are more prone to environmental effects. The rivers face problems such as sand mining and pollution.[14]

West flowing rivers edit

This is a list of the westward-flowing rivers of Kerala state in southern India, in order of length, and their tributaries. These rivers all originate in the Western Ghats range and flow westward into the Kerala Backwaters or into the Arabian Sea. Length in kilometers is in parentheses. Kasaragod district have the maximum number of west-flowing rivers in Kerala - 12.[15]

 
The 244 km long Periyar, known as Choorni in ancient period, is the longest river in Kerala.[5]
 
Bharathappuzha, the second-longest river of Kerala of which 209 km flows through Kerala, has played a major role in shaping the Culture of Kerala.[16][17]
 
Kuttanad, the region having least altitude in India, is located on the bank of river Pamba, which is the third-longest river of Kerala with a length of 176 km.[18]
 
The oldest Teak plantation of the world at Nilambur is situated on the bank of Chaliyar, the fourth-longest river of Kerala (169 km).[19]
 
The 130 km long Kadalundi River, which empties into the sea near Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary, is the fifth-longest river in Kerala.
 
Athirappilly Falls is situated on the 130 km long Chalakudy River.
  1. Periyar River (244)
    1. Edamala River
    2. Cheruthoni River
    3. Mullayar River
    4. Muthirapuzha River
    5. Perinjankutti River
    6. Ambazhachal River
    7. Kaniyampuzha River
    8. Muttar River
    9. Panniyar
  2. Bharatapuzha River (209)
    1. Thuthapuzha River
    2. Kanjirappuzha
    3. Gayathripuzha River
    4. Kalpathipuzha River
    5. Kannadipuzha River
  3. Pamba River (176)
    1. Azhuthayar
    2. Kakkiyar
    3. Kakkattar
    4. Kallar
    5. Perunthenaruvi
    6. Madatharuvi
    7. Thanungattilthodu
    8. Kozhithodu
    9. Varattar
    10. Utharappalli River
    11. Kuttemperoor
  4. Chaliyar River (169)
    1. Cherupuzha (Mavoor)
    2. Iruvanjippuzha
    3. Thottumukkam River
    4. Kuthirappuzha
    5. Kuruvanpuzha
    6. Karimpuzha
    7. Pandippuzha
    8. Neerppuzha
  5. Chalakudy River (145)
    1. Parambikulam River
  6. Kadalundy River (130)
  7. Achankoil River (128)
    1. Utharappalli River
  8. Kallada River (121)
  9. Muvattupuzha River (121)
    1. Thodupuzha River
    2. Kothayar River
    3. Kaliyar River
    4. Kariyar River
    5. Thevalakkadu River
    6. Uzhavoor River
  10. Valapattanam River (110)
    1. Bavali River
    2. Pulloopi River
    3. Payyavoor River
    4. Mundayapuzha River
    5. Veni River
    6. Aralam River
  11. Chandragiri River (105)
    1. Kudumbur River
  12. Manimala River (90)
  13. Vamanapuram River (88)
  14. Kuppam River (88)
    1. Kuttikol River
  15. Meenachil River (78)
    1. Meenachal River
    2. Kodoor River
    3. Karapuzha River
    4. Pulinackal River
    5. Moorkankavu River
  16. Kuttiyadi River (74)
  17. Karamana River (68)
  18. Shiriya River (68)
  19. Kariangode River (64)
    1. Chaithravahini River
  20. Ithikkara River (56)
  21. Neyyar River (56)
  22. Mahe River (54)
    1. Mundathode River
  23. Keecheri River (51)
  24. Perumba River (51)
    1. Vayalapra River
  25. Uppala River (50)
  26. Karuvannur River (48)
    1. Kurumali River
    2. Manali River
  27. Anjarakandy River (48)
  28. Tirur River (48)
  29. Neeleshwaram River (46)
  30. Pallikkal River (42)
  31. Kallayi River (40)
  32. Korapuzha River (40)
  33. Mogral River (34)
  34. Kavvayi River (31)
    1. Kankol
    2. Vannathichal
    3. Kuppithodu
    4. Kuniyan
  35. Thanikkudam River (29)
  36. Thalassery River (28)
    1. Ummanchira River
  37. Mamam river (27)
  38. Chithari River (25)
  39. Ramapuram River (19)
  40. Ayiroor River (17)
  41. Manjeswaram River (16)

East flowing rivers edit

 
The east-flowing Bhavani River flows near Silent Valley National Park.

There are three rivers rise in Kerala and flow eastwards, Kabini into Karnataka and the other two into Tamil Nadu. All the three rivers ultimately join the Kaveri river.

  1. Kabani (57)
  2. Bhavani (38)
  3. Pambar (25)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Srikumar Chattopadhyay; Richard W. Franke (2006). Striving for Sustainability: Environmental Stress and Democratic Initiatives in Kerala. ISBN 978-8180692949. Retrieved 19 March 2019.
  2. ^ S. N. Sadasivan (2003). River Disputes in India: Kerala Rivers Under Siege. Mittal Publications. p. 223. ISBN 978-8170999133. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  3. ^ Pratiyogita Darpan (September 2006). Pratiyogita Darpan. Pratiyogita Darpan. p. 72. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  4. ^ Motilal (UK) Books of India (2008). Tourist Guide Kerala. Sura Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-8174781642. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  5. ^ a b c d Chandran 2018, p. 341.
  6. ^ Chandran Nair, Dr.S.Sathis. "India – Silent Valley Rainforest Under Threat Once More". rainforestinfo.org.au. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  7. ^ Danny Moss (2010). Public Relations Cases: International Perspectives. Taylor & Francis. p. 41. ISBN 978-0415773362. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  8. ^ Edgar Thorpe (2012). The Pearson CSAT Manual 2012. Pearson Education India. p. 3. ISBN 978-8131767344. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  9. ^ Press Trust of India (1 June 2020). "Kerala Boat Ferries Lone Passenger To Help Her Take Exam". NDTV. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  10. ^ Suchitra, M (13 August 2003). . The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  11. ^ Majid Husain (2011). Understanding: Geographical: Map Entries: for Civil Services Examinations: Second Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 9. ISBN 978-0070702882. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  12. ^ Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI—Ministry of Shipping) (2005). "Introduction to Inland Water Transport". IWAI (Ministry of Shipping). Archived from the original on 4 February 2005. Retrieved 19 January 2006.
  13. ^ India., Planning Commission (2008). Kerala Development Report. Academic Foundation. p. 224. ISBN 978-8171885947.
  14. ^ Padmalal D, Maya K, Sreebha S & Sreeja R, (2007), "Environmental effects of river sand mining: a case from the river catchments of Vembanad lake, Southwest coast of India", Environmental Geology 54(4), 879–89. springerlink.com. Retrieved 17 July 2009.
  15. ^ Chandran 2018, p. 448.
  16. ^ Binoy, Rasmi (27 September 2018). "The river sutra". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  17. ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007). A Survey of Kerala History. DC Books. ISBN 9788126415786.
  18. ^ Chandran 2018, p. 342.
  19. ^ "Oldest teak plantation, Conolly's Plot, to reopen after maintenance". Mathrubhumi. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2020.

Notes edit

  • Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019 (Malayalam Edition). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.

December 07, 2023
list, rivers, kerala, there, major, rivers, kerala, three, originating, western, ghats, them, flow, westward, eastward, rivers, kerala, small, terms, length, breadth, water, discharge, rivers, flow, faster, owing, hilly, terrain, short, distance, between, west. There are 44 major rivers in Kerala all but three originating in the Western Ghats 41 of them flow westward and 3 eastward The rivers of Kerala are small in terms of length breadth and water discharge The rivers flow faster owing to the hilly terrain and as the short distance between the Western Ghats and the sea All the rivers are entirely monsoon fed and many of them shrink into rivulets or dry up completely during summer Contents 1 Features 2 West flowing rivers 3 East flowing rivers 4 See also 5 References 6 NotesFeatures edit nbsp Topography of KeralaKerala is wedged between the Lakshadweep Sea and the Western Ghats Geographically the state can be divided into three climatically distinct regions the eastern highlands rugged and cool mountainous terrain the central mid lands rolling hills and the western lowlands coastal plains 1 110 The eastern region of Kerala consists of high mountains gorges and deep cut valleys immediately west of the Western Ghats rain shadow 1 110 41 of Kerala s west flowing rivers 2 and 3 of its east flowing ones originate in this region 3 4 The 41 west flowing rivers each of which having at least a length of 15 km gradually slopes towards the Arabian Sea coast in the western region and empty either into backwaters or Arabian Sea there 5 The longer rivers have several tributaries and streams too 5 The Western Ghats form a wall of mountains interrupted only near Palakkad hence also known Palghat where the Palakkad Gap breaks 6 The river Bharathappuzha flows through the Palakkad Gap The 3 east flowing rivers also originate in Western Ghats but flow eastwards either into Karnataka or Tamil Nadu 5 Kerala s western coastal belt is relatively flat compared to the eastern region and is criss crossed by a network of interconnected brackish canals lakes estuaries 7 and rivers known as the Kerala Backwaters 8 Kuttanad also known as The Rice Bowl of Kerala has the lowest altitude in India and is also one of the few places in world where cultivation takes place below sea level 9 10 The country s longest lake Vembanad dominates the backwaters it lies between Alappuzha and Kochi and is about 200 km2 77 sq mi in area 11 Around eight percent of India s waterways are found in Kerala 12 Kerala s 44 rivers include the Periyar 244 kilometres 152 mi Bharathapuzha 209 kilometres 130 mi Pamba 176 kilometres 109 mi Chaliyar 169 kilometres 105 mi Kadalundipuzha 130 kilometres 81 mi Chalakudipuzha 130 kilometres 81 mi Valapattanam 129 kilometres 80 mi and the Achankovil River 128 kilometres 80 mi The average length of the rivers is 64 kilometres 40 mi Many of the rivers are small and entirely fed by monsoon rain 13 As Kerala s rivers are small and lacking in delta they are more prone to environmental effects The rivers face problems such as sand mining and pollution 14 West flowing rivers editThis is a list of the westward flowing rivers of Kerala state in southern India in order of length and their tributaries These rivers all originate in the Western Ghats range and flow westward into the Kerala Backwaters or into the Arabian Sea Length in kilometers is in parentheses Kasaragod district have the maximum number of west flowing rivers in Kerala 12 15 nbsp The 244 km long Periyar known as Choorni in ancient period is the longest river in Kerala 5 nbsp Bharathappuzha the second longest river of Kerala of which 209 km flows through Kerala has played a major role in shaping the Culture of Kerala 16 17 nbsp Kuttanad the region having least altitude in India is located on the bank of river Pamba which is the third longest river of Kerala with a length of 176 km 18 nbsp The oldest Teak plantation of the world at Nilambur is situated on the bank of Chaliyar the fourth longest river of Kerala 169 km 19 nbsp The 130 km long Kadalundi River which empties into the sea near Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary is the fifth longest river in Kerala nbsp Athirappilly Falls is situated on the 130 km long Chalakudy River Periyar River 244 Edamala River Cheruthoni River Mullayar River Muthirapuzha River Perinjankutti River Ambazhachal River Kaniyampuzha River Muttar River Panniyar Bharatapuzha River 209 Thuthapuzha River Kanjirappuzha Gayathripuzha River Kalpathipuzha River Kannadipuzha River Pamba River 176 Azhuthayar Kakkiyar Kakkattar Kallar Perunthenaruvi Madatharuvi Thanungattilthodu Kozhithodu Varattar Utharappalli River Kuttemperoor Chaliyar River 169 Cherupuzha Mavoor Iruvanjippuzha Thottumukkam River Kuthirappuzha Kuruvanpuzha Karimpuzha Pandippuzha Neerppuzha Chalakudy River 145 Parambikulam River Kadalundy River 130 Achankoil River 128 Utharappalli River Kallada River 121 Muvattupuzha River 121 Thodupuzha River Kothayar River Kaliyar River Kariyar River Thevalakkadu River Uzhavoor River Valapattanam River 110 Bavali River Pulloopi River Payyavoor River Mundayapuzha River Veni River Aralam River Chandragiri River 105 Kudumbur River Manimala River 90 Vamanapuram River 88 Kuppam River 88 Kuttikol River Meenachil River 78 Meenachal River Kodoor River Karapuzha River Pulinackal River Moorkankavu River Kuttiyadi River 74 Karamana River 68 Shiriya River 68 Kariangode River 64 Chaithravahini River Ithikkara River 56 Neyyar River 56 Mahe River 54 Mundathode River Keecheri River 51 Perumba River 51 Vayalapra River Uppala River 50 Karuvannur River 48 Kurumali River Manali River Anjarakandy River 48 Tirur River 48 Neeleshwaram River 46 Pallikkal River 42 Kallayi River 40 Korapuzha River 40 Mogral River 34 Kavvayi River 31 Kankol Vannathichal Kuppithodu Kuniyan Thanikkudam River 29 Thalassery River 28 Ummanchira River Mamam river 27 Chithari River 25 Ramapuram River 19 Ayiroor River 17 Manjeswaram River 16 East flowing rivers edit nbsp The east flowing Bhavani River flows near Silent Valley National Park There are three rivers rise in Kerala and flow eastwards Kabini into Karnataka and the other two into Tamil Nadu All the three rivers ultimately join the Kaveri river Kabani 57 Bhavani 38 Pambar 25 See also editList of dams and reservoirs in Kerala List of mountains in Kerala Kerala backwatersReferences edit a b Srikumar Chattopadhyay Richard W Franke 2006 Striving for Sustainability Environmental Stress and Democratic Initiatives in Kerala ISBN 978 8180692949 Retrieved 19 March 2019 S N Sadasivan 2003 River Disputes in India Kerala Rivers Under Siege Mittal Publications p 223 ISBN 978 8170999133 Retrieved 18 November 2012 Pratiyogita Darpan September 2006 Pratiyogita Darpan Pratiyogita Darpan p 72 Retrieved 18 November 2012 Motilal UK Books of India 2008 Tourist Guide Kerala Sura Books p 11 ISBN 978 8174781642 Retrieved 18 November 2012 a b c d Chandran 2018 p 341 Chandran Nair Dr S Sathis India Silent Valley Rainforest Under Threat Once More rainforestinfo org au Retrieved 12 November 2015 Danny Moss 2010 Public Relations Cases International Perspectives Taylor amp Francis p 41 ISBN 978 0415773362 Retrieved 18 November 2012 Edgar Thorpe 2012 The Pearson CSAT Manual 2012 Pearson Education India p 3 ISBN 978 8131767344 Retrieved 18 November 2012 Press Trust of India 1 June 2020 Kerala Boat Ferries Lone Passenger To Help Her Take Exam NDTV Retrieved 17 November 2020 Suchitra M 13 August 2003 Thirst below sea level The Hindu Archived from the original on 22 September 2019 Retrieved 17 November 2020 Majid Husain 2011 Understanding Geographical Map Entries for Civil Services Examinations Second Edition Tata McGraw Hill Education p 9 ISBN 978 0070702882 Retrieved 18 November 2012 Inland Waterways Authority of India IWAI Ministry of Shipping 2005 Introduction to Inland Water Transport IWAI Ministry of Shipping Archived from the original on 4 February 2005 Retrieved 19 January 2006 India Planning Commission 2008 Kerala Development Report Academic Foundation p 224 ISBN 978 8171885947 Padmalal D Maya K Sreebha S amp Sreeja R 2007 Environmental effects of river sand mining a case from the river catchments of Vembanad lake Southwest coast of India Environmental Geology 54 4 879 89 springerlink com Retrieved 17 July 2009 Chandran 2018 p 448 Binoy Rasmi 27 September 2018 The river sutra The Hindu Retrieved 24 January 2021 Menon A Sreedhara 2007 A Survey of Kerala History DC Books ISBN 9788126415786 Chandran 2018 p 342 Oldest teak plantation Conolly s Plot to reopen after maintenance Mathrubhumi 16 May 2017 Retrieved 12 October 2020 Notes editChandran VP 2018 Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus 2019 Malayalam Edition Kozhikode P V Chandran Managing Editor Mathrubhumi Printing amp Publishing Company Limited Kozhikode Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of rivers of Kerala amp oldid 1181958007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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