Cheraman Perumal Nayanar (Malayalam: ചേരമാൻ പെരുമാൾ നായനാർ; Tamil: சேரமான் பெருமாள் நாயனார்; literally meaning Chera king the Nayanar) was a bhakti poet-musician and religious teacher (one of the sixty-three nayanars) of TamilShaiva tradition in medieval south India.[1] The Cheraman Perumal's friendship with Sundarar, one of the 'Three Nayanars', is celebrated in the bhakti tradition.[2] The legend of the Cheraman Perumal is narrated in the hagiographic Periyapuranam, composed by Chekkizhar, a courtier of Chola Kulottunga II, in mid-12th century AD. The collection is based on an earlier work by Nambiyandar Nambi (10th-11th centuries AD).[3][4]Thiruvanchikulam Siva Temple in Kodungallur is associated with the Perumal and Chundaramurtti Nayanar.[5]
The Cheraman Perumal is credited as the author of 'Ponvannattandadi', hymns in praise of the Lord of Chidambaram, 'Thiruvarur Mummanikkovai', in honor of the deity of Thiruvarur, and 'Adiyula' (the first of the ulas) or 'Thirukkailayajnana Ula', in praise of Shiva.[6][7][2] Historians tentatively identify the saint with Rama Rajasekhara, the 9th century ruler of the Chera Perumal kingdom of Kerala.[1][8]
The Cheraman Perumal, according to tradition, was born in the ruling family of Malai-nadu (which had its capital at Kodunkolur or Makotai by the ocean). When the then king 'Chenkor-poraiyan' abdicated his throne, the ministers persuaded the young Cheraman or 'Perumakkotaiyar', also known as 'Kalarirrarivar', to take up the reins of the kingdom (the prince was sitting in meditation at the Tiruvanchaikkalam at this time). The prince was only prevailed upon with great difficulty.[3][9]
Cheraman Perumal then learned about lyricist Chundara (from the Nataraja of Chidambaram himself), another Shiva devotee, singing at Chidambaram, and wished to meet him and pay homage.[9] Accordingly the king left his capital and after passing through the Kongu country, finally reached Chidambaram. He then proceeded to Tiruvarur, and met with Chundra. The two became close friends over time and started on a long pilgrimage across south India (visiting Kirvelur, Nagaikkaronam, Tirumaraikkadu, Palanam, Agastyanpalli, Kulagar-Kodikkoyil, Tirupattur, Madurai, Tiruppuvanam, Tiruvappanur, Tiruvedagam, Tirupparangunram, Kurralam, Kurumbala, Tirunelveli, Ramesvaram, Tiruchchuliyal, Kanapper, Tiruppunavayil, Patalesvaram, Tirukkandiyur and Tiruvaiyyaru) .[3][9]
Years later, Chundara visited his fellow-devotee Cheraman Perumal at Kodunkolur and stayed in the city as a royal guest.[3] One day messengers from Shiva arrived at Tiruvanchaikkalam to inform Chundara that it was now time for him to 'return' to Mount Kailasa. Chundara hence ascended to Kailasa on a white elephant (with the Chera king following him on horseback).[3][9]
Referencesedit
^ abKarashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). "States in Deccan and Kerala". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–47. ISBN978-0-19-809977-2.
^ abVeluthat, Kesavan (2004). "Mahodayapuram-Kotunnallur: a Capital City as a Sacred Centre". South Indian Horizon: Felicitation Volume for François Gros. École Française D'Extrême-Orient. pp. 471–85.
^ abcdeMuthaliyar, C. K. Chuppiramaniya, ed. (1954). Periyapuraṇam. Coimbatore: Kovai Tamil Cankam.
^Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 46–47. ISBN9788188765072.
^Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 152–153. ISBN9788188765072.
^Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 382–383. ISBN9788188765072.
^Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 48–50. ISBN9788188765072.
^Veluthat, Kesavan (2017). "The Temple and the State in Medieval South India". Studies in People's History. 4 (1): 15–23. doi:10.1177/2348448917693729. S2CID 158422635.
^ abcdAyyar, A. S. Ramanatha (1925). "Cheraman-Perumal". Travancore Archaeological Series. Vol. V. Trivandrum: Government of Travancore. pp. 96–98.
March 06, 2024
cheraman, perumal, nayanar, malayalam, രമ, യന, tamil, ரம, யன, literally, meaning, chera, king, nayanar, bhakti, poet, musician, religious, teacher, sixty, three, nayanars, tamil, shaiva, tradition, medieval, south, india, cheraman, perumal, friendship, with, s. Cheraman Perumal Nayanar Malayalam ച രമ ൻ പ ര മ ൾ ന യന ർ Tamil ச ரம ன ப ர ம ள ந யன ர literally meaning Chera king the Nayanar was a bhakti poet musician and religious teacher one of the sixty three nayanars of Tamil Shaiva tradition in medieval south India 1 The Cheraman Perumal s friendship with Sundarar one of the Three Nayanars is celebrated in the bhakti tradition 2 The legend of the Cheraman Perumal is narrated in the hagiographic Periyapuranam composed by Chekkizhar a courtier of Chola Kulottunga II in mid 12th century AD The collection is based on an earlier work by Nambiyandar Nambi 10th 11th centuries AD 3 4 Thiruvanchikulam Siva Temple in Kodungallur is associated with the Perumal and Chundaramurtti Nayanar 5 Cheraman Perumal NayanarDepiction of Cherman Perumal Nayanar in Brihadisvara Temple ThanjavurPersonalReligionTamil Shaivism Bhakti Notable work s Ponvannattandadi Thiruvarur Mummanikkovai Adiyula or Thirukkailayajnana UlaTempleThiruvanchikulam Shiva TempleThe Cheraman Perumal is credited as the author of Ponvannattandadi hymns in praise of the Lord of Chidambaram Thiruvarur Mummanikkovai in honor of the deity of Thiruvarur and Adiyula the first of the ulas or Thirukkailayajnana Ula in praise of Shiva 6 7 2 Historians tentatively identify the saint with Rama Rajasekhara the 9th century ruler of the Chera Perumal kingdom of Kerala 1 8 The legend of Cheraman Perumal edit nbsp Depiction of Cherman Perumal Nayanar in Brihadisvara Temple Thanjavur 11th century fresco The Cheraman Perumal according to tradition was born in the ruling family of Malai nadu which had its capital at Kodunkolur or Makotai by the ocean When the then king Chenkor poraiyan abdicated his throne the ministers persuaded the young Cheraman or Perumakkotaiyar also known as Kalarirrarivar to take up the reins of the kingdom the prince was sitting in meditation at the Tiruvanchaikkalam at this time The prince was only prevailed upon with great difficulty 3 9 Cheraman Perumal then learned about lyricist Chundara from the Nataraja of Chidambaram himself another Shiva devotee singing at Chidambaram and wished to meet him and pay homage 9 Accordingly the king left his capital and after passing through the Kongu country finally reached Chidambaram He then proceeded to Tiruvarur and met with Chundra The two became close friends over time and started on a long pilgrimage across south India visiting Kirvelur Nagaikkaronam Tirumaraikkadu Palanam Agastyanpalli Kulagar Kodikkoyil Tirupattur Madurai Tiruppuvanam Tiruvappanur Tiruvedagam Tirupparangunram Kurralam Kurumbala Tirunelveli Ramesvaram Tiruchchuliyal Kanapper Tiruppunavayil Patalesvaram Tirukkandiyur and Tiruvaiyyaru 3 9 Years later Chundara visited his fellow devotee Cheraman Perumal at Kodunkolur and stayed in the city as a royal guest 3 One day messengers from Shiva arrived at Tiruvanchaikkalam to inform Chundara that it was now time for him to return to Mount Kailasa Chundara hence ascended to Kailasa on a white elephant with the Chera king following him on horseback 3 9 References edit a b Karashima Noboru ed 2014 States in Deccan and Kerala A Concise History of South India Issues and Interpretations Oxford University Press pp 146 47 ISBN 978 0 19 809977 2 a b Veluthat Kesavan 2004 Mahodayapuram Kotunnallur a Capital City as a Sacred Centre South Indian Horizon Felicitation Volume for Francois Gros Ecole Francaise D Extreme Orient pp 471 85 a b c d e Muthaliyar C K Chuppiramaniya ed 1954 Periyapuraṇam Coimbatore Kovai Tamil Cankam Narayanan M G S 2013 1972 Perumaḷs of Kerala Thrissur Kerala CosmoBooks pp 46 47 ISBN 9788188765072 Narayanan M G S 2013 1972 Perumaḷs of Kerala Thrissur Kerala CosmoBooks pp 152 153 ISBN 9788188765072 Narayanan M G S 2013 1972 Perumaḷs of Kerala Thrissur Kerala CosmoBooks pp 382 383 ISBN 9788188765072 Narayanan M G S 2013 1972 Perumaḷs of Kerala Thrissur Kerala CosmoBooks pp 48 50 ISBN 9788188765072 Veluthat Kesavan 2017 The Temple and the State in Medieval South India Studies in People s History 4 1 15 23 doi 10 1177 2348448917693729 S2CID 158422635 a b c d Ayyar A S Ramanatha 1925 Cheraman Perumal Travancore Archaeological Series Vol V Trivandrum Government of Travancore pp 96 98 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cheraman Perumal Nayanar amp oldid 1200664943, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
