Kuki-Chin is alternatively called South-Central Trans-Himalayan (or South Central Tibeto-Burman) by Konnerth (2018), because of negative connotations of the term "Kuki-Chin" for many speakers of languages in this group.[3]
Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga, a geographical rather than linguistic grouping.
The Karbi languages may be closely related to Kuki-Chin, but Thurgood (2003) and van Driem (2011) leave Karbi unclassified within Sino-Tibetan.[4][5]
The Kuki-Chin branches listed below are from VanBik (2009), with the Northwestern branch added from Scott DeLancey, et al. (2015),[6] and the Khomic branch (which has been split off from the Southern branch) from Peterson (2017).[7]
The recently discovered Sorbung language may be mixed language that could classify as either a Kuki-Chin or Tangkhul language (Mortenson & Keogh 2011).[8]
Anu-Hkongso speakers self-identify as ethnic Chin people, although their language is closely related to Mru rather than to Kuki-Chin languages. The Mruic languages constitute a separate Tibeto-Burman branch, and are not part of Kuki-Chin.[7]
VanBik (2009)edit
Kenneth VanBik's (2009:23) classified the Kuki-Chin languages based on shared sound changes (phonological innovations) from Proto-Kuki-Chin as follows.
Peterson's Northeastern branch corresponds to VanBik's Northern branch, while Peterson's Northwestern corresponds to the Old Kuki branch of earlier classifications.
^Burling, Robbins (2003). "The Tibeto-Burman languages of Northeastern India". In Graham Thurgood; Randy J. LaPolla (eds.). The Sino-Tibetan Languages. pp. 169–191.
^Konnerth, Linda. 2018. The historical phonology of Monsang (Northwestern South-Central/“Kuki-Chin”): A case of reduction in phonological complexity. Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 17(1): 19-49, note [2]: "...many language activists among the speakers of languages of the South-Central branch has made it clear to me that using the “Kuki-Chin” label is very insensitive."
^Thurgood, Graham (2003) "A subgrouping of the Sino-Tibetan languages: The interaction between language contact, change, and inheritance." In G. Thurgood and R. LaPolla, eds., The Sino-Tibetan languages, pp. 13–14. London: Routledge, ISBN978-0-7007-1129-1.
^van Driem, George L. (2011a), , Himalayan Linguistics Journal, 10 (1): 31–39, archived from the original on 12 January 2012.
^DeLancey, Scott; Krishna Boro; Linda Konnerth1; Amos Teo. 2015. Tibeto-Burman Languages of the Indo-Myanmar borderland. 31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable, 14 May 2015.
^ abcdePeterson, David. 2017. "On Kuki-Chin subgrouping." In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey, eds. Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia: New horizons for Tibeto-Burman studies in honor of David Bradley, 189-209. Leiden: Brill.
^David Mortenson and Jennifer Keogh. 2011. "Sorbung, an Undocumented Language of Manipur: its Phonology and Place in Tibeto-Burman", in JEALS 4, vol 1.
Bibliographyedit
George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill, ISBN978-90-04-12062-4.
VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages. STEDT Monograph 8. ISBN0-944613-47-0.
Hill, Nathan W. (2014). "Proto-Kuki-Chin initials according to Toru Ohno and Kenneth VanBik". Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 7: 11–30.
Lam Thang, Khoi (2001). A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto Chin(PDF) (MA thesis). Chiang Mai: Payap University.
Mann, Noel, and Wendy Smith. 2008. Chin bibliography 23 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
S. Dal Sian Pau. 2014. The comparative study of Proto-Zomi (Kuki-Chin) languages. Lamka, Manipur, India: Zomi Language & Literature Society (ZOLLS). [Comparative word list of Paite, Simte, Thangkhal, Zou, Kom, Paite or Tedim, and Vaiphei]
Smith, Wendy and Noel Mann. 2009. Chin bibliography with selected annotations 30 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
VanBik, Kenneth (2009). Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages. STEDT Monograph. Vol. 8. ISBN978-0-944613-47-4.
External linksedit
Tlângsam: Latest News in Hmar language – Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, NE India
Recent Advances in Kuki-Chin Linguistics
February 16, 2024
kuki, chin, languages, this, article, very, hard, understand, please, help, clarify, december, 2023, also, called, kuki, chin, mizo, kukish, south, central, tibeto, burman, languages, branch, sino, tibetan, languages, spoken, northeastern, india, western, myan. This article may be very hard to understand Please help clarify it December 2023 The Kuki Chin languages also called Kuki Chin Mizo 2 Kukish or South Central Tibeto Burman languages are a branch of 50 or so Sino Tibetan languages spoken in northeastern India western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh Speakers of these languages are Mizo in Mizoram Kuki people in Manipur and Chin people in Myanmar Kuki ChinKuki Chin Mizo KukishEthnicityZo people which includes Kuki Zomi Chin MizoGeographicdistributionIndia Myanmar BangladeshLinguistic classificationSino TibetanTibeto BurmanCentral Tibeto BurmanKuki Chin NagaKuki ChinEarly formProto Kuki Chin 1 SubdivisionsNorthwestern Northern Central Maraic Southern KhomicGlottologkuki1246 Kuki Chin Kuki Chin is alternatively called South Central Trans Himalayan or South Central Tibeto Burman by Konnerth 2018 because of negative connotations of the term Kuki Chin for many speakers of languages in this group 3 Kuki Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki Chin Naga a geographical rather than linguistic grouping Contents 1 Geographical Distribution 2 Internal classification 2 1 VanBik 2009 2 2 Peterson 2017 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 Further reading 7 External linksGeographical Distribution editNorthwestern Chandel district of Manipur India Tamu Township of Sagaing Region Myanmar Northern Chandel district Churachandpur district Kangpokpi district Noney district Tamenglong district and Tengnoupal districts of Manipur India Tedim Township of Chin State Myanmar Tamu Township of Sagaing Region Myanmar Central whole state of Mizoram India Pherzawl district of Manipur India parts of Cachar district and parts of Karbi Anglong district of Assam India parts of East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya India Falam Township Hakha Township and Thantlang Townships of Chin State Myanmar Kalay Township and Khampat Townships of Sagaing Region Myanmar parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh Maraic majority of Siaha district of Mizoram India parts of Matupi Township of Chin State Myanmar Southern Kanpetlet Township Matupi Township Mindat Township Paletwa Townships of Chin State Myanmar parts of the Arakan Range of Rakhine State Myanmar parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh Khomic Paletwa Township of Chin State Myanmar parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh Internal classification editThe Karbi languages may be closely related to Kuki Chin but Thurgood 2003 and van Driem 2011 leave Karbi unclassified within Sino Tibetan 4 5 The Kuki Chin branches listed below are from VanBik 2009 with the Northwestern branch added from Scott DeLancey et al 2015 6 and the Khomic branch which has been split off from the Southern branch from Peterson 2017 7 Kuki Chin Central Mizo Duhlian Bawm Sunthla and Panghawi Falam Hallam Ranglong Darlong Hauhulh Simpi Hualngo Chorei Thor Tawr Hmar Hrangkhol Biate Biete Hakha Lai Pawi Mi E Zokhua Pangkhua Saihriem Laizo Tlaisun Khualsim Zanniat Zahau Sim Maraic Mara Tlosai Siaha and Saikao Hawthai Lyvaw Sizo and Lochei Hlaipao Zyhno Heima and Lialai Zophei Senthang Zotung Lungngo Calthawn Innmai Lautu Northern Suantak Vaiphei Zo Zou Paite Tedim Thado Kuki Gangte Simte Vaiphei Sizang Ralte Ngawn Southern Sho Asho Khyang Chinbon Thaiphum Daai Nitu Mun Yindu Matu Welaung Rawngtu Kaang Laitu Rungtu Songlai Sumtu Khomic Khumi Khumi proper and Khumi Awa Mro Rengmitca etc Northwestern Monsang Moyon Lamkang Aimol Anal Tarao Koireng Kolhreng Chiru Kom Chothe Purum 7 Kharam 7 Darlong and Ranglong are unclassified Kuki Chin language The recently discovered Sorbung language may be mixed language that could classify as either a Kuki Chin or Tangkhul language Mortenson amp Keogh 2011 8 Anu Hkongso speakers self identify as ethnic Chin people although their language is closely related to Mru rather than to Kuki Chin languages The Mruic languages constitute a separate Tibeto Burman branch and are not part of Kuki Chin 7 VanBik 2009 edit Kenneth VanBik s 2009 23 classified the Kuki Chin languages based on shared sound changes phonological innovations from Proto Kuki Chin as follows Kuki Chin Central k ʰ r p ʰ r gt t ʰ r k ʰ l p ʰ l gt t ʰ l y gt z Pangkhua Lamtuk Thet Lamtuk Ruavan Lai Hakha Hakha Thantlang Zokhua Falam Bawm Bualkhaw Laizo Lente Khualsim Khuangli Sim Tlaisun Zanniat Mizo Mizo Fanai Hualngo Lushai Khiangte Hmar Khosak Thiek Lawitlang Khawbung Darngawn Lungtau Leiri Maraic kr gt ts ʔ r l gt O p t k gt ʔ 8 gt s Mara Tlosai Saikao Siaha Hlaipao Heima Lialai Vahapi Zyhno HawThai Sizo Ngaphepi Sabyu Chapi Lyvaw Lochei Tisih Phybyu Lautu Hnaro Chawngthia Zophei Vytu Sate Awsa Senthang Khuapi Surkhua Zotung h gt f kr gt r khl gt kh l c h gt t h s y gt z z h w gt v Calthawng Innmai Lungngo Tinpa Peripheral r gt g Northern 8 gt ts kl gt tl r gt k Thado Kuki Tedim Khuangsai Paite Vuite Chiru Sizang Guite Vaiphei Ralte Southern Southern Plains r gt y Khumi Khomi Wakung Cho Asho Asho Cho Matu Chinpon Daai Nghmoye Ngmuun Mkaang Peterson 2017 edit David A Peterson s 2017 206 7 internal classification of the Kuki Chin languages is as follows Kuki Chin Northwestern Purum Naga Koireng Monsang Naga etc Central Core Central Maraic Peripheral Northeastern Khomic Khami Khumi Mro Khimi Lemi Rengmitca etc Southern Cho Daai Hyow Asho Peterson s Northeastern branch corresponds to VanBik s Northern branch while Peterson s Northwestern corresponds to the Old Kuki branch of earlier classifications See also editLai languages Pau Cin Hau script Kuki Chin Swadesh lists Wiktionary References edit https stedt berkeley edu pubs and prods STEDT Monograph8 Proto Kuki Chin pdf Burling Robbins 2003 The Tibeto Burman languages of Northeastern India In Graham Thurgood Randy J LaPolla eds The Sino Tibetan Languages pp 169 191 Konnerth Linda 2018 The historical phonology of Monsang Northwestern South Central Kuki Chin A case of reduction in phonological complexity Himalayan Linguistics Vol 17 1 19 49 note 2 many language activists among the speakers of languages of the South Central branch has made it clear to me that using the Kuki Chin label is very insensitive Thurgood Graham 2003 A subgrouping of the Sino Tibetan languages The interaction between language contact change and inheritance In G Thurgood and R LaPolla eds The Sino Tibetan languages pp 13 14 London Routledge ISBN 978 0 7007 1129 1 van Driem George L 2011a Tibeto Burman subgroups and historical grammar Himalayan Linguistics Journal 10 1 31 39 archived from the original on 12 January 2012 DeLancey Scott Krishna Boro Linda Konnerth1 Amos Teo 2015 Tibeto Burman Languages of the Indo Myanmar borderland 31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable 14 May 2015 a b c d e Peterson David 2017 On Kuki Chin subgrouping In Picus Sizhi Ding and Jamin Pelkey eds Sociohistorical linguistics in Southeast Asia New horizons for Tibeto Burman studies in honor of David Bradley 189 209 Leiden Brill David Mortenson and Jennifer Keogh 2011 Sorbung an Undocumented Language of Manipur its Phonology and Place in Tibeto Burman in JEALS 4 vol 1 Bibliography editGeorge van Driem 2001 Languages of the Himalayas An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region Brill ISBN 978 90 04 12062 4 VanBik Kenneth 2009 Proto Kuki Chin A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki Chin Languages STEDT Monograph 8 ISBN 0 944613 47 0 Further reading editButton Christopher 2011 Proto Northern Chin STEDT Monograph 10 ISBN 0 944613 49 7 http stedt berkeley edu pubs and prods STEDT Monograph10 Proto Northern Chin pdf Hill Nathan W 2014 Proto Kuki Chin initials according to Toru Ohno and Kenneth VanBik Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 7 11 30 Lam Thang Khoi 2001 A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto Chin PDF MA thesis Chiang Mai Payap University Mann Noel and Wendy Smith 2008 Chin bibliography Archived 23 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine Chiang Mai Payap University S Dal Sian Pau 2014 The comparative study of Proto Zomi Kuki Chin languages Lamka Manipur India Zomi Language amp Literature Society ZOLLS Comparative word list of Paite Simte Thangkhal Zou Kom Paite or Tedim and Vaiphei Smith Wendy and Noel Mann 2009 Chin bibliography with selected annotations Archived 30 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine Chiang Mai Payap University VanBik Kenneth 2009 Proto Kuki Chin A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki Chin Languages STEDT Monograph Vol 8 ISBN 978 0 944613 47 4 External links editTlangsam Latest News in Hmar language Mizoram Manipur Assam NE India Recent Advances in Kuki Chin Linguistics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kuki Chin languages amp oldid 1204254726, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
