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Wikipedia

Children's television series

July 29, 2023

Not to be confused with educational television, instructional television, or non-commercial educational station.
"Children's television" redirects here. For the company originally known as the "Children's Television Workshop", see Sesame Workshop.

Children's television series (or children's television shows) are television programs designed specifically for children. They are typically characterised by easy-going content devoid of sensitive or adult-facing themes and are normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake, immediately before and after school schedules generally start country-by-country. Educational themes are also prevalent, as well as the transmission of cautionary tales and narratives which teach problem-solving methods in some fashion or another, such as social disputes.

Sesame Street is named as one of the most well-known children's television series.

The purpose of these shows, outside of profit, is mainly to entertain or educate. Complicating matters somewhat is that not all children's programs are equal: some are aimed at infants and toddlers,[1] some are aimed at those aged 6 to 11 years old, and then there is broadcast content for adolescents and those aimed at all children.[2]

The dominance of YouTube in the 21st Century has also seen the platform become a crucial platform for children's content, with some channels aimed at preteen viewers being among the most followed channels globally. The quality of some children's programs on YouTube, particularly those aimed at younger children, has before led to widespread controversy,[3][4] culminating in the 2010s as what became known as Elsagate.

History

Children's television is nearly as old as television itself.[5] In the UK, the BBC's Children's Hour was first broadcast in 1946, and is in anglocentric circles generally credited with being the first TV programme specifically for children.[6]

Some authors posit television for children tended to originate from similar programs on radio. Running with the UK example, the BBC's Children's Hour was launched as a radio broadcast in 1922,[7] with BBC School Radio commencing live broadcasts in 1924.

In the early 1930s US media landscape, radio adventure serials such as Little Orphan Annie began to emerge and became a staple of children's afternoon radio listening.[8]

Evolution of style in the US and beyond

Early children's shows included Kukla, Fran and Ollie (1947), Howdy Doody, and Captain Kangaroo. Another show, Ding Dong School, aired from 1952 to 1965. Its creator and host, Frances Horwich, would sit in front of the camera and simulate small talk with the viewing audience at home, demonstrating basic skills for the camera.

This practice lives on in contemporary children's broadcasting as a genre in of itself, with Australia's ongoing program Play School one example.

At one time, a program called Winky Dink and You took a more interactive approach, prompting its viewers to affix a clear vinyl sheet to their television and draw pictures to match what was going on on-screen. This format did not persist, nor was it replicated, due to a number of factors unrelated to its popularity: children whose parents did not buy them the vinyl sheet would draw with crayons directly on the television screen itself, potentially causing expensive damage; there were also concerns that having children within arm's length of a television screen of the era could expose them to harmful radiation.[9]

Later and more recognisably modern shows for young children include Sesame Street, The Electric Company and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. In the 1990s, more children's television series such as Barney & Friends, Blue's Clues, SpongeBob SquarePants, Bear in the Big Blue House, and The Big Comfy Couch were created.

A voluminous range of children's television programming now exists in the 2020s.

Notable successes outside the US include shows like Play School, Noggin the Nog, Thunderbirds, Mr. Men and Thomas & Friends originating from the UK, Le Manege Enchantè from France, The Singing Ringing Tree from Germany, and Marine Boy from Japan.

Canadian studio Nelvana is a particularly prolific producer of children's programming. Much of Nelvana's product is broadcast worldwide, especially in the US, where the similarities in dialect do not require any dubbing or localization.

Role of advertising

In the United States, early children's television was often co-opted as a platform to market products and it rarely contained any educational elements (for instance, The Magic Clown, a popular early children's program, was primarily an advertisement for Bonomo's Turkish taffy.) In the early years of television, advertising to children posed a dilemma as most children have no disposable income of their own. As such, children's television was not a particularly high priority for the networks.[10]

This practice continued in a toned-down manner through the 1980s in the United States after the Federal Communications Commission prohibited tie-in advertising on broadcast television. These regulations did not apply to cable, which remains out of the reach of the FCC's content regulations.

Due in significant part to the success of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe,[11] the 1980s saw a dramatic rise in television programs featuring characters of whom toy characters were being sold to retail consumers in bricks and mortar stores, underscoring the value potential of manufacturing merchandise for fans of children's programs. This practice remains firmly embedded in the broadcast sector's business case broadly in the 2020s.

Commercial-free children television was first introduced with Sesame Street on PBS in November 1969. It was produced by what is now known as Sesame Workshop (formerly CTW).

Saturday morning cartoon blocks

Main article: Saturday morning cartoon

In the United States, Saturday mornings were generally scheduled with cartoon from the 1960s to 1980's.

In 1992, teen comedies and a "Today" show weekend edition were first to displace the cartoon blocks on NBC.[12] Starting in September 2002, the networks turned to affiliated cable cartoon channels or outside programmers for their blocks.[13]

On September 27, 2014, the last traditional Saturday network morning cartoon block, Vortexx, ended and was replaced the following week by the syndicated One Magnificent Morning on The CW.[12]

Demographics

Children's television series can target a wide variety of key demographics based on age and gender. Few television networks target infants and toddlers under two years of age.[14]

Preschool-oriented programming is generally more overtly educational. In a number of cases, such shows are produced in consultation with educators and child psychologists in an effort to teach age-appropriate lessons (the series Sesame Street pioneered this approach when it debuted in 1969).[15] A format that has increased in popularity since the 1990s is the "pseudo-interactive" program, in which the action of the show stops and breaks the fourth wall to give a young viewer the opportunity to answer a question or dilemma put forth on the show, with the action continuing as if the viewer answered correctly.

Shows that target the demographic of persons 6 to 11 years old focus primarily on entertainment and can range from comedic cartoons to action series. Most children's television series targeting this age range are animated (with a few exceptions, perhaps the best-known being the long-running Power Rangers franchise). Typically, programs are either 'for boys' or 'for girls'.

The teen demographic targets viewers 12 to 17 years of age. Live-action series that target this demographic are more dramatic and developed, including teen dramas and teen sitcoms. In some cases, they may contain more mature content that is usually not permissible on shows targeting younger viewers, and can include some profanity or suggestive dialogue.

Educational programming targeted at this demographic has historically been rare, other than on NASA TV's education block. However, some programming aimed at the demographic has had some tangential educational value in regard to social issues, such as the now-defunct TNBC block of sitcoms, which often tackled issues such as underage drinking or drug use.

Under-represented groups

See also: Cartoon Network and LGBT representation and LGBT representation in children's television

According to at least one journalist, for years, Broadcast Standards and Practices departments of networks, Parental Guidelines, and campaigns by social conservatives limited "efforts to make kids animation more inclusive."[16]

One former executive of Disney, David Levine, said that "a lot of conservative opinion" drove what was depicted on Cartoon Network, Disney Channel, and other alike channels. Some argued that cable television, which began to pick up in the 1990s, "opened the door for more representation" even though various levels of approvals remained.[17]

Through the 2000s', advocacy group GLAAD repeatedly highlighted the lack of LGBT representation in children's programming in particular.[18][19][20][21][22] Two years later, they recorded the highest number of LGBTQ characters they ever recorded up to that point.[23]

In 2017, some said that LGBTQ+ characters in animated television were somewhat rare,[24][25] despite the fact that GLAAD praised the number of characters in broadcast and primetime television.[26][27][28]

From 2017 to 2019, Insider noted that there was a "more than 200% spike in queer and gender-minority characters in children's animated TV shows."[17] In 2018 and 2019, GLAAD stated that Amazon, Hulu, and Netflix, had increased LGBTQ representation in "daytime kids and family television."[29][30]

In their January 2021 report, GLAAD praised LGBTQ representation in episodes of DuckTales, The Owl House and Adventure Time: Distant Lands.[31] Despite this, some industry practitioners state that more than 90% of LGBTQ characters in kid's animated shows within Insider's database of characters in children's animated television shows "require either a cable, satellite, streaming, or internet subscription to view them on first airing."[32]

Channels

  • List of children's television series by country

United States

In the United States, there are three major commercial cable networks dedicated to children's television. All three also operate secondary services with specialized scopes drawing upon their respective libraries, such as a focus on specific demographics, or a focus upon classic programming that fall within their scope and demographics; all three have also extensively franchised their brands outside the United States.

  • Nickelodeon, the first children's television channel, launched in 1979 (though its history traces back to the 1977 launch of QUBE's C-3 channel);[33] it consists largely of original series aimed at children, preteens and young teenagers, including animated series, to live-action comedy and action series, as well as series aimed at preschoolers, and appeals to adult and adolescent audiences with a lineup of mainly live-action sitcom reruns and a limited amount of original programming on Nick at Nite.
    • Nickelodeon operates four digital cable and satellite channels separate from the main service: Nick Jr. Channel, a channel devoted to preschool programming; Nicktoons, which primarily (although not exclusively) runs animated programming; NickMusic, a pop music video service branded as "MTV Hits" prior to 2016; and TeenNick, a channel devoted to live-action programming. This is in addition to a flexible number of free digital channels under the Nickelodeon brand on parent company Paramount Global's over-the-top service Pluto TV. Subscription video on demand service Paramount+ includes much of the Nickelodeon archives.
  • Cartoon Network, launched in 1992, is devoted primarily to animated programming. It primarily targets children 6–14, while its early morning Cartoonito is aimed at preschoolers and kindergarteners aged 2–6, and its overnight daypart block Adult Swim targets older teenagers and young adults, 18–34.
  • Disney Channel launched in 1983 as a premium channel; it consists of original first-run television series, theatrically released and original made-for-cable movies, and select other third-party programming. Disney Channel – which formerly operated as a pay-TV service – originally marketed its programs towards families during the 1980s, and later at younger children by the 1990s, and primarily at teenybopper females aged 13–16 between 2006 and 2017, before returning to families.
    • Disney Channel operates two digital channels separate from the main service: Disney Junior, which launched in 2011 and primarily broadcasts animated series catered towards a preschool audience, and Disney XD, which caters primarily to an older youth audience with an action-oriented focus. Disney does not have a traditional television outlet for its archival programming, which it has historically kept in a proverbial vault with limited access; much of its programming is available through Disney+, a subscription video on demand service. Disney also operates Freeform, a channel primarily carrying live-action programming catered towards a teenage/young adult audience. Although its previous incarnations under other owners had family-oriented formats and children's programming, they have since been phased out in favor of series such as teen dramas, some coming from Disney Channel.

Under current mandates, all broadcast television stations in the United States must show a minimum of three hours per week of educational children's programming, regardless of format. Until 2019, this rule also applied to digital subchannels; as a result, digital multicast networks whose formats should not fit children's programming, such as Live Well Network and TheCoolTV, were required to carry educational programs to fit the FCC mandates. (The rule for digital subchannels was repealed in July 2019;[34][35] in practice, most still carry educational programs anyway.) In 2017, there was a programming block that aired on syndication called KidsClick; it was notable as a concerted effort to program children's shows on television without regard to their educational content, one of the first such efforts since the E/I rule took effect. The transition to digital television has allowed for the debut of whole subchannels that air children's programming 24/7; examples include BabyFirst, Discovery Family, HBO Kids, PBS Kids, Smile, and Universal Kids. The country's only directly nationally operated TV service for public consumption, NASA TV, also includes educational programs in its schedule for use in schools.

Canada

English-language children's specialty channels in Canada are primarily owned by Corus Entertainment and WildBrain. Corus operates YTV, Treehouse, and Teletoon, as well as localized versions of the Cartoon Network, Disney Channel, Disney Junior, Disney XD, and Nickelodeon brands. WildBrain operates Family Channel, as well as the spin-off services Chrgd and Family Jr. it has been majority owned and operated by British Columbia's public broadcaster Knowledge Network.

In French, Corus operates Télétoon and La chaîne Disney, WildBrain operates Télémagino (a French version of Family Jr.), TVA Group operates the preschool-oriented Yoopa, and Bell Media runs the teen-oriented Vrak. Via its majority-owned subsidiary Telelatino, Corus also operates two children and family-oriented networks in Spanish and Italian, TeleNiños and Telebimbi respectively.

On broadcast television and satellite to cable undertakings, children's television content is relegated to the country's public and designated provincial educational broadcasters, including CBC Television and Ici Radio-Canada Télé, as well as City Saskatchewan, CTV Two Alberta (formerly Access), Knowledge Network, Télé-Québec, TFO, and TVOntario (TVOKids).

Aided by the cultural similarities between Canada and the US, along with film credits and subsidies available from the Canadian government, a large number of animated children's series have been made in Canada with the intention of exporting them to the United States. Such programs carry a prominent Government of Canada wordmark in their closing credits.

United Kingdom

The BBC and ITV plc both operate children's oriented television networks on digital terrestrial television: the BBC runs CBBC as well as the preschool-oriented CBeebies, while ITV runs CITV as well as the preschool-oriented LittleBe, as a programming block on ITVBe. Both channels were spun off from children's television strands on their respective flagship channels (BBC One, BBC Two, and ITV). The BBC and ITV have largely phased out children's programming from their main channels in order to focus on the dedicated services; in 2012, as part of the "Delivering Quality First" initiative, the BBC announced that it would end the broadcast of CBBC programmes on BBC One following the completion of the transition to digital terrestrial television, citing low viewership in comparison to broadcasts of the programmes on the CBBC channel.[36] Channel 5 also broadcasts a preschool-oriented block known as Milkshake!, while its owner, Paramount Networks International, also runs versions of Nickelodeon and its sister networks Nicktoons and Nick Jr.

Narrative Capital operate a number of children's channels under the Pop and Tiny Pop brands. British versions of Cartoon Network and its sister channels Boomerang and Cartoonito also operate in the country, some 25 years after the initial launch.

Ireland

Ireland has one dedicated children's TV service RTÉjr. Since 1998 RTÉ2 has provided children's programming from 07:00 to 17:30 each weekday, originally titled The Den, the service was renamed TRTÉ and RTÉjr in 2010. Irish-language service TG4 provide two strands of children's programming Cúla 4 Na nÓg and Cúla 4 during the day. Commercial broadcaster TV3 broadcast a children's strand called Gimme 3 from 1998 - 1999. And then broadcast a new strand called 3Kids.

Australia

children's channels that exist in Australia are ABC Me, ABC Kids, KidsCo, Disney Channel and its spin-off Disney Junior, CBeebies, Nickelodeon and its spin-off Nick Jr., and Cartoon Network and its spin-off Boomerang.

Japan

See also: Children's anime and manga

children's channels that exist in Japan are NHK Educational TV, Kids Station, Disney Channel, Disney XD, Nickelodeon (also under a block on Animax, known as "Nick Time") and Cartoon Network (Cartoon Network's age demographic is moving towards older viewers with shows such as Hello Kitty, Regular Show and Adventure Time)

Iceland

One of the most well-known children's TV programmes comes from Iceland, LazyTown, was created by Magnus Scheving, European Gymnastics Champion and CEO of LazyTown Entertainment. The show has aired in over 180 countries, been dubbed into more than 32 languages and is the most expensive children's show of all time.

India

In 1995, Cartoon Network became the first children's channel to be launched in India. Subsequently, Disney Channel and Nickelodeon arrived. Hungama TV (2004) was the first children's channel that had local content. Pogo and BabyTV came later in 2006. By 2018, 23 channels have aired in India.

Romania

Nickelodeon was the first children's channel in Romania, launched in December 1998. Afterwards, Minimax became the first Romanian children's channel to air locally produced content, launched on Children's Day in 2001.[37] Since then, channels like BabyTV and Disney Channel have arrived.

Turkey

Children's channels that exist in Turkey are Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, TRT Çocuk, MinikaÇOCUK, Minika GO and Zarok TV.

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Here Are 25 Shows You Can Feel Good About Your 2-Year-Old Watching". Romper. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  2. ^ "Working & Filming with Under 18's Guidelines | Channel 4". www.channel4.com. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  3. ^ Bridle, James (2018-06-21). "Something is wrong on the internet". Medium. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  4. ^ "Children's YouTube is still churning out blood, suicide and cannibalism". Wired UK. ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  5. ^ Holz, Jo (2017). Kids' TV Grows Up: The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 13–72. ISBN 978-1-4766-6874-1.
  6. ^ Hughes, Scott (3 June 1996). "Are You Sitting Comfortably? A History of Children's TV". The Independent. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  7. ^ . BBC. Archived from the original on 2 June 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  8. ^ "Little Orphan Annie | radio program | Britannica.com". britannica.com. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
  9. ^ Bob Greene (March 31, 2013). "Winky Dink and ... Bill Gates?". CNN. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  10. ^ Rice, Lynette (June 8, 2007). "Bob Barker on saying goodbye to The Price Is Right". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  11. ^ Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 404–405. ISBN 978-1476665993.
  12. ^ a b Sullivan, Gail (September 30, 2014). "Saturday morning cartoons are no more". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  13. ^ Bernstein, Paula (September 29, 2002). "Kid skeds tread on joint strategy". Variety. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  14. ^ "Nickelodeon Retakes Kids' Ratings Crown With 'Paw Patrol'". Bloomberg.com. 18 December 2013 – via Bloomberg.
  15. ^ Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (2001). "Why Children Learn from Sesame Street". In Fisch, Shalom M.; Truglio, Rosemarie T. (eds.). "G" is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street. Mahweh, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers. p. 234. ISBN 0-8058-3395-1.
  16. ^ White, Abbey (June 15, 2021). "TV animators were forced to scrap LGBTQ-inclusive storylines due to a culture of fear. Experts say fans are changing that". Insider. Archived from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  17. ^ a b Snyder, Chris; Desiderio, Kyle (June 29, 2021). "The evolution of queer characters in children's animation". Insider. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  18. ^ Cook 2018, p. 6, 11-12.
  19. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2009. pp. 2–3, 11, 14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-26. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  20. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2008. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-25. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  21. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. August 21, 2006. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-13. Retrieved April 4, 2020.
  22. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2014. p. 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-28. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  23. ^ Glass, Joe (November 3, 2016). "LGBT characters on TV will make up larger percentage than ever, study finds". The Guardian. from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  24. ^ Segal, Cynthia (June 30, 2017). "7 American Kids' Cartoons That Treat Their LGBTQ Characters With Respect". The Dot and Line. from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  25. ^ Sizer, Artistaeus (June 30, 2017). "We Need To Talk About LGBT Representation, Apparently". HuffPost. from the original on April 19, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  26. ^ Mak, Philip (June 21, 2017). "In a Heartbeat: Why we need more LGBTQ animation". Toon Boom. from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  27. ^ Jusino, Teresa (June 2, 2017). "Why I'll Be Holding onto These Five Nuanced and Inspiring Bisexual Characters for Dear Life This Pride". The Mary Sue. from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  28. ^ Cook 2018, p. 7.
  29. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2018. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-10. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  30. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. 2019. pp. 5, 6, 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-04-08. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  31. ^ (PDF) (Report). GLAAD. January 2021. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  32. ^ White, Abbey (June 21, 2021). "Kids' cartoons have more LGBTQ representation than ever before — but only if you pay for it". Insider. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021.
  33. ^ . www.viacom.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  34. ^ Hayes, Dade (July 10, 2019). "FCC's Vote To Ease "Kid Vid" Rules Draws Pushback And Democrats' Dissent". Deadline. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  35. ^ Eggerton, John (July 10, 2019). "FCC Gives Broadcasters More KidVid Flexibility". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  36. ^ "Children's shows to leave BBC One". BBC News. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
  37. ^ . Archived from the original on 17 February 2005.

Sources

  • Cook, Carson (May 2018). "A History of LGBT Representation on TV". A content analysis of LGBT representation on broadcast and streaming television streaming television (Honors). University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Retrieved July 14, 2021.

External links

  • Children's Television, online exhibition from screenonline, a website of the British Film Institute
  • The 1950s–2000s Week-By-Week - includes listings and factoids for local/national children's shows.
  • The future of children's digital television - an interview with Gloria Tristani 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  • Ryan Black, The Surprising Maturity of Children's Animation, The Reporter, March 4, 2016

July 29, 2023
children, television, series, confused, with, educational, television, instructional, television, commercial, educational, station, children, television, redirects, here, company, originally, known, children, television, workshop, sesame, workshop, this, artic. Not to be confused with educational television instructional television or non commercial educational station Children s television redirects here For the company originally known as the Children s Television Workshop see Sesame Workshop This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Children s television series news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Children s television series or children s television shows are television programs designed specifically for children They are typically characterised by easy going content devoid of sensitive or adult facing themes and are normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake immediately before and after school schedules generally start country by country Educational themes are also prevalent as well as the transmission of cautionary tales and narratives which teach problem solving methods in some fashion or another such as social disputes Sesame Street is named as one of the most well known children s television series The purpose of these shows outside of profit is mainly to entertain or educate Complicating matters somewhat is that not all children s programs are equal some are aimed at infants and toddlers 1 some are aimed at those aged 6 to 11 years old and then there is broadcast content for adolescents and those aimed at all children 2 The dominance of YouTube in the 21st Century has also seen the platform become a crucial platform for children s content with some channels aimed at preteen viewers being among the most followed channels globally The quality of some children s programs on YouTube particularly those aimed at younger children has before led to widespread controversy 3 4 culminating in the 2010s as what became known as Elsagate Contents 1 History 1 1 Evolution of style in the US and beyond 1 2 Role of advertising 1 3 Saturday morning cartoon blocks 1 4 Demographics 1 5 Under represented groups 2 Channels 2 1 United States 2 2 Canada 2 3 United Kingdom 2 4 Ireland 2 5 Australia 2 6 Japan 2 7 Iceland 2 8 India 2 9 Romania 2 10 Turkey 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 Sources 5 External linksHistory EditChildren s television is nearly as old as television itself 5 In the UK the BBC s Children s Hour was first broadcast in 1946 and is in anglocentric circles generally credited with being the first TV programme specifically for children 6 Some authors posit television for children tended to originate from similar programs on radio Running with the UK example the BBC s Children s Hour was launched as a radio broadcast in 1922 7 with BBC School Radio commencing live broadcasts in 1924 In the early 1930s US media landscape radio adventure serials such as Little Orphan Annie began to emerge and became a staple of children s afternoon radio listening 8 Evolution of style in the US and beyond Edit Early children s shows included Kukla Fran and Ollie 1947 Howdy Doody and Captain Kangaroo Another show Ding Dong School aired from 1952 to 1965 Its creator and host Frances Horwich would sit in front of the camera and simulate small talk with the viewing audience at home demonstrating basic skills for the camera This practice lives on in contemporary children s broadcasting as a genre in of itself with Australia s ongoing program Play School one example At one time a program called Winky Dink and You took a more interactive approach prompting its viewers to affix a clear vinyl sheet to their television and draw pictures to match what was going on on screen This format did not persist nor was it replicated due to a number of factors unrelated to its popularity children whose parents did not buy them the vinyl sheet would draw with crayons directly on the television screen itself potentially causing expensive damage there were also concerns that having children within arm s length of a television screen of the era could expose them to harmful radiation 9 Later and more recognisably modern shows for young children include Sesame Street The Electric Company and Mister Rogers Neighborhood In the 1990s more children s television series such as Barney amp Friends Blue s Clues SpongeBob SquarePants Bear in the Big Blue House and The Big Comfy Couch were created A voluminous range of children s television programming now exists in the 2020s Notable successes outside the US include shows like Play School Noggin the Nog Thunderbirds Mr Men and Thomas amp Friends originating from the UK Le Manege Enchante from France The Singing Ringing Tree from Germany and Marine Boy from Japan Canadian studio Nelvana is a particularly prolific producer of children s programming Much of Nelvana s product is broadcast worldwide especially in the US where the similarities in dialect do not require any dubbing or localization Role of advertising Edit In the United States early children s television was often co opted as a platform to market products and it rarely contained any educational elements for instance The Magic Clown a popular early children s program was primarily an advertisement for Bonomo s Turkish taffy In the early years of television advertising to children posed a dilemma as most children have no disposable income of their own As such children s television was not a particularly high priority for the networks 10 This practice continued in a toned down manner through the 1980s in the United States after the Federal Communications Commission prohibited tie in advertising on broadcast television These regulations did not apply to cable which remains out of the reach of the FCC s content regulations Due in significant part to the success of He Man and the Masters of the Universe 11 the 1980s saw a dramatic rise in television programs featuring characters of whom toy characters were being sold to retail consumers in bricks and mortar stores underscoring the value potential of manufacturing merchandise for fans of children s programs This practice remains firmly embedded in the broadcast sector s business case broadly in the 2020s Commercial free children television was first introduced with Sesame Street on PBS in November 1969 It was produced by what is now known as Sesame Workshop formerly CTW Saturday morning cartoon blocks Edit Main article Saturday morning cartoon In the United States Saturday mornings were generally scheduled with cartoon from the 1960s to 1980 s In 1992 teen comedies and a Today show weekend edition were first to displace the cartoon blocks on NBC 12 Starting in September 2002 the networks turned to affiliated cable cartoon channels or outside programmers for their blocks 13 On September 27 2014 the last traditional Saturday network morning cartoon block Vortexx ended and was replaced the following week by the syndicated One Magnificent Morning on The CW 12 Demographics Edit Children s television series can target a wide variety of key demographics based on age and gender Few television networks target infants and toddlers under two years of age 14 Preschool oriented programming is generally more overtly educational In a number of cases such shows are produced in consultation with educators and child psychologists in an effort to teach age appropriate lessons the series Sesame Street pioneered this approach when it debuted in 1969 15 A format that has increased in popularity since the 1990s is the pseudo interactive program in which the action of the show stops and breaks the fourth wall to give a young viewer the opportunity to answer a question or dilemma put forth on the show with the action continuing as if the viewer answered correctly Shows that target the demographic of persons 6 to 11 years old focus primarily on entertainment and can range from comedic cartoons to action series Most children s television series targeting this age range are animated with a few exceptions perhaps the best known being the long running Power Rangers franchise Typically programs are either for boys or for girls The teen demographic targets viewers 12 to 17 years of age Live action series that target this demographic are more dramatic and developed including teen dramas and teen sitcoms In some cases they may contain more mature content that is usually not permissible on shows targeting younger viewers and can include some profanity or suggestive dialogue Educational programming targeted at this demographic has historically been rare other than on NASA TV s education block However some programming aimed at the demographic has had some tangential educational value in regard to social issues such as the now defunct TNBC block of sitcoms which often tackled issues such as underage drinking or drug use Under represented groups Edit See also Cartoon Network and LGBT representation and LGBT representation in children s television According to at least one journalist for years Broadcast Standards and Practices departments of networks Parental Guidelines and campaigns by social conservatives limited efforts to make kids animation more inclusive 16 One former executive of Disney David Levine said that a lot of conservative opinion drove what was depicted on Cartoon Network Disney Channel and other alike channels Some argued that cable television which began to pick up in the 1990s opened the door for more representation even though various levels of approvals remained 17 Through the 2000s advocacy group GLAAD repeatedly highlighted the lack of LGBT representation in children s programming in particular 18 19 20 21 22 Two years later they recorded the highest number of LGBTQ characters they ever recorded up to that point 23 In 2017 some said that LGBTQ characters in animated television were somewhat rare 24 25 despite the fact that GLAAD praised the number of characters in broadcast and primetime television 26 27 28 From 2017 to 2019 Insider noted that there was a more than 200 spike in queer and gender minority characters in children s animated TV shows 17 In 2018 and 2019 GLAAD stated that Amazon Hulu and Netflix had increased LGBTQ representation in daytime kids and family television 29 30 In their January 2021 report GLAAD praised LGBTQ representation in episodes of DuckTales The Owl House and Adventure Time Distant Lands 31 Despite this some industry practitioners state that more than 90 of LGBTQ characters in kid s animated shows within Insider s database of characters in children s animated television shows require either a cable satellite streaming or internet subscription to view them on first airing 32 Channels EditList of children s television series by countryUnited States Edit In the United States there are three major commercial cable networks dedicated to children s television All three also operate secondary services with specialized scopes drawing upon their respective libraries such as a focus on specific demographics or a focus upon classic programming that fall within their scope and demographics all three have also extensively franchised their brands outside the United States Nickelodeon the first children s television channel launched in 1979 though its history traces back to the 1977 launch of QUBE s C 3 channel 33 it consists largely of original series aimed at children preteens and young teenagers including animated series to live action comedy and action series as well as series aimed at preschoolers and appeals to adult and adolescent audiences with a lineup of mainly live action sitcom reruns and a limited amount of original programming on Nick at Nite Nickelodeon operates four digital cable and satellite channels separate from the main service Nick Jr Channel a channel devoted to preschool programming Nicktoons which primarily although not exclusively runs animated programming NickMusic a pop music video service branded as MTV Hits prior to 2016 and TeenNick a channel devoted to live action programming This is in addition to a flexible number of free digital channels under the Nickelodeon brand on parent company Paramount Global s over the top service Pluto TV Subscription video on demand service Paramount includes much of the Nickelodeon archives Cartoon Network launched in 1992 is devoted primarily to animated programming It primarily targets children 6 14 while its early morning Cartoonito is aimed at preschoolers and kindergarteners aged 2 6 and its overnight daypart block Adult Swim targets older teenagers and young adults 18 34 Cartoon Network operates one digital cable Boomerang a channel that specializes in programs centered around classic brands that parent company Warner Bros Discovery owns particularly Hanna Barbera MGM and Warner Bros Animation along with some imported programs reruns of Cartoon Network original programs and burn off properties Disney Channel launched in 1983 as a premium channel it consists of original first run television series theatrically released and original made for cable movies and select other third party programming Disney Channel which formerly operated as a pay TV service originally marketed its programs towards families during the 1980s and later at younger children by the 1990s and primarily at teenybopper females aged 13 16 between 2006 and 2017 before returning to families Disney Channel operates two digital channels separate from the main service Disney Junior which launched in 2011 and primarily broadcasts animated series catered towards a preschool audience and Disney XD which caters primarily to an older youth audience with an action oriented focus Disney does not have a traditional television outlet for its archival programming which it has historically kept in a proverbial vault with limited access much of its programming is available through Disney a subscription video on demand service Disney also operates Freeform a channel primarily carrying live action programming catered towards a teenage young adult audience Although its previous incarnations under other owners had family oriented formats and children s programming they have since been phased out in favor of series such as teen dramas some coming from Disney Channel Under current mandates all broadcast television stations in the United States must show a minimum of three hours per week of educational children s programming regardless of format Until 2019 this rule also applied to digital subchannels as a result digital multicast networks whose formats should not fit children s programming such as Live Well Network and TheCoolTV were required to carry educational programs to fit the FCC mandates The rule for digital subchannels was repealed in July 2019 34 35 in practice most still carry educational programs anyway In 2017 there was a programming block that aired on syndication called KidsClick it was notable as a concerted effort to program children s shows on television without regard to their educational content one of the first such efforts since the E I rule took effect The transition to digital television has allowed for the debut of whole subchannels that air children s programming 24 7 examples include BabyFirst Discovery Family HBO Kids PBS Kids Smile and Universal Kids The country s only directly nationally operated TV service for public consumption NASA TV also includes educational programs in its schedule for use in schools Canada Edit English language children s specialty channels in Canada are primarily owned by Corus Entertainment and WildBrain Corus operates YTV Treehouse and Teletoon as well as localized versions of the Cartoon Network Disney Channel Disney Junior Disney XD and Nickelodeon brands WildBrain operates Family Channel as well as the spin off services Chrgd and Family Jr it has been majority owned and operated by British Columbia s public broadcaster Knowledge Network In French Corus operates Teletoon and La chaine Disney WildBrain operates Telemagino a French version of Family Jr TVA Group operates the preschool oriented Yoopa and Bell Media runs the teen oriented Vrak Via its majority owned subsidiary Telelatino Corus also operates two children and family oriented networks in Spanish and Italian TeleNinos and Telebimbi respectively On broadcast television and satellite to cable undertakings children s television content is relegated to the country s public and designated provincial educational broadcasters including CBC Television and Ici Radio Canada Tele as well as City Saskatchewan CTV Two Alberta formerly Access Knowledge Network Tele Quebec TFO and TVOntario TVOKids Aided by the cultural similarities between Canada and the US along with film credits and subsidies available from the Canadian government a large number of animated children s series have been made in Canada with the intention of exporting them to the United States Such programs carry a prominent Government of Canada wordmark in their closing credits United Kingdom Edit The BBC and ITV plc both operate children s oriented television networks on digital terrestrial television the BBC runs CBBC as well as the preschool oriented CBeebies while ITV runs CITV as well as the preschool oriented LittleBe as a programming block on ITVBe Both channels were spun off from children s television strands on their respective flagship channels BBC One BBC Two and ITV The BBC and ITV have largely phased out children s programming from their main channels in order to focus on the dedicated services in 2012 as part of the Delivering Quality First initiative the BBC announced that it would end the broadcast of CBBC programmes on BBC One following the completion of the transition to digital terrestrial television citing low viewership in comparison to broadcasts of the programmes on the CBBC channel 36 Channel 5 also broadcasts a preschool oriented block known as Milkshake while its owner Paramount Networks International also runs versions of Nickelodeon and its sister networks Nicktoons and Nick Jr Narrative Capital operate a number of children s channels under the Pop and Tiny Pop brands British versions of Cartoon Network and its sister channels Boomerang and Cartoonito also operate in the country some 25 years after the initial launch Ireland Edit Ireland has one dedicated children s TV service RTEjr Since 1998 RTE2 has provided children s programming from 07 00 to 17 30 each weekday originally titled The Den the service was renamed TRTE and RTEjr in 2010 Irish language service TG4 provide two strands of children s programming Cula 4 Na nog and Cula 4 during the day Commercial broadcaster TV3 broadcast a children s strand called Gimme 3 from 1998 1999 And then broadcast a new strand called 3Kids Australia Edit children s channels that exist in Australia are ABC Me ABC Kids KidsCo Disney Channel and its spin off Disney Junior CBeebies Nickelodeon and its spin off Nick Jr and Cartoon Network and its spin off Boomerang Japan Edit See also Children s anime and manga children s channels that exist in Japan are NHK Educational TV Kids Station Disney Channel Disney XD Nickelodeon also under a block on Animax known as Nick Time and Cartoon Network Cartoon Network s age demographic is moving towards older viewers with shows such as Hello Kitty Regular Show and Adventure Time Iceland Edit One of the most well known children s TV programmes comes from Iceland LazyTown was created by Magnus Scheving European Gymnastics Champion and CEO of LazyTown Entertainment The show has aired in over 180 countries been dubbed into more than 32 languages and is the most expensive children s show of all time India Edit In 1995 Cartoon Network became the first children s channel to be launched in India Subsequently Disney Channel and Nickelodeon arrived Hungama TV 2004 was the first children s channel that had local content Pogo and BabyTV came later in 2006 By 2018 23 channels have aired in India Romania Edit Nickelodeon was the first children s channel in Romania launched in December 1998 Afterwards Minimax became the first Romanian children s channel to air locally produced content launched on Children s Day in 2001 37 Since then channels like BabyTV and Disney Channel have arrived Turkey Edit Children s channels that exist in Turkey are Disney Channel Cartoon Network TRT Cocuk MinikaCOCUK Minika GO and Zarok TV See also EditList of local children s television series United States Saturday morning cartoon for an in depth history of children s television in the United States Advertising to childrenReferences EditCitations Edit Here Are 25 Shows You Can Feel Good About Your 2 Year Old Watching Romper Retrieved 2021 12 08 Working amp Filming with Under 18 s Guidelines Channel 4 www channel4 com Retrieved 2021 12 08 Bridle James 2018 06 21 Something is wrong on the internet Medium Retrieved 2023 05 11 Children s YouTube is still churning out blood suicide and cannibalism Wired UK ISSN 1357 0978 Retrieved 2023 05 11 Holz Jo 2017 Kids TV Grows Up The Path from Howdy Doody to SpongeBob Jefferson NC McFarland pp 13 72 ISBN 978 1 4766 6874 1 Hughes Scott 3 June 1996 Are You Sitting Comfortably A History of Children s TV The Independent Retrieved 6 May 2018 Children amp the BBC from Muffin the Mule to Tinky Winky BBC Archived from the original on 2 June 2018 Retrieved 6 May 2018 Little Orphan Annie radio program Britannica com britannica com Retrieved January 13 2017 Bob Greene March 31 2013 Winky Dink and Bill Gates CNN Retrieved March 27 2018 Rice Lynette June 8 2007 Bob Barker on saying goodbye to The Price Is Right Entertainment Weekly Retrieved April 30 2016 Erickson Hal 2005 Television Cartoon Shows An Illustrated Encyclopedia 1949 Through 2003 2nd ed McFarland amp Co pp 404 405 ISBN 978 1476665993 a b Sullivan Gail September 30 2014 Saturday morning cartoons are no more The Washington Post Retrieved October 2 2014 Bernstein Paula September 29 2002 Kid skeds tread on joint strategy Variety Retrieved October 2 2014 Nickelodeon Retakes Kids Ratings Crown With Paw Patrol Bloomberg com 18 December 2013 via Bloomberg Fisch Shalom M Truglio Rosemarie T 2001 Why Children Learn from Sesame Street In Fisch Shalom M Truglio Rosemarie T eds G is for Growing Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street Mahweh New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers p 234 ISBN 0 8058 3395 1 White Abbey June 15 2021 TV animators were forced to scrap LGBTQ inclusive storylines due to a culture of fear Experts say fans are changing that Insider Archived from the original on June 16 2021 Retrieved June 16 2021 a b Snyder Chris Desiderio Kyle June 29 2021 The evolution of queer characters in children s animation Insider Archived from the original on July 1 2021 Retrieved July 1 2021 Cook 2018 p 6 11 12 Where We Are on TV Report 2009 2010 PDF Report GLAAD 2009 pp 2 3 11 14 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 03 26 Retrieved March 11 2020 Where We Are on TV Report 2008 2009 PDF Report GLAAD 2008 p 18 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 03 25 Retrieved April 4 2020 Where We Are on TV Report 2006 2007 PDF Report GLAAD August 21 2006 p 1 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 05 13 Retrieved April 4 2020 Where We Are on TV Report 2014 2015 PDF Report GLAAD 2014 p 23 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 03 28 Retrieved April 11 2020 Glass Joe November 3 2016 LGBT characters on TV will make up larger percentage than ever study finds The Guardian Archived from the original on August 3 2019 Retrieved April 19 2020 Segal Cynthia June 30 2017 7 American Kids Cartoons That Treat Their LGBTQ Characters With Respect The Dot and Line Archived from the original on March 27 2020 Retrieved April 19 2020 Sizer Artistaeus June 30 2017 We Need To Talk About LGBT Representation Apparently HuffPost Archived from the original on April 19 2020 Retrieved April 19 2020 Mak Philip June 21 2017 In a Heartbeat Why we need more LGBTQ animation Toon Boom Archived from the original on April 5 2020 Retrieved April 19 2020 Jusino Teresa June 2 2017 Why I ll Be Holding onto These Five Nuanced and Inspiring Bisexual Characters for Dear Life This Pride The Mary Sue Archived from the original on March 29 2019 Retrieved April 19 2020 Cook 2018 p 7 Where We Are on TV Report 2018 2019 PDF Report GLAAD 2018 p 5 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 04 10 Retrieved April 21 2020 Where We Are on TV Report 2019 2020 PDF Report GLAAD 2019 pp 5 6 12 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 04 08 Retrieved April 21 2020 Where We Are on TV 2020 2021 PDF Report GLAAD January 2021 p 40 Archived from the original PDF on January 15 2021 Retrieved January 20 2021 White Abbey June 21 2021 Kids cartoons have more LGBTQ representation than ever before but only if you pay for it Insider Archived from the original on June 23 2021 Viacom www viacom com Archived from the original on 17 January 2008 Retrieved 22 May 2022 Hayes Dade July 10 2019 FCC s Vote To Ease Kid Vid Rules Draws Pushback And Democrats Dissent Deadline Retrieved 2019 07 10 Eggerton John July 10 2019 FCC Gives Broadcasters More KidVid Flexibility Broadcasting amp Cable Retrieved 2019 07 10 Children s shows to leave BBC One BBC News 16 May 2012 Retrieved 12 May 2012 minimaxtv ro totul despre copii pentru copii Archived from the original on 17 February 2005 Sources Edit Cook Carson May 2018 A History of LGBT Representation on TV A content analysis of LGBT representation on broadcast and streaming television streaming television Honors University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Retrieved July 14 2021 External links EditChildren s Television online exhibition from screenonline a website of the British Film Institute The 1950s 2000s Week By Week includes listings and factoids for local national children s shows The future of children s digital television an interview with Gloria Tristani Archived 2012 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Ryan Black The Surprising Maturity of Children s Animation The Reporter March 4 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Children 27s television series amp oldid 1166808021, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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