In fungi, a basidiocarp, basidiome, or basidioma (pl. basidiomata) is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete, the multicellular structure on which the spore-producing hymenium is borne. Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes; rusts and smuts do not produce such structures. As with other sporocarps, epigeous (above-ground) basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye (especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology) are commonly referred to as mushrooms, while hypogeous (underground) basidiocarps are usually called false truffles.
Schematic representation of a typical basidiocarp, showing fruiting body, hymenium and basidia
All basidiocarps serve as the structure on which the hymenium is produced. Basidia are found on the surface of the hymenium, and the basidia ultimately produce spores. In its simplest form, a basidiocarp consists of an undifferentiated fruiting structure with a hymenium on the surface; such a structure is characteristic of many simple jelly and club fungi. In more complex basidiocarps, there is differentiation into a stipe, a pileus, and/or various types of hymenophores.
Basidiocarps are classified into various types of growth forms based on the degree of differentiation into a stipe, pileus, and hymenophore, as well as the type of hymenophore, if present.
club fungus and coral fungus – erect fruiting body without a distinct stalk and cap, either unbranched (club fungus) or profusely branched (coral fungus).
polypore – underside of the fruiting body usually consists of tubes; otherwise very variable, usually wood-inhabiting
tooth fungus or hydnoid fungus - underside of the fruiting body composed of spines or teeth
corticioid fungus - the underside of the fruiting body is usually smooth or with spines (vs. hydnoid fungi) but not poroid nor gilled; typically effused without caps
cantharelloid fungus – fruiting body with shallow fold-like gills running over most of the lower surface of the fruiting body and not much differentiation between the stalk and cap.
gasteromycete or "gastroid fungus" – fruiting body has a ball-like shape and in which the hymenophore has become entirely enclosed on the inside of the fruiting body.
false truffle – like a gasteromycete, however, but with a hypogeous (underground) fruiting body.
secotioid fungus – like a gasteromycete, but with a stalk. Thought to be an evolutionarily intermediate stage between a gasteromycete and an agaric.
agaric or gill fungi – fruiting body with caps, gills, and (usually) a stalk.
bolete – fleshy fruiting body with a cap, a stalk, and tubes on the underside.
Basic divisions of Agaricomycotina were formerly based entirely upon the growth form of the mushroom. Molecular phylogenetic investigation (as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi. For example, agarics have arisen independently in the Agaricales, the Boletales, the Russulales, and other groups, while secotioid fungi and false truffles have arisen independently many times just within the Agaricales.[1]
^"MykoWeb: Evolution & Morphology in the Homobasidiomycetes". www.mykoweb.com. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
External links
Evolution & Morphology in the Homobasidiomycetes: The Clade/Morphology Chart by Gary Lincoff & Michael Wood, MykoWeb, November 27, 2005.
"Mycomorphology Part 1: Why Do Mushrooms Look Like Mushrooms?" by Peter Werner, Mycena News, December 2002. (Archived at MycoWeb)
"Mycomorphology Part 2: Basidiocarp Keeps its Balance" by Peter Werner, Mycena News, March 2003. (Archived at MycoWeb)
February 26, 2023
basidiocarp, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, january, 2016, learn, when, rem. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message In fungi a basidiocarp basidiome or basidioma pl basidiomata is the sporocarp of a basidiomycete the multicellular structure on which the spore producing hymenium is borne Basidiocarps are characteristic of the hymenomycetes rusts and smuts do not produce such structures As with other sporocarps epigeous above ground basidiocarps that are visible to the naked eye especially those with a more or less agaricoid morphology are commonly referred to as mushrooms while hypogeous underground basidiocarps are usually called false truffles Schematic representation of a typical basidiocarp showing fruiting body hymenium and basidia Contents 1 Structure 2 Types 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksStructure EditAll basidiocarps serve as the structure on which the hymenium is produced Basidia are found on the surface of the hymenium and the basidia ultimately produce spores In its simplest form a basidiocarp consists of an undifferentiated fruiting structure with a hymenium on the surface such a structure is characteristic of many simple jelly and club fungi In more complex basidiocarps there is differentiation into a stipe a pileus and or various types of hymenophores Types Edit Basidiocarps of Amanita muscaria an agaric Basidiocarps of Ramaria rugosa a coral fungus Basidiocarps of Craterellus tubaeformis a cantharelloid fungus Basidiocarps are classified into various types of growth forms based on the degree of differentiation into a stipe pileus and hymenophore as well as the type of hymenophore if present Growth forms include jelly fungus fruiting body is jelly like club fungus and coral fungus erect fruiting body without a distinct stalk and cap either unbranched club fungus or profusely branched coral fungus polypore underside of the fruiting body usually consists of tubes otherwise very variable usually wood inhabiting tooth fungus or hydnoid fungus underside of the fruiting body composed of spines or teeth corticioid fungus the underside of the fruiting body is usually smooth or with spines vs hydnoid fungi but not poroid nor gilled typically effused without caps cantharelloid fungus fruiting body with shallow fold like gills running over most of the lower surface of the fruiting body and not much differentiation between the stalk and cap gasteromycete or gastroid fungus fruiting body has a ball like shape and in which the hymenophore has become entirely enclosed on the inside of the fruiting body false truffle like a gasteromycete however but with a hypogeous underground fruiting body secotioid fungus like a gasteromycete but with a stalk Thought to be an evolutionarily intermediate stage between a gasteromycete and an agaric agaric or gill fungi fruiting body with caps gills and usually a stalk bolete fleshy fruiting body with a cap a stalk and tubes on the underside Basic divisions of Agaricomycotina were formerly based entirely upon the growth form of the mushroom Molecular phylogenetic investigation as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi For example agarics have arisen independently in the Agaricales the Boletales the Russulales and other groups while secotioid fungi and false truffles have arisen independently many times just within the Agaricales 1 See also EditAscocarp ConidiumReferences Edit MykoWeb Evolution amp Morphology in the Homobasidiomycetes www mykoweb com Retrieved 2020 07 12 External links EditEvolution amp Morphology in the Homobasidiomycetes The Clade Morphology Chart by Gary Lincoff amp Michael Wood MykoWeb November 27 2005 Mycomorphology Part 1 Why Do Mushrooms Look Like Mushrooms by Peter Werner Mycena News December 2002 Archived at MycoWeb Mycomorphology Part 2 Basidiocarp Keeps its Balance by Peter Werner Mycena News March 2003 Archived at MycoWeb Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Basidiocarp amp oldid 1059070202, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
