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Cinema of Palestine

November 11, 2023

Cinema of Palestine is relatively young in comparison to Arab cinema as a whole.[citation needed] Palestinian films are not exclusively produced in Arabic and some are even produced in English and French.[3] Elia Suleiman has emerged as one of the most notable working Palestinian directors.[4]

Cinema of Palestine
No. of screens2 (2007)[1]
 • Per capita0.1 per 100,000 (2007)[1]
Number of admissions (2007)[2]
Total64,026

History edit

The first period: The beginning, 1935–1948 edit

 
Villagers of Halhul waiting for an open-air film show, around 1940

The first Palestinian film to be made is generally believed to be a documentary on King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia's visit in 1935 to Palestine, made by Ibrahim Hassan Sirhan (or Serhan), based in Jaffa.[5][6] Sirhan followed the King and around Palestine, "from Lod to Jaffa and from Jaffa to Tel Aviv". The result was a silent movie that was presented at the Nabi Rubin festivals. Following this documentary, Sirhan joined Jamal al-Asphar to produce a 45-minute film called The Realized Dreams, aiming to "promote the orphans' cause". Sirhan and al-Asphar also produced a documentary about Ahmad Hilmi Pasha, a member of the Higher Arab Commission.[5][7] In 1945 Sirhan established the Arab Film Company with Ahmad Hilmi al-Kilani. The company launched the feature film Holiday Eve, which was followed by preparations for the next film A Storm at Home. The films themselves were lost in 1948, when Sirhan had to flee Jaffa after the town was bombarded.[8]

The second period: The epoch of silence, 1948–1967 edit

The 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight (known in Arabic as the Nakba) had a devastating effect on Palestinian society, including its nascent film industry. Cinematic endeavours, requiring infrastructure, professional crews, and finance, nearly ceased for two decades.[9] Individual Palestinian participated in the film-production of neighbouring countries. It is reported that Sirhan was involved with the production of the first Jordanian feature film, The Struggle in Jarash (1957), and another Palestinian, Abdallah Ka'wash, directed the second Jordanian feature film, My Homeland, My Love, in 1964.[10]

The third period: Cinema in exile, 1968–1982 edit

After 1967, Palestinian cinema found itself under the auspices of the PLO, funded by Fatah and other Palestinian organisations like PFLP and DFLP. More than 60 films were made in this period, mostly documentaries. The first film festival dedicated to Palestinian films was held in Baghdad in 1973, and Baghdad also hosted the next two Palestinian film festivals, in 1976 and 1980.[11] Mustafa Abu Ali was one of the early Palestinian film directors, and he helped found the Palestinian Cinema Association in Beirut in 1973. Only one dramatic movie was made during the period, namely Return to Haifa in 1982, an adaptation of a short novel by Ghassan Kanafani.[12]

The film archives disappearance, 1982 edit

Different organisations set up archives for Palestinian films. The largest such archive was run by PLO's Film Foundation/Palestinian Film Unit. In 1982, when the PLO was forced out of Beirut, the archive was put into storage (in the Red Crescenty Hospital), from where it "disappeared" under circumstances which are still unclear.[13] Recently, several films from the archive were located in the Israel Defense Forces Archive in Tel HaShomer by scholar and curator Rona Sela.[14] Sela has called for the release of these films, and for the declassification of other Palestinian films that remain closed in the IDF Archive.[15]

The fourth period: The return home, from 1980 to the present edit

The 1996 drama/comedy Chronicle of a Disappearance received international critical acclaim,[16] and it became the first Palestinian movie to receive national release in the United States.[17] A break-out film for its genre, it won a New Director's Prize at the Seattle International Film Festival and a Luigi De Laurentiis Award at the Venice Film Festival.[18] Notable film directors of this period include[19] Michel Khleifi, Rashid Masharawi, Ali Nassar and Elia Suleiman.

An international effort was launched in 2008 to reopen Cinema Jenin, a cinema located in the Jenin Refugee Camp.

In 2008, three Palestinian feature films and an estimated eight shorts were completed, more than ever before.[20]

In 2010, Hamas, the governing authority in the Gaza Strip, announced the completion of a new film. Titled The Great Liberation, the film depicts the destruction of Israel by Palestinians.[21]

Currently in the Gaza Strip, all film projects must be approved by Hamas' Culture Ministry before they can be screened in public. Independent filmmakers have claimed that the Culture Ministry cracks down on content not conforming to Hamas edicts. In a notable 2010 case, Hamas banned the short film Something Sweet, directed by Khalil al-Muzzayen, which was submitted at the Cannes Film Festival. Hamas banned it from being shown locally due to a four-second scene where a woman is shown with her hair uncovered. In 2011, a film festival hosted by the Gaza Women's Affairs Center included documentaries and fictional pieces on women's issues, but the Culture Ministry censored numerous scenes. One film had to remove a scene where a woman lowered one shoulder of her dress, and another had to remove a scene of a man swearing.[22]

Notable directors edit

 
Emad Burnat is a Palestinian farmer and filmmaker.

Notable films edit

 
The Alhambra Cinema in Jaffa, 1937, bombed December 1947[23]
Main article: List of Palestinian films

Notable film festivals edit

 
The DC Palestinian Film and Arts Festival (DCPFAF) logo

A edit

B edit

  • Mostra de Cinema Àrab i Mediterrani de Catalunya (Arab and Mediterranean Film Festival of Catalonia) – Barcelona
  • Boston Palestine Film Festival
  • Muestra de Cine Palestino de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires Palestine Film Festival)

C edit

D edit

H edit

  • Houston Palestine Film Festival

K edit

  • The Palestinian Film Festival - Kuwait [24]

L edit

  • London Palestine Film Festival

M edit

  • Muestra de Cine Palestino de Madrid (Madrid Palestine Film Festival)
  • Mizna's Twin Cities Arab Film Festival
  • Festival Cinéma Méditerranéen Montpellier (Montpellier Mediterranean Film Festival)

R edit

S edit

  • Muestra de Cine Palestino de Santiago (Santiago Palestine Film Festival)
  • Muestra de Cine Palestino de Sevilla (Sevilla Palestine Film Festival)

T edit

  • Toronto Palestine Film Festival

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b . UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  2. ^ . UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  3. ^ . www.palestinefilm.org. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008.
  4. ^ Brooks, Xan (12 April 2006). "Xan Brooks on Palestinian directors". the Guardian. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  5. ^ a b Gertz and Khleifi, p. 13
  6. ^ Dabashi (2006), p. 9
  7. ^ Khaled Elayya: A Brief History of Palestinian Cinema 2014-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, This week in Palestine
  8. ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 13-14
  9. ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 19
  10. ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 20
  11. ^ Joseph Massad: The weapon of Culture: Cinema in the Palestinian liberation struggle. Ch . 2 in Dabashi (2006), p. 33, 36
  12. ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 20-30
  13. ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 28-30
  14. ^ Sela, Rona (2017-06-01). "Seized in Beirut: The Plundered Archives of the Palestinian Cinema Institution and Cultural Arts Section". Anthropology of the Middle East. 12 (1): 83–114. doi:10.3167/ame.2017.120107. ISSN 1746-0727.
  15. ^ Sela, Rona (3 March 2017). "The Genealogy of Colonial Plunder and Erasure – Israel's Control over Palestinian Archives". Social Semiotics. 28 (2): 201–229. doi:10.1080/10350330.2017.1291140. S2CID 149369385.
  16. ^ Chronicle of a Disappearance. All Movie Guide. Accessed June 7, 2009.
  17. ^ Chronicle of a Disappearance. Artforum. Summer, 1997.
  18. ^ Awards for Chronicle of a Disappearance. Imdb.com Accessed June 7, 2009.
  19. ^ Gertz and Khleifi, p. 30-34
  20. ^ "Palestinian filmmakers beat the odds to hit silver screen". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  21. ^ "Israel News - The Jerusalem post". Jpost.com. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  22. ^ "Gaza filmmakers decry Hamas censorship". Ynetnews. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  23. ^ List of Irgun attacks
  24. ^ "Poppies of Palestine Film Festival - Kuwait". 248am. Retrieved 21 May 2021.

Further reading edit

  • Rapfogel, Jared: A Report of Dreams of a Nation - A Palestinian Film Festival, January 24–27, 2003, Senses of Cinema.
  • Palestinian film festival planned, 18 May 2004, BBC
  • Dabashi, Hamid: , 23–29 September 2004, Al-Ahram
  • Jan. 14, 2006, IMEU,
  • Kemp, Rebecca: , 6 Degrees Film, Fall 2006
  • Rastegar, Kamran, "Palestine Only Exists in Cinema", Bidoun Magazine, Issue 8, Vol. 1, Fall 2006
  • Provan, Alexander (February 2007). . Stop Smiling Magazine. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
  • Annemarie Jacir: Coming Home: Palestinian Cinema, 27 February 2007, The Electronic Intifada
  • Khaled Elayya: , This week in Palestine
  • Khadija Habshneh: Palestinian Revolution Cinema 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, This week in Palestine
  • Nana Asfour: Reclaiming Palestine, One Film at a Time, Cineaste Magazine, Vol. XXXIV, No. 3, Summer 2009
  • Nana Asfour: The Time That Remains and Zindeeq, Cineaste Magazine, Web Exclusive, Copyright © 2011 by Cineaste Publishers, Inc.
  • Dabashi, Hamid, and Said, Edward (preface) (2006): Dreams Of A Nation: On Palestinian Cinema, Verso Books, London, United Kingdom, ISBN 1-84467-088-0
  • Gertz, Nurith; Khleifi, George (2008): Palestinian Cinema: Landscape, Trauma, and Memory, Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-22007-6

External links edit

  • , an independent project founded to provide resources and information on Palestinian cinema. Based at Columbia University, United States.
  • Finding aid to the Palestinian Films Collection, 1976-2008, at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

32°03′07″N 34°45′34″E / 32.0519°N 34.7594°E / 32.0519; 34.7594

November 11, 2023
cinema, palestine, relatively, young, comparison, arab, cinema, whole, citation, needed, palestinian, films, exclusively, produced, arabic, some, even, produced, english, french, elia, suleiman, emerged, most, notable, working, palestinian, directors, screens2. Cinema of Palestine is relatively young in comparison to Arab cinema as a whole citation needed Palestinian films are not exclusively produced in Arabic and some are even produced in English and French 3 Elia Suleiman has emerged as one of the most notable working Palestinian directors 4 Cinema of PalestineNo of screens2 2007 1 Per capita0 1 per 100 000 2007 1 Number of admissions 2007 2 Total64 026 Contents 1 History 1 1 The first period The beginning 1935 1948 1 2 The second period The epoch of silence 1948 1967 1 3 The third period Cinema in exile 1968 1982 1 3 1 The film archives disappearance 1982 1 4 The fourth period The return home from 1980 to the present 2 Notable directors 3 Notable films 4 Notable film festivals 4 1 A 4 2 B 4 3 C 4 4 D 4 5 H 4 6 K 4 7 L 4 8 M 4 9 R 4 10 S 4 11 T 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editThe first period The beginning 1935 1948 edit nbsp Villagers of Halhul waiting for an open air film show around 1940The first Palestinian film to be made is generally believed to be a documentary on King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia s visit in 1935 to Palestine made by Ibrahim Hassan Sirhan or Serhan based in Jaffa 5 6 Sirhan followed the King and around Palestine from Lod to Jaffa and from Jaffa to Tel Aviv The result was a silent movie that was presented at the Nabi Rubin festivals Following this documentary Sirhan joined Jamal al Asphar to produce a 45 minute film called The Realized Dreams aiming to promote the orphans cause Sirhan and al Asphar also produced a documentary about Ahmad Hilmi Pasha a member of the Higher Arab Commission 5 7 In 1945 Sirhan established the Arab Film Company with Ahmad Hilmi al Kilani The company launched the feature film Holiday Eve which was followed by preparations for the next film A Storm at Home The films themselves were lost in 1948 when Sirhan had to flee Jaffa after the town was bombarded 8 The second period The epoch of silence 1948 1967 edit The 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight known in Arabic as the Nakba had a devastating effect on Palestinian society including its nascent film industry Cinematic endeavours requiring infrastructure professional crews and finance nearly ceased for two decades 9 Individual Palestinian participated in the film production of neighbouring countries It is reported that Sirhan was involved with the production of the first Jordanian feature film The Struggle in Jarash 1957 and another Palestinian Abdallah Ka wash directed the second Jordanian feature film My Homeland My Love in 1964 10 The third period Cinema in exile 1968 1982 edit After 1967 Palestinian cinema found itself under the auspices of the PLO funded by Fatah and other Palestinian organisations like PFLP and DFLP More than 60 films were made in this period mostly documentaries The first film festival dedicated to Palestinian films was held in Baghdad in 1973 and Baghdad also hosted the next two Palestinian film festivals in 1976 and 1980 11 Mustafa Abu Ali was one of the early Palestinian film directors and he helped found the Palestinian Cinema Association in Beirut in 1973 Only one dramatic movie was made during the period namely Return to Haifa in 1982 an adaptation of a short novel by Ghassan Kanafani 12 The film archives disappearance 1982 edit Different organisations set up archives for Palestinian films The largest such archive was run by PLO s Film Foundation Palestinian Film Unit In 1982 when the PLO was forced out of Beirut the archive was put into storage in the Red Crescenty Hospital from where it disappeared under circumstances which are still unclear 13 Recently several films from the archive were located in the Israel Defense Forces Archive in Tel HaShomer by scholar and curator Rona Sela 14 Sela has called for the release of these films and for the declassification of other Palestinian films that remain closed in the IDF Archive 15 The fourth period The return home from 1980 to the present edit The 1996 drama comedy Chronicle of a Disappearance received international critical acclaim 16 and it became the first Palestinian movie to receive national release in the United States 17 A break out film for its genre it won a New Director s Prize at the Seattle International Film Festival and a Luigi De Laurentiis Award at the Venice Film Festival 18 Notable film directors of this period include 19 Michel Khleifi Rashid Masharawi Ali Nassar and Elia Suleiman An international effort was launched in 2008 to reopen Cinema Jenin a cinema located in the Jenin Refugee Camp In 2008 three Palestinian feature films and an estimated eight shorts were completed more than ever before 20 In 2010 Hamas the governing authority in the Gaza Strip announced the completion of a new film Titled The Great Liberation the film depicts the destruction of Israel by Palestinians 21 Currently in the Gaza Strip all film projects must be approved by Hamas Culture Ministry before they can be screened in public Independent filmmakers have claimed that the Culture Ministry cracks down on content not conforming to Hamas edicts In a notable 2010 case Hamas banned the short film Something Sweet directed by Khalil al Muzzayen which was submitted at the Cannes Film Festival Hamas banned it from being shown locally due to a four second scene where a woman is shown with her hair uncovered In 2011 a film festival hosted by the Gaza Women s Affairs Center included documentaries and fictional pieces on women s issues but the Culture Ministry censored numerous scenes One film had to remove a scene where a woman lowered one shoulder of her dress and another had to remove a scene of a man swearing 22 Notable directors edit nbsp Emad Burnat is a Palestinian farmer and filmmaker Yahya Barakat Azza El Hassan Hany Abu Assad Mohammed Almughanni Mahdi Fleifel Scandar Copti Mustafa Abu Ali Mohammed Bakri Tarek Al Eryan Annemarie Jacir Michel Khleifi Rashid Masharawi Mai Masri Montaser Marai Rosalind Nashashibi Ali Nassar Mohammad Al Sawalma Hazim Bitar Elia Suleiman Leila Sansour Refat Adi Sameh Zoabi Tawfik Abu Wael Ameen Nayfeh Mohammad Shihadeh Hmedat Najwa Najjar Hisham ZreiqNotable films edit nbsp The Alhambra Cinema in Jaffa 1937 bombed December 1947 23 Main article List of Palestinian films A World Not Ours Alam laysa lana They Don t Exist Coming Home Palestinian Cinema Wedding in Galilee 1987 International Critics Prize Cannes Tale of the Three Jewels 1994 Chronicle of a Disappearance 1996 Luigi De Laurentiis Award for a Debut Film at the 1996 Venice Film Festival Divine Intervention 2002 Olive Harvest The 2003 Arna s Children 2003 Jeremy Hardy vs the Israeli Army 2004 Women in Struggle 2004 Waiting 2005 Paradise Now 2006 Golden Globe for Best Foreign Language Film winner The Color of Olives 2006 Iron Wall 2006 Goal Dreams 2006 First Picture 2006 The Sons of Eilaboun 2007 Maria s Grotto 2007 Silver Muhr Award Dubai International Film Festival Kaffa 2007 Silver Award for Short Film Cairo International TV and Media Festival Gold Award for Best Script Tunis International TV and Media Festival Salt of this Sea 2008 Taste the Revolution 2008 The View 2008 Best Short Film 75 000 Middle East International Film Festival Till When 2008 Officially selected in Cergy Pontoise Film Festival in Paris Honorable Mention in Digicon 6 Festival in Tokyo Spider Web 2009 Beyond the Sun 2010 Audience Choice Bagdad International Film Festival cup final 1991 takes place during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon The Uppercut 2012 A Short Documentary Shot in Jordan Telling a Story of a Slum Kickboxing Club Solomon s Stone film 2015 Notable film festivals edit nbsp The DC Palestinian Film and Arts Festival DCPFAF logoA edit Al Ard Film Festival Cagliari Sardinia B edit Mostra de Cinema Arab i Mediterrani de Catalunya Arab and Mediterranean Film Festival of Catalonia Barcelona Boston Palestine Film Festival Muestra de Cine Palestino de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Palestine Film Festival C edit Chicago Palestine Film FestivalD edit DC Palestinian Film and Arts FestivalH edit Houston Palestine Film FestivalK edit The Palestinian Film Festival Kuwait 24 L edit London Palestine Film FestivalM edit Muestra de Cine Palestino de Madrid Madrid Palestine Film Festival Mizna s Twin Cities Arab Film Festival Festival Cinema Mediterraneen Montpellier Montpellier Mediterranean Film Festival R edit Al Kasaba International Film Festival Al Kasaba International Film Festival in Ramallah West BankS edit Muestra de Cine Palestino de Santiago Santiago Palestine Film Festival Muestra de Cine Palestino de Sevilla Sevilla Palestine Film Festival T edit Toronto Palestine Film FestivalSee also editArab cinema Cinema City Nablus Al Kasaba Theatre Cinema Jenin The First Film of PalestineReferences edit a b Table 8 Cinema Infrastructure Capacity UNESCO Institute for Statistics Archived from the original on 24 December 2018 Retrieved 5 November 2013 Table 11 Exhibition Admissions amp Gross Box Office GBO UNESCO Institute for Statistics Archived from the original on 25 December 2018 Retrieved 5 November 2013 Palestine Film Foundation www palestinefilm org Archived from the original on June 12 2008 Brooks Xan 12 April 2006 Xan Brooks on Palestinian directors the Guardian Retrieved 9 July 2018 a b Gertz and Khleifi p 13 Dabashi 2006 p 9 Khaled Elayya A Brief History of Palestinian Cinema Archived 2014 02 21 at the Wayback Machine This week in Palestine Gertz and Khleifi p 13 14 Gertz and Khleifi p 19 Gertz and Khleifi p 20 Joseph Massad The weapon of Culture Cinema in the Palestinian liberation struggle Ch 2 in Dabashi 2006 p 33 36 Gertz and Khleifi p 20 30 Gertz and Khleifi p 28 30 Sela Rona 2017 06 01 Seized in Beirut The Plundered Archives of the Palestinian Cinema Institution and Cultural Arts Section Anthropology of the Middle East 12 1 83 114 doi 10 3167 ame 2017 120107 ISSN 1746 0727 Sela Rona 3 March 2017 The Genealogy of Colonial Plunder and Erasure Israel s Control over Palestinian Archives Social Semiotics 28 2 201 229 doi 10 1080 10350330 2017 1291140 S2CID 149369385 Chronicle of a Disappearance All Movie Guide Accessed June 7 2009 Chronicle of a Disappearance Artforum Summer 1997 Awards for Chronicle of a Disappearance Imdb com Accessed June 7 2009 Gertz and Khleifi p 30 34 Palestinian filmmakers beat the odds to hit silver screen Edition cnn com Retrieved 9 July 2018 Israel News The Jerusalem post Jpost com Retrieved 9 July 2018 Gaza filmmakers decry Hamas censorship Ynetnews 19 August 2011 Retrieved 9 July 2018 List of Irgun attacks Poppies of Palestine Film Festival Kuwait 248am Retrieved 21 May 2021 Further reading editRapfogel Jared A Report of Dreams of a Nation A Palestinian Film Festival January 24 27 2003 Senses of Cinema Palestinian film festival planned 18 May 2004 BBC Dabashi Hamid For a Fistful of Dust A Passage to Palestine 23 29 September 2004 Al Ahram Film Jan 14 2006 IMEU Kemp Rebecca Interviews with Palestinian Filmmakers 6 Degrees Film Fall 2006 Rastegar Kamran Palestine Only Exists in Cinema Bidoun Magazine Issue 8 Vol 1 Fall 2006 Provan Alexander February 2007 Requesting Permission to Narrate Dreams of a Nation On Palestinian Cinema Stop Smiling Magazine Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved 2007 04 09 Annemarie Jacir Coming Home Palestinian Cinema 27 February 2007 The Electronic Intifada Khaled Elayya A Brief History of Palestinian Cinema This week in Palestine Khadija Habshneh Palestinian Revolution Cinema Archived 2012 02 07 at the Wayback Machine This week in Palestine Nana Asfour Reclaiming Palestine One Film at a Time Cineaste Magazine Vol XXXIV No 3 Summer 2009 Nana Asfour Cineaste Magazine Articles The Time That Remains and Zindeeq Web Exclusive The Time That Remains and Zindeeq Cineaste Magazine Web Exclusive Copyright c 2011 by Cineaste Publishers Inc Dabashi Hamid and Said Edward preface 2006 Dreams Of A Nation On Palestinian Cinema Verso Books London United Kingdom ISBN 1 84467 088 0 Gertz Nurith Khleifi George 2008 Palestinian Cinema Landscape Trauma and Memory Indiana University Press ISBN 0 253 22007 6External links editDreams of a Nation an independent project founded to provide resources and information on Palestinian cinema Based at Columbia University United States Palestinian Film News and Reviews at IMEU net Review of a film that explores the story of the lost archives of the PLO film unit History and Trends in Palestinian Filmmaking Finding aid to the Palestinian Films Collection 1976 2008 at Columbia University Rare Book amp Manuscript Library 32 03 07 N 34 45 34 E 32 0519 N 34 7594 E 32 0519 34 7594 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cinema of Palestine amp oldid 1180992340, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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