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Catholic Church and homosexuality

October 23, 2023

For a wider perspective, see Christianity and homosexuality and Catholic theology of sexuality.

The Catholic Church condemns same-sex sexual activity and denies the validity of same-sex marriage. While the Church says it opposes "unjust" discrimination against homosexual persons, it supports what it considers "just" discrimination in the employment of teachers or athletic coaches, in adoption, in the military and in housing.[1][2] The Catechism of the Catholic Church promulgated by Pope John Paul II considers sexual activity between members of the same sex to be a grave sin against chastity and sees homosexual attraction as objectively disordered.[3][4] However, the Catechism also states that homosexuals "must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity".[1][5] This teaching has developed through papal interventions, and influenced by theologians, including the Church Fathers.

The Congegration for the Doctrine of the Faith, in a document approved by Pope Francis, said that the church can not bless same-sex relationships because "God cannot bless sin", while also stating that the non-sexual aspect of the personal relationships between such people may have "positive elements".[6]

The church provides pastoral care for LGBT Catholics through a variety of official and unofficial channels that vary from diocese to diocese, and senior clergy and popes have recently begun to call for the church to do more. In many parts of the world, the Church is active politically on issues of LGBT rights. The relationship between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community has been a difficult one, especially during the height of the AIDS crisis, and World War II Nazi Germany.[7]

There have been notable Catholics who were gay or bisexual, including priests and bishops. Catholic dissenters from the official teaching say that love between people of the same sex is as spiritually valuable as love between people of the opposite sex and that LGBT Catholics are as much members of the body of Christ as heterosexuals are. Catholic organizations that support the teaching often campaign against gay rights, and argue that gay people should be celibate.

Pope Francis was the first Pope to support same-sex civil unions; after a backlash from some within the church, he later clarified that he meant laws to protect certain rights, such as hospital visitation and inheritance.[8][9] In February 2023, Pope Francis said that criminalization of same-sexual acts in several countries in Africa/in Asia are wrong, a sin and an injustice, even though traditionally the Catholic hierarchy supported anti-sodomy laws.[10][11] In a shift from previous doctrinal understanding, on September 25, 2023, Pope Francis indicated approval of blessing ceremonies for same-sex unions in some cases.

Church teaching Edit

According to the Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, "homosexual acts" are "grave sins against chastity" and "expressions of the vice of lust."[12] Homosexual acts are included among the grave sins against chastity in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.[5]

According to the Catechism, "homosexual acts" are "acts of grave depravity" that are "intrinsically disordered." It continues, "They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved."[13][14] Regarding homosexuality as an orientation, the Catechism describes it as "objectively disordered."[13]

The Catholic Church teaches that, as a person does not choose to be either homosexual or heterosexual, being gay is not inherently sinful.[15][16] According to the Catholic theology of sexuality, all sexual acts must be open to procreation by nature and express the symbolism of male-female complementarity.[17][18] Sexual acts between two members of the same sex cannot meet these standards.[19] Homosexuality thus constitutes a tendency towards this sin.[19][17][20] The church teaches that gay people are called to practice chastity.[13]

The church also teaches that gay people "must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity", and that "every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided."[13][a] whilst holding that discrimination in marriage,[22][23] employment, housing, and adoption in some circumstances can be just and "obligatory."[2][24]

The church points to several passages in the Bible as the basis for its teachings, including Genesis 19:1-11, Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13, I Corinthians 6:9, Romans 1:18-32, and I Timothy 1:10.[25] In December 2019, the Pontifical Biblical Commission published a book that included an exegesis on these and other passages.[26]

Research conducted in the fields of social sciences and study of religion indicates that the Catholic Church's teachings on sexuality are "a major source of conflict and distress" to LGBT Catholics.[27]

Same-sex marriage Edit

The church opposes same-sex marriage and is active in political campaigns against it. It also opposes same-sex civil unions and does not bless them,[28] although some priests and bishops have offered blessings for same-sex couples or spoken in favor of priests being able to bless them.[29][30][31]

In September 2021, Pope Francis expressed support for same-sex civil unions, saying that "same-sex civil unions are good and helpful to many". However, Pope Francis has also acknowledged the church's stance on changing marriage in support of the LGBT community by stating that "Marriage is a sacrament. The church doesn’t have the power to change sacraments. It’s as our Lord established."[32][33][8]

In his 25 September 2023 response to conservative cardinals' written dubia before the World Synod of Bishops, Pope Francis signaled the Church's openness to blessings for gay couples as long as they did not misrepresent the Church's view of marriage as between one man and one woman. This represented a shift—apparently sudden and intentional—away from the 2021 position of the Vatican's doctrinal office.[34][35]

History Edit

Main article: History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality
See also: History of Christianity and homosexuality and Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS

The Christian tradition has generally prohibited all sexual activities outside of sexual intercourse.[36] This includes activities engaged in by couples or individuals of either the same or different sexes.[36] The Catholic Church's position specifically on homosexuality developed from the teachings of the Church Fathers, which was in stark contrast to Greek and Roman attitudes towards same-sex relations, including pederasty.[37][38][39]

Canon law regarding same-sex sexual activity has been shaped through the decrees issued by a series of ecclesiastical councils.[40] Initially, canons against sodomy were aimed at ensuring clerical or monastic discipline, and were only widened in the medieval period to include laymen.[41] In the Summa Theologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas maintained that homosexual practice was contrary to natural law, arguing that the primary natural end of the sexual act was procreation, and since said procreation is carried out from a process of sexual fertilization between a man and a woman, homosexuality is contrary to the very end of said act.[42] He also stated that "the unnatural vice" is the greatest of the sins of lust.[43] Throughout the Middle Ages, the church repeatedly condemned homosexuality, and often collaborated with civic authorities to punish gay people. Punishment of sexual "vice" as well as religious heresy was seen as strengthening the church's moral authority.[44]

The modern church Edit

 
Toronto Catholic school flying pride flag for June

In the late 20th century, the Church has responded to gay rights movements by reiterating its condemnation of homosexuality while acknowledging the existence of gay people. In January 1976, the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Paul VI published Persona Humana, which codified the teaching against all extra-marital sex, including gay sex.[45] The document stated that acceptance of homosexual activity runs counter to the church's teaching and morality. It drew a distinction between people who were homosexual because of "a false education," "a bad example" or other causes it described as "not incurable," and a "pathological" condition which was "incurable."[46][47] However, it criticized those who argued that innate homosexuality justified same-sex sexual activity within loving relationships, and stated that the Bible condemned homosexual activity as depraved, "intrinsically disordered," never to be approved, and a consequence of rejecting God.[46]

Earlier, the controversially liberal 1966 Dutch Catechism, which was the first post-Vatican II Catholic catechism and which had been commissioned by the Dutch bishops, had stated that "The very sharp strictures of Scripture on homosexual practices (Gen. 1; Rom. 1) must be read in their context" as condemning a trend for homosexuality among non-gay people, implying that people who were gay were not condemned for homosexual activity.[48]

In October 1986, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith released a letter addressed to all the bishops of the Catholic Church entitled On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons.[49] This was signed by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as prefect. The letter gave instructions on how the clergy should deal with, and respond to, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people.[47] Designed to remove any ambiguity about permissible tolerance of homosexual orientation resulting from the earlier Persona Humana—and prompted by the growing influence of gay-accepting groups and clergy—the letter was particularly aimed at the church in the United States.[47][50][51] It affirmed the position that while homosexual orientation is not in itself a sin, it is nevertheless a tendency towards the "moral evil" of homosexual activity, and therefore must be considered "an objective disorder",[52][19]: 221  which moreover is "essentially self-indulgent" since homosexual sexual acts are not procreative and therefore not genuinely loving or selfless.[47][52]: 222 

The letter also said that accepting homosexual acts as morally equivalent to married heterosexual acts was harmful to the family and society and warned bishops to be on guard against, and not to support, Catholic organizations not upholding the Church's doctrine on homosexuality—groups which the letter said were not really Catholic.[50]: 201 [52]: 223 [53] This alluded to LGBT and LGBT-accepting Catholic groups such as DignityUSA and New Ways Ministry,[50]: 201  and ultimately resulted in the exclusion of Dignity from Church property.[54][55][56][57] The letter condemned physical and verbal violence against gay people[47] but reiterated that this did not change its opposition to homosexuality or gay rights.[52]: 222 [53] Its claims that accepting and legalizing homosexual behaviour leads to violence ("neither the Church nor society at large should be surprised" when anti-gay hate crimes increase in the wake of gay civil rights legislation) were seen as controversially blaming gay people for homophobic violence and encouraging homophobic violence.[47][58] Referring to the AIDS epidemic,[59][60] the letter, McNeill writes, blamed AIDS on gay rights activists and gay-accepting mental health professionals:[58] "Even when the practice of homosexuality may seriously threaten the lives and well-being of a large number of people, its advocates remain undeterred and refuse to consider the magnitude of the risks involved".[53]

In a statement released in July 1992, "Some Considerations Concerning the Catholic Response to Legislative Proposals on the Non-Discrimination of Homosexual Persons," the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith reiterated its position from "On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons," and further stated that discrimination against gay people in certain areas, such as selecting adoptive or foster parents or in hiring teachers, coaches, or military service members, is not unjust, and thus can be permitted in some circumstances.[2]

Pastoral care for gay Catholics Edit

Main article: Pastoral care for gay Catholics

Beginning in the 1970s, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops taught that gay people "should have an active role in the Christian community" and have called on "all Christians and citizens of good will to confront their own fears about homosexuality and to curb the humor and discrimination that offend homosexual persons. We understand that having a homosexual orientation brings with it enough anxiety, pain and issues related to self-acceptance without society bringing additional prejudicial treatment."[61] In 1997, they published a letter entitled Always Our Children, as a pastoral message to parents of gay and bisexual children with guidelines for pastoral ministers. Reiterating the church's opposition to homosexuality, it told parents not to break off contact with a gay or bisexual son or daughter; they should instead look for appropriate counseling both for the child and for themselves.[62][63]: 131  Gay Catholics, the bishops said, should be allowed to participate actively in the Christian community and, if living chastely, hold leadership positions.[62][63]: 131  It also noted "an importance and urgency" to minister to those with AIDS, especially considering the impact it had on the gay community.[62][64][65]

Bishops around the world have held diocesan events with the goal of reaching out to gay Catholics and ministering to them, and more have spoken publicly about the need to love and welcome them into the church. Pope John Paul II asked "the bishops to support, with the means at their disposal, the development of appropriate forms of pastoral care for homosexual persons.”[66] Several assemblies of the Synod of Bishops have struck similar themes, while maintaining that same-sex sexual activity is sinful and that same-sex marriage cannot be permitted.[67] In 2018, in a move regarded as a sign of respect to the community,[67] the Vatican used the acronym LGBT for the first time in an official document.[68] Pope Francis has also spoken out about the need for pastoral care for gay Catholics, adding that God made LGBT people that way.[69][70][71]

The 2014 Synod on the Family and Synod on the Family in 2015 concerned themselves in part with "accepting and valuing their [gay Catholics'] sexual orientation" and place in Catholic communities, "without compromising Catholic doctrine on the family and matrimony."[72] The reports of the synods were noted for their unusually mild language towards gay people,[73][74][75][76][77] such as the lack of use of phrases such as "intrinsically disordered."[78] They also reiterated the church's opposition to same-sex marriage and suggested outreach towards gay people.[79]

Beginning in the 1960s, a number of organizations have formed to minister to LGBT people. Organizations such as DignityUSA and New Ways Ministry, which advocate for the rights of LGBT Catholics and dissent from Church teaching, and Courage International, which encourages Catholics with same-sex attraction to live chastely and accept Church teaching, were established in the United States in response to the push within the United States for greater recognition within the church for gay men and lesbian women. Courage also has a ministry geared towards the relatives and friends of gay people called Encourage.[80] Courage is a recognized apostolate of the Church, while DignityUSA and New Ways Ministry have both been censured by the hierarchy of the American Catholic Church.

Dissent from church teaching Edit

Main article: Dissent from Catholic teaching on homosexuality

There have been practical and ministerial disagreements within the clergy, hierarchy, and laity of the Catholic Church concerning the church's position on homosexuality. Some Catholics and Catholic groups have sought to adopt an approach they consider to be more inclusive.[81][82][83][84] Dissenters argue that the prohibition on extramarital sex emphasizes the physical dimension of the act at the expense of higher moral, personal and spiritual goals[85] and that the practice of total, lifelong sexual denial risks personal isolation.[86] Other arguments include that the teaching violates "the truth of God’s unconditional love for all people", and drives "young people away from the Church".[87] Opponents argue that it is preferable to believe that this element of church teaching is mistaken.[58] The opinion of lay Catholics tends to be more supportive of gay marriage than the hierarchy.[88]

Upwards of 70 people have been fired from jobs at Catholic schools or universities because of their marriages to partners of the same sex[67][89][90][91][92] or, in one case, support for LGBT rights campaigns.[93][89] When one Jesuit high school refused to fire a teacher after he publicly entered into a gay marriage, the local bishop designated the school as no longer Catholic; the school has appealed his decision.[94] As of 2019, the Holy See has temporarily suspended the bishop’s decree.[95]

In response to church policy in the area of safe-sex education, AIDS, and gay rights, some gay rights activists have protested both inside and outside of Catholic churches, sometimes disrupting Masses. This includes at the National Shrine in Washington,[96][97] at an ordination of priests at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston,[98][99][100] and during Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York[97][96][98] where they desecrated the Eucharist.[101][102] Others have splattered paint on churches[103] and drenched an archbishop with water.[104] In 1998, Alfredo Ormando died after setting himself on fire outside Saint Peter's Basilica to protest the church's position on homosexuality.[105]

On 9 September 2022, over 80% of German bishops at the Synodal Path supported a document calling for a "re-evaluation of homosexuality" and for making changes to the Catechism.[106][107][108][109][b] On March 11, 2023, the Synodal Path with support of over 80 percentage of German Roman Catholic bishops allowed blessing ceremonies for same-sex couples in all 27 German Roman Catholic diocese.[111][112][113]

Catholic organizations Edit

The Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal organisation, has contributed over $14 million, one of the largest amounts in the United States, to political campaigns against same-sex marriage.[114] The Catholic Medical Association of North America has stated that science "counters the myth that same-sex attraction is genetically predetermined and unchangeable, and offers hope for prevention and treatment."[115] The Church, however, teaches that sexual orientation is not a choice.[15][16] Bill Donohue, president of the Catholic League, has been criticized for describing the church child sex abuse crisis as a "homosexual" problem rather than a "pedophilia" problem.[116] Donohue based his claim on the fact that most of the incidents involved sexual contact between men and boys rather than between men and girls.

Homosexuality in relation to clergy Edit

Main articles: Homosexual clergy in the Catholic Church and Gay bishops § Roman Catholic Church
See also: Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders

Homosexual clergy, and homosexual activity by clergy, are not exclusively modern phenomena, but rather date back centuries.[117] Donald Cozzens estimated the percentage of gay priests in 2000 to be 23–58%, suggesting more homosexual men (active and non-active) within the Catholic priesthood than within society at large.[118]

Instructions from Vatican bodies on admitting gay men to the priesthood have varied over time. In the 1960s chaste gay men were allowed but in 2005 a new directive banned gay men "while profoundly respecting the persons in question."[119][120]

Although homosexuality was at variance with Catholic teaching during the Middle Ages, official penalties for homosexual behavior within the clergy, both by the church and temporal authorities, were rarely codified or enforced.[121] Historian John Boswell noted that several bishops in the Middle Ages were thought by their contemporaries to have had gay relationships, and noted a potentially romantic or sexual tone to the correspondence of others with "passionate" male friends.[122] Some other historians disagree, and say that this correspondence represents friendship.[123] Although homosexual acts have been consistently condemned by the Catholic Church, some senior members of the clergy have been found or alleged to have had homosexual relationships, including Rembert Weakland, Juan Carlos Maccarone, Francisco Domingo Barbosa Da Silveira, and Keith O'Brien.[124][125][126][127] Some Popes are documented to have been homosexual or to have had male sexual partners, including Pope Benedict IX, Pope Paul II, Pope Sixtus IV, Pope Leo X, Pope Julius II and Pope Julius III.[128][129]

Political activity Edit

Main article: Political activity of the Catholic Church on LGBT issues

The church has historically been politically active in local, national, and international fora on issues of LGBT rights, typically to oppose them in keeping with Catholic moral theology and Catholic Social Teaching.

In various countries, members of the Catholic Church have intervened on occasions both to support efforts to decriminalize homosexuality, and also to ensure it remains an offence under criminal law. The Catholic Church has been described as sending "mixed signals" regarding discrimination based on sexual orientation:[86] a 1992 teaching said that because sexuality "evokes moral concern," sexual orientation is different from qualities such as race, ethnicity, sex, or age, which do not.[2][86] It added that efforts to "protect the common good" by limiting rights were permissible and sometimes obligatory, and did not constitute discrimination. The church therefore opposes the extension of at least some aspects of civil rights legislation, such as nondiscrimination in public housing,[130] educational or athletic employment,[130] adoption,[130][131] or military recruitment,[130][132] to gay men and lesbians.[36][133][2][134] The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops published a statement that was characterized by two theologians as claiming that "nondiscrimination legislation protecting LGBT people promotes immoral sexual behavior, endangers our children, and threatens religious liberty."[134] It also campaigns against same-sex marriage.

Notable lesbian, gay, and bisexual Catholics Edit

See also: List of LGBT Catholics

There have been notable gay Catholics throughout history. Writers such as Oscar Wilde,[135] Lord Alfred Douglas, Marc-André Raffalovich, and Frederick Rolfe,[135][136] and artists such as Robert Mapplethorpe,[137] were influenced by both their Catholicism and their homosexuality. Gay Catholic academics such as John J. McNeill[138] who was further on expelled from the Society of Jesus in 1987 at the request of the Vatican and John Boswell have produced work on the history and theological issues at the intersection of Christianity and homosexuality. Some notable LGBT Catholics are or were priests or nuns, such as McNeill, Virginia Apuzzo, and Jean O'Leary, who was a Roman Catholic religious sister before becoming a lesbian and gay rights activist.

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ See also On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons, paragraph 11.[21]
  2. ^ Supporting bishops are archbishop Reinhard Marx from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, bishop Karl-Heinz Wiesemann from Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer, bishop Franz Jung, from Roman Catholic Diocese of Würzburg, archbishop Heiner Koch from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin, archbishop Stefan Heße from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg, bishop Heinrich Timmerevers from Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden–Meissen, bishop Michael Gerber from Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda, Gerhard Feige from Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg, bishop Helmut Dieser from Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen, bishop Heiner Wilmer from Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim, bishop Franz-Josef Hermann Bode from Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück, bishop Felix Genn from Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster, bishop Georg Bätzing from Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg, bishop Franz-Josef Overbeck from Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen, bishop Stephan Ackermann from Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, bishop Peter Kohlgraf from Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz, bishop Gebhard Fürst from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, auxiliary bishop Josef Holtkotte from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn, auxiliary bishop Karl Borsch from Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen, auxiliary bishop Ludger Schepers from Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen, auxiliary bishop Christoph Hegge from Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster, auxiliary bishop Gerhard Schneider from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, auxiliary bishop Karl Heinz Diez from Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda, auxiliary bishop Peter Birkhofer from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg, auxiliary bishop Reinhard Hauke from Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt, auxiliary bishop Udo Bentz from Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz, auxiliary bishop Christian Würtz from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg, auxiliary bishop Franz Josef Gebert from Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, auxiliary bishop Heinz Günter Bongartz from Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim, auxiliary bishop Herwig Gössel from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg, auxiliary bishop Horst Eberlein from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg, auxiliary bishop Johannes Wübbe from Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück, auxiliary bishop Matthäus Karrer from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, auxiliary bishop Matthias König from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn, auxiliary bishop Robert Brahm from Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier, auxiliary bishop Thomas Maria Renz from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, auxiliary bishop Ulrich Boom from Roman Catholic Diocese of Würzburg, auxiliary bishop Wilfried Theising from Roman Catholic Diocese of Münster, auxiliary bishop Wilhelm Zimmermann from Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen and auxiliary bishop Wolfgang Bischof from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising.[110]

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  4. ^ Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recogniztion to Unions Between Homosexual Persons, 4 The homosexual inclination is however “objectively disordered”(9) and homosexual practices are “sins gravely contrary to chastity”.(10)
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Works cited Edit

  • Allen, John L. (30 May 2013). The Catholic Church: What Everyone Needs to Know. OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-997510-5. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  • Boswell, John (1980). Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Jung, Patricia Beattie (2007). "The Roman Catholic Tradition". In Siker, Jeffrey S. (ed.). Homosexuality and Religion: An Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing. pp. 191–200. ISBN 978-0313330889. OCLC 803676004.

Further reading Edit

  • Berger, David (November 2010). Der heilige Schein. ISBN 978-3-550-08855-1.
  • Cameli, L.J. (2012). Catholic Teaching on Homosexuality: New Paths to Understanding. Ave Maria Press. ISBN 978-1-59471-348-4.
  • Guimarães, Atila Sinke (December 1999). The Catholic Church and homosexuality. TAN Books. ISBN 978-0-89555-651-6.
  • Saunders, Kate; Peter Stanford (6 April 1992). Catholics and sex. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-434-67246-2.
  • Stuart, Elizabeth (July 1993). Chosen: Gay Catholic Priests Tell Their Stories. Geoffrey Chapman. ISBN 978-0-225-66682-3.
  • Tushnet, Eve (2014). Gay and Catholic: Accepting My Sexuality, Finding Community, Living My Faith. ISBN 978-1594715426.
  • Zanotti, Barbara, ed. (1986). A Faith of One's Own: Explorations by Catholic Lesbians. Crossing Press. ISBN 978-0895942098. catholic lesbians.
  • Catholic Church 'cannot bless same-sex unions'. BBC News. from the Wayback Machine on 19 June 2022. Pope Francis: CDF statements "not intended to be a form of unjust discrimination, but rather a reminder of the truth of the liturgical rite".

October 23, 2023
catholic, church, homosexuality, wider, perspective, christianity, homosexuality, catholic, theology, sexuality, catholic, church, condemns, same, sexual, activity, denies, validity, same, marriage, while, church, says, opposes, unjust, discrimination, against. For a wider perspective see Christianity and homosexuality and Catholic theology of sexuality The Catholic Church condemns same sex sexual activity and denies the validity of same sex marriage While the Church says it opposes unjust discrimination against homosexual persons it supports what it considers just discrimination in the employment of teachers or athletic coaches in adoption in the military and in housing 1 2 The Catechism of the Catholic Church promulgated by Pope John Paul II considers sexual activity between members of the same sex to be a grave sin against chastity and sees homosexual attraction as objectively disordered 3 4 However the Catechism also states that homosexuals must be accepted with respect compassion and sensitivity 1 5 This teaching has developed through papal interventions and influenced by theologians including the Church Fathers The Congegration for the Doctrine of the Faith in a document approved by Pope Francis said that the church can not bless same sex relationships because God cannot bless sin while also stating that the non sexual aspect of the personal relationships between such people may have positive elements 6 The church provides pastoral care for LGBT Catholics through a variety of official and unofficial channels that vary from diocese to diocese and senior clergy and popes have recently begun to call for the church to do more In many parts of the world the Church is active politically on issues of LGBT rights The relationship between the Catholic Church and the LGBT community has been a difficult one especially during the height of the AIDS crisis and World War II Nazi Germany 7 There have been notable Catholics who were gay or bisexual including priests and bishops Catholic dissenters from the official teaching say that love between people of the same sex is as spiritually valuable as love between people of the opposite sex and that LGBT Catholics are as much members of the body of Christ as heterosexuals are Catholic organizations that support the teaching often campaign against gay rights and argue that gay people should be celibate Pope Francis was the first Pope to support same sex civil unions after a backlash from some within the church he later clarified that he meant laws to protect certain rights such as hospital visitation and inheritance 8 9 In February 2023 Pope Francis said that criminalization of same sexual acts in several countries in Africa in Asia are wrong a sin and an injustice even though traditionally the Catholic hierarchy supported anti sodomy laws 10 11 In a shift from previous doctrinal understanding on September 25 2023 Pope Francis indicated approval of blessing ceremonies for same sex unions in some cases Contents 1 Church teaching 2 Same sex marriage 3 History 3 1 The modern church 4 Pastoral care for gay Catholics 5 Dissent from church teaching 6 Catholic organizations 7 Homosexuality in relation to clergy 8 Political activity 9 Notable lesbian gay and bisexual Catholics 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Works cited 14 Further readingChurch teaching EditAccording to the Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church homosexual acts are grave sins against chastity and expressions of the vice of lust 12 Homosexual acts are included among the grave sins against chastity in the Catechism of the Catholic Church 5 According to the Catechism homosexual acts are acts of grave depravity that are intrinsically disordered It continues They are contrary to the natural law They close the sexual act to the gift of life They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity Under no circumstances can they be approved 13 14 Regarding homosexuality as an orientation the Catechism describes it as objectively disordered 13 The Catholic Church teaches that as a person does not choose to be either homosexual or heterosexual being gay is not inherently sinful 15 16 According to the Catholic theology of sexuality all sexual acts must be open to procreation by nature and express the symbolism of male female complementarity 17 18 Sexual acts between two members of the same sex cannot meet these standards 19 Homosexuality thus constitutes a tendency towards this sin 19 17 20 The church teaches that gay people are called to practice chastity 13 The church also teaches that gay people must be accepted with respect compassion and sensitivity and that every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided 13 a whilst holding that discrimination in marriage 22 23 employment housing and adoption in some circumstances can be just and obligatory 2 24 The church points to several passages in the Bible as the basis for its teachings including Genesis 19 1 11 Leviticus 18 22 and 20 13 I Corinthians 6 9 Romans 1 18 32 and I Timothy 1 10 25 In December 2019 the Pontifical Biblical Commission published a book that included an exegesis on these and other passages 26 Research conducted in the fields of social sciences and study of religion indicates that the Catholic Church s teachings on sexuality are a major source of conflict and distress to LGBT Catholics 27 Same sex marriage EditThe church opposes same sex marriage and is active in political campaigns against it It also opposes same sex civil unions and does not bless them 28 although some priests and bishops have offered blessings for same sex couples or spoken in favor of priests being able to bless them 29 30 31 In September 2021 Pope Francis expressed support for same sex civil unions saying that same sex civil unions are good and helpful to many However Pope Francis has also acknowledged the church s stance on changing marriage in support of the LGBT community by stating that Marriage is a sacrament The church doesn t have the power to change sacraments It s as our Lord established 32 33 8 In his 25 September 2023 response to conservative cardinals written dubia before the World Synod of Bishops Pope Francis signaled the Church s openness to blessings for gay couples as long as they did not misrepresent the Church s view of marriage as between one man and one woman This represented a shift apparently sudden and intentional away from the 2021 position of the Vatican s doctrinal office 34 35 History EditMain article History of the Catholic Church and homosexuality See also History of Christianity and homosexuality and Catholic Church and HIV AIDS The Christian tradition has generally prohibited all sexual activities outside of sexual intercourse 36 This includes activities engaged in by couples or individuals of either the same or different sexes 36 The Catholic Church s position specifically on homosexuality developed from the teachings of the Church Fathers which was in stark contrast to Greek and Roman attitudes towards same sex relations including pederasty 37 38 39 Canon law regarding same sex sexual activity has been shaped through the decrees issued by a series of ecclesiastical councils 40 Initially canons against sodomy were aimed at ensuring clerical or monastic discipline and were only widened in the medieval period to include laymen 41 In the Summa Theologica Saint Thomas Aquinas maintained that homosexual practice was contrary to natural law arguing that the primary natural end of the sexual act was procreation and since said procreation is carried out from a process of sexual fertilization between a man and a woman homosexuality is contrary to the very end of said act 42 He also stated that the unnatural vice is the greatest of the sins of lust 43 Throughout the Middle Ages the church repeatedly condemned homosexuality and often collaborated with civic authorities to punish gay people Punishment of sexual vice as well as religious heresy was seen as strengthening the church s moral authority 44 The modern church Edit nbsp Toronto Catholic school flying pride flag for JuneIn the late 20th century the Church has responded to gay rights movements by reiterating its condemnation of homosexuality while acknowledging the existence of gay people In January 1976 the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Paul VI published Persona Humana which codified the teaching against all extra marital sex including gay sex 45 The document stated that acceptance of homosexual activity runs counter to the church s teaching and morality It drew a distinction between people who were homosexual because of a false education a bad example or other causes it described as not incurable and a pathological condition which was incurable 46 47 However it criticized those who argued that innate homosexuality justified same sex sexual activity within loving relationships and stated that the Bible condemned homosexual activity as depraved intrinsically disordered never to be approved and a consequence of rejecting God 46 Earlier the controversially liberal 1966 Dutch Catechism which was the first post Vatican II Catholic catechism and which had been commissioned by the Dutch bishops had stated that The very sharp strictures of Scripture on homosexual practices Gen 1 Rom 1 must be read in their context as condemning a trend for homosexuality among non gay people implying that people who were gay were not condemned for homosexual activity 48 In October 1986 the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith released a letter addressed to all the bishops of the Catholic Church entitled On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons 49 This was signed by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as prefect The letter gave instructions on how the clergy should deal with and respond to lesbian gay and bisexual people 47 Designed to remove any ambiguity about permissible tolerance of homosexual orientation resulting from the earlier Persona Humana and prompted by the growing influence of gay accepting groups and clergy the letter was particularly aimed at the church in the United States 47 50 51 It affirmed the position that while homosexual orientation is not in itself a sin it is nevertheless a tendency towards the moral evil of homosexual activity and therefore must be considered an objective disorder 52 19 221 which moreover is essentially self indulgent since homosexual sexual acts are not procreative and therefore not genuinely loving or selfless 47 52 222 The letter also said that accepting homosexual acts as morally equivalent to married heterosexual acts was harmful to the family and society and warned bishops to be on guard against and not to support Catholic organizations not upholding the Church s doctrine on homosexuality groups which the letter said were not really Catholic 50 201 52 223 53 This alluded to LGBT and LGBT accepting Catholic groups such as DignityUSA and New Ways Ministry 50 201 and ultimately resulted in the exclusion of Dignity from Church property 54 55 56 57 The letter condemned physical and verbal violence against gay people 47 but reiterated that this did not change its opposition to homosexuality or gay rights 52 222 53 Its claims that accepting and legalizing homosexual behaviour leads to violence neither the Church nor society at large should be surprised when anti gay hate crimes increase in the wake of gay civil rights legislation were seen as controversially blaming gay people for homophobic violence and encouraging homophobic violence 47 58 Referring to the AIDS epidemic 59 60 the letter McNeill writes blamed AIDS on gay rights activists and gay accepting mental health professionals 58 Even when the practice of homosexuality may seriously threaten the lives and well being of a large number of people its advocates remain undeterred and refuse to consider the magnitude of the risks involved 53 In a statement released in July 1992 Some Considerations Concerning the Catholic Response to Legislative Proposals on the Non Discrimination of Homosexual Persons the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith reiterated its position from On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons and further stated that discrimination against gay people in certain areas such as selecting adoptive or foster parents or in hiring teachers coaches or military service members is not unjust and thus can be permitted in some circumstances 2 Pastoral care for gay Catholics EditMain article Pastoral care for gay Catholics Beginning in the 1970s the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops taught that gay people should have an active role in the Christian community and have called on all Christians and citizens of good will to confront their own fears about homosexuality and to curb the humor and discrimination that offend homosexual persons We understand that having a homosexual orientation brings with it enough anxiety pain and issues related to self acceptance without society bringing additional prejudicial treatment 61 In 1997 they published a letter entitled Always Our Children as a pastoral message to parents of gay and bisexual children with guidelines for pastoral ministers Reiterating the church s opposition to homosexuality it told parents not to break off contact with a gay or bisexual son or daughter they should instead look for appropriate counseling both for the child and for themselves 62 63 131 Gay Catholics the bishops said should be allowed to participate actively in the Christian community and if living chastely hold leadership positions 62 63 131 It also noted an importance and urgency to minister to those with AIDS especially considering the impact it had on the gay community 62 64 65 Bishops around the world have held diocesan events with the goal of reaching out to gay Catholics and ministering to them and more have spoken publicly about the need to love and welcome them into the church Pope John Paul II asked the bishops to support with the means at their disposal the development of appropriate forms of pastoral care for homosexual persons 66 Several assemblies of the Synod of Bishops have struck similar themes while maintaining that same sex sexual activity is sinful and that same sex marriage cannot be permitted 67 In 2018 in a move regarded as a sign of respect to the community 67 the Vatican used the acronym LGBT for the first time in an official document 68 Pope Francis has also spoken out about the need for pastoral care for gay Catholics adding that God made LGBT people that way 69 70 71 The 2014 Synod on the Family and Synod on the Family in 2015 concerned themselves in part with accepting and valuing their gay Catholics sexual orientation and place in Catholic communities without compromising Catholic doctrine on the family and matrimony 72 The reports of the synods were noted for their unusually mild language towards gay people 73 74 75 76 77 such as the lack of use of phrases such as intrinsically disordered 78 They also reiterated the church s opposition to same sex marriage and suggested outreach towards gay people 79 Beginning in the 1960s a number of organizations have formed to minister to LGBT people Organizations such as DignityUSA and New Ways Ministry which advocate for the rights of LGBT Catholics and dissent from Church teaching and Courage International which encourages Catholics with same sex attraction to live chastely and accept Church teaching were established in the United States in response to the push within the United States for greater recognition within the church for gay men and lesbian women Courage also has a ministry geared towards the relatives and friends of gay people called Encourage 80 Courage is a recognized apostolate of the Church while DignityUSA and New Ways Ministry have both been censured by the hierarchy of the American Catholic Church Dissent from church teaching EditMain article Dissent from Catholic teaching on homosexuality There have been practical and ministerial disagreements within the clergy hierarchy and laity of the Catholic Church concerning the church s position on homosexuality Some Catholics and Catholic groups have sought to adopt an approach they consider to be more inclusive 81 82 83 84 Dissenters argue that the prohibition on extramarital sex emphasizes the physical dimension of the act at the expense of higher moral personal and spiritual goals 85 and that the practice of total lifelong sexual denial risks personal isolation 86 Other arguments include that the teaching violates the truth of God s unconditional love for all people and drives young people away from the Church 87 Opponents argue that it is preferable to believe that this element of church teaching is mistaken 58 The opinion of lay Catholics tends to be more supportive of gay marriage than the hierarchy 88 Upwards of 70 people have been fired from jobs at Catholic schools or universities because of their marriages to partners of the same sex 67 89 90 91 92 or in one case support for LGBT rights campaigns 93 89 When one Jesuit high school refused to fire a teacher after he publicly entered into a gay marriage the local bishop designated the school as no longer Catholic the school has appealed his decision 94 As of 2019 the Holy See has temporarily suspended the bishop s decree 95 In response to church policy in the area of safe sex education AIDS and gay rights some gay rights activists have protested both inside and outside of Catholic churches sometimes disrupting Masses This includes at the National Shrine in Washington 96 97 at an ordination of priests at the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston 98 99 100 and during Mass at St Patrick s Cathedral in New York 97 96 98 where they desecrated the Eucharist 101 102 Others have splattered paint on churches 103 and drenched an archbishop with water 104 In 1998 Alfredo Ormando died after setting himself on fire outside Saint Peter s Basilica to protest the church s position on homosexuality 105 On 9 September 2022 over 80 of German bishops at the Synodal Path supported a document calling for a re evaluation of homosexuality and for making changes to the Catechism 106 107 108 109 b On March 11 2023 the Synodal Path with support of over 80 percentage of German Roman Catholic bishops allowed blessing ceremonies for same sex couples in all 27 German Roman Catholic diocese 111 112 113 Catholic organizations EditThe Knights of Columbus a Catholic fraternal organisation has contributed over 14 million one of the largest amounts in the United States to political campaigns against same sex marriage 114 The Catholic Medical Association of North America has stated that science counters the myth that same sex attraction is genetically predetermined and unchangeable and offers hope for prevention and treatment 115 The Church however teaches that sexual orientation is not a choice 15 16 Bill Donohue president of the Catholic League has been criticized for describing the church child sex abuse crisis as a homosexual problem rather than a pedophilia problem 116 Donohue based his claim on the fact that most of the incidents involved sexual contact between men and boys rather than between men and girls Homosexuality in relation to clergy EditMain articles Homosexual clergy in the Catholic Church and Gay bishops Roman Catholic Church See also Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders Homosexual clergy and homosexual activity by clergy are not exclusively modern phenomena but rather date back centuries 117 Donald Cozzens estimated the percentage of gay priests in 2000 to be 23 58 suggesting more homosexual men active and non active within the Catholic priesthood than within society at large 118 Instructions from Vatican bodies on admitting gay men to the priesthood have varied over time In the 1960s chaste gay men were allowed but in 2005 a new directive banned gay men while profoundly respecting the persons in question 119 120 Although homosexuality was at variance with Catholic teaching during the Middle Ages official penalties for homosexual behavior within the clergy both by the church and temporal authorities were rarely codified or enforced 121 Historian John Boswell noted that several bishops in the Middle Ages were thought by their contemporaries to have had gay relationships and noted a potentially romantic or sexual tone to the correspondence of others with passionate male friends 122 Some other historians disagree and say that this correspondence represents friendship 123 Although homosexual acts have been consistently condemned by the Catholic Church some senior members of the clergy have been found or alleged to have had homosexual relationships including Rembert Weakland Juan Carlos Maccarone Francisco Domingo Barbosa Da Silveira and Keith O Brien 124 125 126 127 Some Popes are documented to have been homosexual or to have had male sexual partners including Pope Benedict IX Pope Paul II Pope Sixtus IV Pope Leo X Pope Julius II and Pope Julius III 128 129 Political activity EditMain article Political activity of the Catholic Church on LGBT issues The church has historically been politically active in local national and international fora on issues of LGBT rights typically to oppose them in keeping with Catholic moral theology and Catholic Social Teaching In various countries members of the Catholic Church have intervened on occasions both to support efforts to decriminalize homosexuality and also to ensure it remains an offence under criminal law The Catholic Church has been described as sending mixed signals regarding discrimination based on sexual orientation 86 a 1992 teaching said that because sexuality evokes moral concern sexual orientation is different from qualities such as race ethnicity sex or age which do not 2 86 It added that efforts to protect the common good by limiting rights were permissible and sometimes obligatory and did not constitute discrimination The church therefore opposes the extension of at least some aspects of civil rights legislation such as nondiscrimination in public housing 130 educational or athletic employment 130 adoption 130 131 or military recruitment 130 132 to gay men and lesbians 36 133 2 134 The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops published a statement that was characterized by two theologians as claiming that nondiscrimination legislation protecting LGBT people promotes immoral sexual behavior endangers our children and threatens religious liberty 134 It also campaigns against same sex marriage Notable lesbian gay and bisexual Catholics EditSee also List of LGBT Catholics There have been notable gay Catholics throughout history Writers such as Oscar Wilde 135 Lord Alfred Douglas Marc Andre Raffalovich and Frederick Rolfe 135 136 and artists such as Robert Mapplethorpe 137 were influenced by both their Catholicism and their homosexuality Gay Catholic academics such as John J McNeill 138 who was further on expelled from the Society of Jesus in 1987 at the request of the Vatican and John Boswell have produced work on the history and theological issues at the intersection of Christianity and homosexuality Some notable LGBT Catholics are or were priests or nuns such as McNeill Virginia Apuzzo and Jean O Leary who was a Roman Catholic religious sister before becoming a lesbian and gay rights activist See also Edit nbsp Catholicism portal nbsp LGBT portalList of Christian denominational positions on homosexuality Ministry to Persons with a Homosexual Inclination Ordination of LGBT Christian clergyNotes Edit See also On the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons paragraph 11 21 Supporting bishops are archbishop Reinhard Marx from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising bishop Karl Heinz Wiesemann from Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer bishop Franz Jung from Roman Catholic Diocese of Wurzburg archbishop Heiner Koch from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin archbishop Stefan Hesse from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg bishop Heinrich Timmerevers from Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden Meissen bishop Michael Gerber from Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda Gerhard Feige from Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg bishop Helmut Dieser from Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen bishop Heiner Wilmer from Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim bishop Franz Josef Hermann Bode from Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabruck bishop Felix Genn from Roman Catholic Diocese of Munster bishop Georg Batzing from Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg bishop Franz Josef Overbeck from Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen bishop Stephan Ackermann from Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier bishop Peter Kohlgraf from Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz bishop Gebhard Furst from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg Stuttgart auxiliary bishop Josef Holtkotte from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn auxiliary bishop Karl Borsch from Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen auxiliary bishop Ludger Schepers from Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen auxiliary bishop Christoph Hegge from Roman Catholic Diocese of Munster auxiliary bishop Gerhard Schneider from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg Stuttgart auxiliary bishop Karl Heinz Diez from Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda auxiliary bishop Peter Birkhofer from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg auxiliary bishop Reinhard Hauke from Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt auxiliary bishop Udo Bentz from Roman Catholic Diocese of Mainz auxiliary bishop Christian Wurtz from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg auxiliary bishop Franz Josef Gebert from Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier auxiliary bishop Heinz Gunter Bongartz from Roman Catholic Diocese of Hildesheim auxiliary bishop Herwig Gossel from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg auxiliary bishop Horst Eberlein from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg auxiliary bishop Johannes Wubbe from Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabruck auxiliary bishop Matthaus Karrer from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg Stuttgart auxiliary bishop Matthias Konig from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn auxiliary bishop Robert Brahm from Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier auxiliary bishop Thomas Maria Renz from Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg Stuttgart auxiliary bishop Ulrich Boom from Roman Catholic Diocese of Wurzburg auxiliary bishop Wilfried Theising from Roman Catholic Diocese of Munster auxiliary bishop Wilhelm Zimmermann from Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen and auxiliary bishop Wolfgang Bischof from Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising 110 References Edit a b Catechism of the Catholic Church www usccb org Retrieved 23 December 2022 a b c d e Some Considerations Concerning the Catholic Response to Legislative Proposals on the Non Discrimination of Homosexual Persons Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith July 1992 Vatican News The Church cannot bless same sex unions Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recogniztion to Unions Between Homosexual Persons 4 The homosexual inclination is however objectively disordered 9 and homosexual practices are sins gravely contrary to chastity 10 a b Catechism of the Catholic Church Catholic Church cannot bless same sex unions BBC News 15 March 2021 Retrieved 3 January 2023 Lulu Garcia Navarro How The Catholic Church Aided Both The Sick And The Sickness As HIV Spread PBS 1 December 2019 full citation needed a b Same sex civil unions good and helpful to many says Pope Francis euronews 16 September 2021 Retrieved 1 January 2023 Francis becomes 1st pope to endorse same sex civil unions AP NEWS Retrieved 1 January 2023 Katholisch de Legale Sunde Der Papst und die Entkriminalisierung von Homosexualitat 16 February 2023 Reuters Pope Francis says laws criminalising LGBT people are a sin and an injustice Compendium of the Catechism 492 a b c d Catechism of the Catholic Church 2nd ed Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2019 Paragraphs 2357 2359 Stewart 2003 p 184 a b Curran Charles E Curran Charles A McCormick Richard A 1998 John Paul II and Moral Theology Paulist Press p 178 ISBN 978 0 8091 3797 8 Retrieved 29 January 2019 a b 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The Male Tradition Yale University Press p 170 ISBN 0300080883 Hilliard David 1982 Un English and Unmanly Anglo Catholicism and Homosexuality PDF Victorian Studies Jack Fritscher Gay San Francisco Eyewitness Drummer San Francisco Palm Drive Publishing 2008 ISBN 1890834386 p 473 Jackfritscher com retrieved 29 September 2014 Margalit Fox Priest who pushed Catholic Church to welcome gays dies at 90 New York Times 25 September 2015Works cited EditAllen John L 30 May 2013 The Catholic Church What Everyone Needs to Know OUP USA ISBN 978 0 19 997510 5 Retrieved 29 January 2019 Boswell John 1980 Christianity Social Tolerance and Homosexuality Chicago University of Chicago Press Jung Patricia Beattie 2007 The Roman Catholic Tradition In Siker Jeffrey S ed Homosexuality and Religion An Encyclopedia Westport Connecticut Greenwood Publishing pp 191 200 ISBN 978 0313330889 OCLC 803676004 Further reading EditBerger David November 2010 Der heilige Schein ISBN 978 3 550 08855 1 Cameli L J 2012 Catholic Teaching on Homosexuality New Paths to Understanding Ave Maria Press ISBN 978 1 59471 348 4 Guimaraes Atila Sinke December 1999 The Catholic Church and homosexuality TAN Books ISBN 978 0 89555 651 6 Saunders Kate Peter Stanford 6 April 1992 Catholics and sex Vintage ISBN 978 0 434 67246 2 Stuart Elizabeth July 1993 Chosen Gay Catholic Priests Tell Their Stories Geoffrey Chapman ISBN 978 0 225 66682 3 Tushnet Eve 2014 Gay and Catholic Accepting My Sexuality Finding Community Living My Faith ISBN 978 1594715426 Zanotti Barbara ed 1986 A Faith of One s Own Explorations by Catholic Lesbians Crossing Press ISBN 978 0895942098 catholic lesbians Catholic Church cannot bless same sex unions BBC News Archived from the Wayback Machine on 19 June 2022 Pope Francis CDF statements not intended to be a form of unjust discrimination but rather a reminder of the truth of the liturgical rite Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Catholic Church and homosexuality amp oldid 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