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Central bearded dragon

February 15, 2024

The central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), also known as the inland bearded dragon, is a species of agamid lizard found in a wide range of arid to semiarid regions of eastern and central Australia.[2]

Central bearded dragon
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Agamidae
Genus: Pogona
Species:
P. vitticeps
Binomial name
Pogona vitticeps
Ahl, 1927
Native distribution

Taxonomy edit

Pogona vitticeps was first described by German zoologist Ernst Ahl in 1926, who placed it in the genus Amphibolurus.[3][4]

Description edit

 
The "beard"
 
In captivity

Adults of this species can reach a total length of up to 60 cm (24 in), with the tail accounting for more than half. Some sexual dimorphism is present: males can be distinguished from females by a wider cloacal opening, a wider base of the tail, a larger head and beard, and the possession of hemipenes.[5] Males also have more pronounced femoral pores than females (these can be seen as waxy bumps on the underside of the back legs).[6] Bearded dragons vary widely in colour, including brown, reddish-brown, red, yellow, white and orange. They are capable of undergoing moderate changes in coloration, and scales along both sides of the throat, neck, and head form a row of narrow spines that runs down each side of the body to the tail. When feeling threatened, a bearded dragon will flatten its body against the ground, puff out its spiny throat and open its jaws to make itself appear larger. The bearded dragon is so named because of the pouch-like projection (also called the guttural pouch) on the underside of the neck and chin area which typically turns darker than the rest of the body. It also boasts spiny projections. Both of these characteristics appear similar to a human's beard. Males typically have a darker "beard" than females, and during mating season and courtship it will typically darken to near-black. The bearded dragon, like most agamid lizards, has strong legs which enable it to lift its body completely off the ground while it moves. This is done to reduce the heat taken in from the ground, as well as to increase the air flow over the belly to cool itself further.

A study conducted in 2014 established the existence of endogenous circadian rhythm in pigmentation changes in P. vitticeps. If exposed to light, the dorsal skin of the lizard becomes darker, and if exposed to darkness, it becomes lighter. Under constant darkness (i.e. in the subjective night), the lizards' dorsal skin becomes the lightest.[7]

Many species of Pogona have a parietal eye (there are many names for it), a photoreceptor found on the centre of the head. This photoreceptor is responsible for thermoregulation and hormone regulation.[8] A study in March 2020 on the Central Bearded Dragon found that light-dependent magnetoreception occurs when light with a wavelength under 580 nanometers enters the parietal eye.[9][10]

Ecology and behaviour edit

P. vitticeps is native to the semiarid woodland, arid woodland, and rocky desert regions of Central Australia. They are skilled climbers and often spend just as much time perching on tree limbs, fence posts, and in bushes as they do on the ground. They spend the morning and early evening sunning themselves on exposed branches or rocks, and retreat to shady areas or burrows during the hottest parts of the afternoon.

P. vitticeps are opportunistic omnivores. They live in areas where food may be hard to find, so bearded dragons are not finicky eaters. Their stomachs are large to accommodate large quantities of plant matter, insects, and the occasional small rodent or lizard.[11]

Bearded dragons do not vocalize, except to hiss softly when threatened. Instead, they communicate through colour displays, posture, and physical gestures, such as arm waving and head bobbing. Bearded dragons are not social animals, but will sometimes gather in groups, especially in popular feeding or basking areas. At these times, a distinct hierarchy will emerge: the highest-ranking animals will take the best – usually the highest or sunniest – basking spots, and all other individuals arrange themselves lower down.[12] If a low-ranking animal tries to challenge one of the dominant dragons, the dominant animal will demonstrate its superiority by bobbing its head and inflating its beard, at which point the challenger may signal submission by waving one of its arms in a slow or fast circle. If the low-ranking dragon does not submit, it will return the head bob, and a standoff or fight may ensue.

The head bob gestures are:[13]

  • Slow bowing motion – often used by adult females to signal submission to a male
  • Fast bob – used by males to signal dominance (often accompanied by an inflated and/or blackened beard)
  • Violent bob – used by males just before mating; much more vigorous, and usually sets the animal's whole body in motion
  • Both males and females will occasionally do fast and violent head bobs, which shows they are stressed out and need to be isolated.

The male will only wave to show submission to a dominant male, whereas the female will wave, followed by a slow head bob, to show she is ready to mate. Gravid females will often refuse the advances of a male by chasing him and lying on his back.

When under direct attack, the central bearded dragon opens its mouth to display its yellow membranes and extend its beard.[14] It darkens the colour of its skin and flattens its body, and will hiss and make small jumps towards the attacker. Bearded dragons are not known to attack humans.[5]

Adult male bearded dragons can bite more forcefully than adult females and this difference is associated with greater head dimensions.[15]

Bearded dragons have been shown to be able to learn from watching the behaviour of conspecifics. An experiment demonstrated that after one individual was trained to open a door to reach a food item, most other bearded dragons watching this action were able to perform it as well.[16]

Reproduction edit

 
Baby bearded dragon

The age of sexual maturity has not been measured, although it is estimated to be about one or two years.[2] Body size and growth rates are more important than age when determining sexual maturity in bearded dragons.[5] Males will become very aggressive towards each other and will assert their dominance by inflating their beards and through fast head bobbing. Breeding typically occurs in the early spring. Females will lay a clutch of 11–30 oblong-shaped eggs in a shallow nest dug in the sand. After being laid, the eggs are buried and are left unattended. The eggs will hatch approximately 60 to 80 days later, depending on the incubation temperature. In captivity, they can be incubated in a styrofoam fish box, but without a male lizard, the female's eggs will not be fertile. However, a female bearded dragon can retain sperm, and thus produce fertile eggs even after being separated from a male.

Courtship involves the male "head bobbing" to display dominance. If the female displays submissive behaviour, the male will use his mouth to grab the back of the female's head and the male will also wrap his front legs around the female's upper torso to keep her from moving. Copulation and insemination are quick. The gestation period averages about a month and a half.

Thermally induced sex reversal edit

A 2015 study showed that high-temperature incubation of eggs transforms genetically male individuals into functional females.[17] Normally their sex is determined genetically. Males have ZZ sex chromosomes, females ZW. However, when their eggs are incubated at temperatures above 32 °C (90 °F) some genetic males are born female. These females are fertile, sometimes producing more eggs than the ZW females.[18] As juveniles, the sex reversed ZZ females resemble ZZ males with respect to relative tail length and boldness.[19] However, as adults sex-reversed ZZ females lack the larger head and greater bite force of ZZ males and more closely resemble ZW females.[15]

Captive breeding edit

 
A central bearded dragon at the Milwaukee Public Museum
 
Exhibit at the Henry Doorly Zoo

Several of the Pogona genus are bred in captivity as pets; the two most popular are this species and the Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni).[20][21] The bulk of captive-bred bearded dragons today are thought to have originated from stock illegally exported from Australia during the 1970s.[22]

Captives worldwide are threatened by Agamid adenovirus, a virus that compromises the immune system of the dragon, and leads to death from other diseases. However, the majority of the infections are subclinical. Subclinically infected animals show no symptoms, but are active carriers of the disease and will infect other bearded dragons. Pet bearded dragons are commonly susceptible to Metabolic Bone Disease due to a lack of calcium in the diet, as well as impactions from ingesting sand or insects that are too large for their mouth.[23]

When the female is ready to lay eggs, she will generally stop eating, and spend most of her time trying to dig.

A morph with underdeveloped dorsal scales is popular as a terrarium pet under the name of "leatherback bearded dragon".[24]

References edit

  1. ^ Melville, J.; Wilson, S. (2018). "Pogona vitticeps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T83494364A83494440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T83494364A83494440.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b (PDF), Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, May 2011, archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2023
  3. ^ Ahl, E. 1926. Neue Eidechsen und Amphibien. Zool. Anz. 67: 186–192
  4. ^ Pogona vitticeps at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
  5. ^ a b c Doneley, B. (2006). "Caring for the bearded dragon". Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. 20: 1607–1611.
  6. ^ . Reptile Specialists LLC. 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19.
  7. ^ Fan, Marie; Stuart-Fox, Devi; Cadena, Viviana (29 October 2014). "Cyclic Colour Change in the Bearded Dragon Pogona vitticeps under Different Photoperiods". PLOS ONE. 9 (10): e111504. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1504F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111504. PMC 4213017. PMID 25354192. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  8. ^ Nairn, Tina (2020-06-05). "Bearded Dragons Third Eye [how it changes behaviors & care]". Retrieved 2023-01-25.
  9. ^ Levitt, Blake; Lai, Henry; Manville, Albert (2022). "Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF". Reviews on Environmental Health. DeGruyter. 37 (3): 327–406. doi:10.1515/reveh-2021-0050. PMID 34243228. S2CID 235779557.
  10. ^ Nishimura, Tsutomu (2020-03-15). "The Parietal Eye of Lizards (Pogona vitticeps) Needs Light at a Wavelength Lower than 580 nm to Activate Light-Dependent Magnetoreception". Animals. MDPI. 10 (3): 489. doi:10.3390/ani10030489. PMC 7143638. PMID 32183459. S2CID 212752273.
  11. ^ "Pogona vitticeps (Central Bearded Dragon)". Animal Diversity Web.
  12. ^ "BEARDED DRAGON (Pogona vitticeps)". www.lihs.org. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  13. ^ "Understand Your Bearded Dragon Behaviors and Body Languages". The Pet Enthusiast. 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
  14. ^ Witten, G.J. (1993). No. 29 Family Agamidae. Fauna of Australia. Volume 2A. AGPS Canberra
  15. ^ a b Jones, Marc E. H.; Pistevos, Jennifer C. A.; Cooper, Natalie; Lappin, A. Kristopher; Georges, Arthur; Hutchinson, Mark N.; Holleley, Clare E. (2020). "Reproductive phenotype predicts adult bite-force performance in sex reversed dragons (Pogona vitticeps)". Journal of Experimental Zoology A. 333 (4): 252‒263. doi:10.1002/jez.2353. hdl:10141/622643. PMID 32061035. S2CID 211122728.
  16. ^ John Virata (1 October 2014). "Bearded Dragon Lizards Are Smarter Than You Might Think!". Reptile Magazine.
  17. ^ Holleley, Care E.; O'Meally, Denis; Sarre, Stephen D.; Graves, Jennifer A. Marshall; Ezaz, Tariq; Matsubara, Kazumi; Azad, Bhumika; Zhang, Xiuwen; Georges, Arthur (2015). "Sex reversal triggers the rapid transition from genetic to temperature-dependent sex". Nature. 523 (7558): 79‒82. Bibcode:2015Natur.523...79H. doi:10.1038/nature14574. PMID 26135451. S2CID 1741119.
  18. ^ "TMale Bearded Dragons Turn Female In The Heat". IFLScience. 8 June 2016.
  19. ^ Li, Hong; Holleley, Clare E.; Elphick, Melanie; Georges, Arthur; Shine, Richard (2016). "The behavioural consequences of sex reversal in dragons". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283 (1832): 20160217. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0217. PMC 4920310.
  20. ^ "Pet Profile – Bearded Dragons". The Pet Show. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008.
  21. ^ Browne-Cooper, Robert; Brian Bush; Brad Maryan; David Robinson (2007). Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush: Southwestern Australia. University of Western Australia Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-1-920694-74-6. Western Bearded Dragon, Pogona minor minor
  22. ^ Steve Grenard – Your Happy Healthy Pet: Bearded Dragon 2nd Edition, page 35
  23. ^ Cannon, Michael James (October 2003). "Husbandry and veterinary aspects of the bearded dragon ( pogona spp. ) in Australia". Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 12 (4): 205–214. doi:10.1053/s1055-937x(03)00036-7. ISSN 1055-937X.
  24. ^ "What Is A Leatherback Bearded Dragon?". BeardiesRule. 23 April 2022.

Further reading edit

  • Kis, Anna; Huber, Ludwig; Wilkinson, Anna (January 2015). "Social learning by imitation in a reptile (Pogona vitticeps)" (PDF). Animal Cognition. 18 (1): 325–331. doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0803-7. PMID 25199480. S2CID 18161181. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

February 15, 2024
central, bearded, dragon, central, bearded, dragon, pogona, vitticeps, also, known, inland, bearded, dragon, species, agamid, lizard, found, wide, range, arid, semiarid, regions, eastern, central, australia, conservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific. The central bearded dragon Pogona vitticeps also known as the inland bearded dragon is a species of agamid lizard found in a wide range of arid to semiarid regions of eastern and central Australia 2 Central bearded dragonConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ReptiliaOrder SquamataSuborder IguaniaFamily AgamidaeGenus PogonaSpecies P vitticepsBinomial namePogona vitticepsAhl 1927Native distribution Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Ecology and behaviour 4 Reproduction 5 Thermally induced sex reversal 6 Captive breeding 7 References 8 Further readingTaxonomy editPogona vitticeps was first described by German zoologist Ernst Ahl in 1926 who placed it in the genus Amphibolurus 3 4 Description edit nbsp The beard nbsp In captivityAdults of this species can reach a total length of up to 60 cm 24 in with the tail accounting for more than half Some sexual dimorphism is present males can be distinguished from females by a wider cloacal opening a wider base of the tail a larger head and beard and the possession of hemipenes 5 Males also have more pronounced femoral pores than females these can be seen as waxy bumps on the underside of the back legs 6 Bearded dragons vary widely in colour including brown reddish brown red yellow white and orange They are capable of undergoing moderate changes in coloration and scales along both sides of the throat neck and head form a row of narrow spines that runs down each side of the body to the tail When feeling threatened a bearded dragon will flatten its body against the ground puff out its spiny throat and open its jaws to make itself appear larger The bearded dragon is so named because of the pouch like projection also called the guttural pouch on the underside of the neck and chin area which typically turns darker than the rest of the body It also boasts spiny projections Both of these characteristics appear similar to a human s beard Males typically have a darker beard than females and during mating season and courtship it will typically darken to near black The bearded dragon like most agamid lizards has strong legs which enable it to lift its body completely off the ground while it moves This is done to reduce the heat taken in from the ground as well as to increase the air flow over the belly to cool itself further A study conducted in 2014 established the existence of endogenous circadian rhythm in pigmentation changes in P vitticeps If exposed to light the dorsal skin of the lizard becomes darker and if exposed to darkness it becomes lighter Under constant darkness i e in the subjective night the lizards dorsal skin becomes the lightest 7 Many species of Pogona have a parietal eye there are many names for it a photoreceptor found on the centre of the head This photoreceptor is responsible for thermoregulation and hormone regulation 8 A study in March 2020 on the Central Bearded Dragon found that light dependent magnetoreception occurs when light with a wavelength under 580 nanometers enters the parietal eye 9 10 Ecology and behaviour editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message P vitticeps is native to the semiarid woodland arid woodland and rocky desert regions of Central Australia They are skilled climbers and often spend just as much time perching on tree limbs fence posts and in bushes as they do on the ground They spend the morning and early evening sunning themselves on exposed branches or rocks and retreat to shady areas or burrows during the hottest parts of the afternoon P vitticeps are opportunistic omnivores They live in areas where food may be hard to find so bearded dragons are not finicky eaters Their stomachs are large to accommodate large quantities of plant matter insects and the occasional small rodent or lizard 11 Bearded dragons do not vocalize except to hiss softly when threatened Instead they communicate through colour displays posture and physical gestures such as arm waving and head bobbing Bearded dragons are not social animals but will sometimes gather in groups especially in popular feeding or basking areas At these times a distinct hierarchy will emerge the highest ranking animals will take the best usually the highest or sunniest basking spots and all other individuals arrange themselves lower down 12 If a low ranking animal tries to challenge one of the dominant dragons the dominant animal will demonstrate its superiority by bobbing its head and inflating its beard at which point the challenger may signal submission by waving one of its arms in a slow or fast circle If the low ranking dragon does not submit it will return the head bob and a standoff or fight may ensue The head bob gestures are 13 Slow bowing motion often used by adult females to signal submission to a male Fast bob used by males to signal dominance often accompanied by an inflated and or blackened beard Violent bob used by males just before mating much more vigorous and usually sets the animal s whole body in motion Both males and females will occasionally do fast and violent head bobs which shows they are stressed out and need to be isolated The male will only wave to show submission to a dominant male whereas the female will wave followed by a slow head bob to show she is ready to mate Gravid females will often refuse the advances of a male by chasing him and lying on his back When under direct attack the central bearded dragon opens its mouth to display its yellow membranes and extend its beard 14 It darkens the colour of its skin and flattens its body and will hiss and make small jumps towards the attacker Bearded dragons are not known to attack humans 5 Adult male bearded dragons can bite more forcefully than adult females and this difference is associated with greater head dimensions 15 Bearded dragons have been shown to be able to learn from watching the behaviour of conspecifics An experiment demonstrated that after one individual was trained to open a door to reach a food item most other bearded dragons watching this action were able to perform it as well 16 Reproduction edit nbsp Baby bearded dragonThe age of sexual maturity has not been measured although it is estimated to be about one or two years 2 Body size and growth rates are more important than age when determining sexual maturity in bearded dragons 5 Males will become very aggressive towards each other and will assert their dominance by inflating their beards and through fast head bobbing Breeding typically occurs in the early spring Females will lay a clutch of 11 30 oblong shaped eggs in a shallow nest dug in the sand After being laid the eggs are buried and are left unattended The eggs will hatch approximately 60 to 80 days later depending on the incubation temperature In captivity they can be incubated in a styrofoam fish box but without a male lizard the female s eggs will not be fertile However a female bearded dragon can retain sperm and thus produce fertile eggs even after being separated from a male Courtship involves the male head bobbing to display dominance If the female displays submissive behaviour the male will use his mouth to grab the back of the female s head and the male will also wrap his front legs around the female s upper torso to keep her from moving Copulation and insemination are quick The gestation period averages about a month and a half Thermally induced sex reversal editA 2015 study showed that high temperature incubation of eggs transforms genetically male individuals into functional females 17 Normally their sex is determined genetically Males have ZZ sex chromosomes females ZW However when their eggs are incubated at temperatures above 32 C 90 F some genetic males are born female These females are fertile sometimes producing more eggs than the ZW females 18 As juveniles the sex reversed ZZ females resemble ZZ males with respect to relative tail length and boldness 19 However as adults sex reversed ZZ females lack the larger head and greater bite force of ZZ males and more closely resemble ZW females 15 Captive breeding edit nbsp A central bearded dragon at the Milwaukee Public Museum nbsp Exhibit at the Henry Doorly ZooSeveral of the Pogona genus are bred in captivity as pets the two most popular are this species and the Rankin s dragon Pogona henrylawsoni 20 21 The bulk of captive bred bearded dragons today are thought to have originated from stock illegally exported from Australia during the 1970s 22 Captives worldwide are threatened by Agamid adenovirus a virus that compromises the immune system of the dragon and leads to death from other diseases However the majority of the infections are subclinical Subclinically infected animals show no symptoms but are active carriers of the disease and will infect other bearded dragons Pet bearded dragons are commonly susceptible to Metabolic Bone Disease due to a lack of calcium in the diet as well as impactions from ingesting sand or insects that are too large for their mouth 23 When the female is ready to lay eggs she will generally stop eating and spend most of her time trying to dig A morph with underdeveloped dorsal scales is popular as a terrarium pet under the name of leatherback bearded dragon 24 References edit Melville J Wilson S 2018 Pogona vitticeps IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T83494364A83494440 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 1 RLTS T83494364A83494440 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 a b Pest Risk Assessment Central bearded dragon PDF Tasmania Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment May 2011 archived from the original PDF on 17 February 2023 Ahl E 1926 Neue Eidechsen und Amphibien Zool Anz 67 186 192 Pogona vitticeps at the Reptarium cz Reptile Database a b c Doneley B 2006 Caring for the bearded dragon Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference 20 1607 1611 Reptile Care and Husbandry Bearded Dragons Reptile Specialists LLC 2008 Archived from the original on 2012 02 19 Fan Marie Stuart Fox Devi Cadena Viviana 29 October 2014 Cyclic Colour Change in the Bearded Dragon Pogona vitticeps under Different Photoperiods PLOS ONE 9 10 e111504 Bibcode 2014PLoSO 9k1504F doi 10 1371 journal pone 0111504 PMC 4213017 PMID 25354192 Retrieved 29 October 2014 Nairn Tina 2020 06 05 Bearded Dragons Third Eye how it changes behaviors amp care Retrieved 2023 01 25 Levitt Blake Lai Henry Manville Albert 2022 Effects of non ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna Part 2 impacts how species interact with natural and man made EMF Reviews on Environmental Health DeGruyter 37 3 327 406 doi 10 1515 reveh 2021 0050 PMID 34243228 S2CID 235779557 Nishimura Tsutomu 2020 03 15 The Parietal Eye of Lizards Pogona vitticeps Needs Light at a Wavelength Lower than 580 nm to Activate Light Dependent Magnetoreception Animals MDPI 10 3 489 doi 10 3390 ani10030489 PMC 7143638 PMID 32183459 S2CID 212752273 Pogona vitticeps Central Bearded Dragon Animal Diversity Web BEARDED DRAGON Pogona vitticeps www lihs org Retrieved 2020 08 16 Understand Your Bearded Dragon Behaviors and Body Languages The Pet Enthusiast 2019 10 11 Retrieved 2019 12 30 Witten G J 1993 No 29 Family Agamidae Fauna of Australia Volume 2A AGPS Canberra a b Jones Marc E H Pistevos Jennifer C A Cooper Natalie Lappin A Kristopher Georges Arthur Hutchinson Mark N Holleley Clare E 2020 Reproductive phenotype predicts adult bite force performance in sex reversed dragons Pogona vitticeps Journal of Experimental Zoology A 333 4 252 263 doi 10 1002 jez 2353 hdl 10141 622643 PMID 32061035 S2CID 211122728 John Virata 1 October 2014 Bearded Dragon Lizards Are Smarter Than You Might Think Reptile Magazine Holleley Care E O Meally Denis Sarre Stephen D Graves Jennifer A Marshall Ezaz Tariq Matsubara Kazumi Azad Bhumika Zhang Xiuwen Georges Arthur 2015 Sex reversal triggers the rapid transition from genetic to temperature dependent sex Nature 523 7558 79 82 Bibcode 2015Natur 523 79H doi 10 1038 nature14574 PMID 26135451 S2CID 1741119 TMale Bearded Dragons Turn Female In The Heat IFLScience 8 June 2016 Li Hong Holleley Clare E Elphick Melanie Georges Arthur Shine Richard 2016 The behavioural consequences of sex reversal in dragons Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 283 1832 20160217 doi 10 1098 rspb 2016 0217 PMC 4920310 Pet Profile Bearded Dragons The Pet Show Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2008 Browne Cooper Robert Brian Bush Brad Maryan David Robinson 2007 Reptiles and Frogs in the Bush Southwestern Australia University of Western Australia Press p 161 ISBN 978 1 920694 74 6 Western Bearded Dragon Pogona minor minor Steve Grenard Your Happy Healthy Pet Bearded Dragon 2nd Edition page 35 Cannon Michael James October 2003 Husbandry and veterinary aspects of the bearded dragon pogona spp in Australia Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 12 4 205 214 doi 10 1053 s1055 937x 03 00036 7 ISSN 1055 937X What Is A Leatherback Bearded Dragon BeardiesRule 23 April 2022 Further reading editKis Anna Huber Ludwig Wilkinson Anna January 2015 Social learning by imitation in a reptile Pogona vitticeps PDF Animal Cognition 18 1 325 331 doi 10 1007 s10071 014 0803 7 PMID 25199480 S2CID 18161181 Retrieved 30 April 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Central bearded dragon amp oldid 1191834960, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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