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Carl Zuckmayer

May 04, 2023

Carl Zuckmayer (27 December 1896 – 18 January 1977)[1] was a German writer and playwright. His older brother was the pedagogue, composer, conductor, and pianist Eduard Zuckmayer.

Carl Zuckmayer
Zuckmayer in 1920
Born(1896-12-27)27 December 1896
Nackenheim, Rhenish Hesse, Germany
Died18 January 1977(1977-01-18) (aged 80)
Visp, Valais, Switzerland
Resting placeSaas-Fee, Valais, Switzerland
Occupation
  • Writer
  • playwright
LanguageGerman
Citizenship
  • German
  • American
  • Swiss
Notable awards

Life and career

 
The Zuckmayer family in July 1906, from left to right: Carl Sr., Amalie, Carl Jr., Eduard

Born in Nackenheim in Rhenish Hesse, he was the second son of Amalie (1869–1954), née Goldschmidt, and Carl Zuckmayer de (1864–1947).[2] When he was four years old, his family moved to Mainz. With the outbreak of World War I, he (like many other high school students) finished Rabanus-Maurus-Gymnasium with a facilitated "emergency" Abitur and volunteered for military service.

During the war, he served with the German Army's field artillery on the Western Front. In 1917, he published his first poems in the pacifist journal Die Aktion and he was one of the signatures of the "Appeal" published by the Antinational Socialist Party after the German Revolution of 9 November 1918. By this time, Zuckmayer held the rank of a Leutnant der Reserve (Reserve Officer).

After the war, he took up studies at the University of Frankfurt, first in humanities, later in biology and botany. In 1920, he married his childhood friend Annemarie Ganz, but they were divorced just one year later, when Zuckmayer had an affair with actress Annemarie Seidel.

Zuckmayer's initial ventures into literature and theatre were complete failures. His first drama, Kreuzweg (1921), fell flat and was delisted after only three performances, and when he was chosen as dramatic adviser at the theatre of Kiel, he lost his new job after his first, controversial staging of Terence's The Eunuch.

In 1924, he became a dramaturge at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, jointly with Bertolt Brecht. After another failure with his second drama, Pankraz erwacht oder Die Hinterwäldler, he finally had a public success with the rustic comedy Der fröhliche Weinberg ("The Merry Vineyard") in 1925, written in his local Mainz-Frankfurt dialect. This work won him the prestigious Kleist Prize two years after it was awarded to Brecht, and launched his career.[3]

Also in 1925, Zuckmayer married the Austrian actress Alice Herdan [de], and they bought a house in Henndorf, near Salzburg, in Austria. Zuckmayer's next play, Der Schinderhannes, was again successful.[citation needed]

In 1929, he wrote the script for the movie Der blaue Engel (starring Marlene Dietrich), based on the novel Professor Unrat by Heinrich Mann. That year, he was also awarded the Georg Büchner Prize, another prestigious German-language literary award.[citation needed]

In 1931, his play Der Hauptmann von Köpenick premiered and became another success, but his plays were prohibited when the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933 (Zuckmayer's maternal grandfather had been born Jewish and converted to Protestantism).[4]

Zuckmayer and his family moved to their house in Austria, where he published a few more works. After the Anschluss, he was expatriated by the Nazi government, and the Zuckmayers fled via Switzerland to the United States in 1939, where he first worked as a script writer in Hollywood before renting Backwoods Farm near Barnard, Vermont in 1941 and working there as a farmer until 1946.[citation needed]

In 1943–44, Zuckmayer wrote "character portraits" of actors, writers, and other artists in Germany for the Office of Strategic Services, evaluating their involvement with the Nazi regime. This became known only in 2002, when the approximately 150 reports were published in Germany under the title Geheimreport. The family's Vermont years are narrated in Alice Herdan-Zuckmayer's Die Farm in den grünen Bergen ("The Farm in the Green Mountains"), a bestseller in Germany upon its 1949 publication.

In January 1946, after World War II, Zuckmayer was granted the US citizenship he had applied for already in 1943. He returned to Germany and traveled the country for five months as a US cultural attaché. The resulting report to the War Department was first published in Germany in 2004 (Deutschlandbericht). His play Des Teufels General ("The Devil's General"; the main character is based on the biography of Ernst Udet), which he had written in Vermont, premiered in Zürich on 14 December 1946. The play became a major success in post-war Germany; one of the first post-war literary attempts to broach the issue of Nazism. It was filmed in 1955 and starred Curd Jürgens.

 
Zuckmayer in Amsterdam (1956)

Zuckmayer kept writing: Barbara Blomberg premiered in Konstanz in 1949 and Das kalte Licht in Hamburg in 1955. He also wrote the screenplay for Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach, the German-language version of Otto Preminger's 1953 film The Moon is Blue. Having shuttled back and forth between the U.S. and Europe for several years, the Zuckmayers left the U.S. in 1958 and settled in Saas Fee in the Valais in Switzerland. In 1966, he became a Swiss citizen, and published his memoirs, titled Als wär's ein Stück von mir[5] ("A part of myself"). His last play, Der Rattenfänger, (music by Friedrich Cerha) premiered in Zürich in 1975. Zuckmayer died on 18 January 1977 in Visp. His body was interred on 22 January in Saas Fee.

Zuckmayer received numerous awards during his life, such as the Goethe Prize of the city of Frankfurt in 1952, the Bundesverdienstkreuz mit Stern in 1955, the Austrian Staatspreis für Literatur in 1960, Pour le Mérite in 1967, and the Austrian Verdienstkreuz am Band in 1968.

Translations

  • The Moons Ride Over (New York, The Viking Press, 1937, Original title Salwàre oder Die Magdalena von Bozen)
  • Second Wind (London: George Harrap & Co., 1941) with an introduction by Dorothy Thompson. His first autobiographical volume, the book covered his youth, his experiences in World War I, and his flight from Austria to America after the Anschluss.
  • A Part of Myself, Portrait of an Epoch (New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1970, translated by Winston, Richard and Clara), originally Als wär's ein Stück von mir. Horen der Freundschaft, is an expanded memoir including his experiences in Vermont.
  • Des Teufels General appeared in Block, Haskell M. and Shedd, Robert G. Masters of Modern Drama (New York, Random House, 1963) translated by Ingrid G. and William F. Gilbert, and is part of The German Library.
  • The Captain of Köpenick appears in German Drama
  • A Late Friendship: The Letters of Karl Barth and Carl Zuckmayer (Grand Rapids, Michigan, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982, translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley)
  • Die Fastnachtsbeichte (Carnival Confession) published in English first, by John Geoffrey Gryles Mander and Necke Mander, in 1961 in London.[6]

Honours and awards

Selected works

Plays

  • Der fröhliche Weinberg (1925)
  • Schinderhannes (1927)
  • Katharina Knie (1928)
  • The Captain of Köpenick (1931)
  • Des Teufels General (1946)
  • Barbara Blomberg. Ein Stück in drei Akten 1949 Konstanz
  • Der Gesang im Feuerofen. Drama in drei Akten 1950 Göttingen
  • Das kalte Licht. Drama in drei Akten 1955 Hamburg
  • Die Uhr schlägt eins. Ein historisches Drama aus der Gegenwart 1961
  • Kranichtanz. Ein Akt 1967 Zürich
  • Das Leben des Horace A. W. Tabor. Ein Stück aus den Tagen der letzten Könige (Life of Horace Tabor, written 1962–1964) 1964 Zürich
  • Der Rattenfänger. Eine Fabel 1975 Zürich, later set as the opera Der Rattenfänger by Friedrich Cerha, 1987 Graz

Filmography

Screenwriter

See also

References

  1. ^ Hans Wagener (1995). Carl Zuckmayer Criticism: Tracing Endangered Fame. Camden House. p. ix. ISBN 978-1-57113-064-8.
  2. ^ Margot Finke (1990). Carl Zuckmayer's Germany. Haag + Herchen. ISBN 978-3-89228-577-9. Carl Zuckmayer Goldschmidt.
  3. ^ Mitchell, Allan. Unrepentant Patriot: The Life and Work of Carl Zuckmayer, pp. 23-24
  4. ^ Hans Wagener (1995). Carl Zuckmayer Criticism: Tracing Endangered Fame. ISBN 978-1-57113-064-8.
  5. ^ a quotation from the poem Ich hatt' einen Kameraden
  6. ^ Zuckmayer, Carl (1 August 1961). "Die Fastuachtsbeichte. Carnival Confession. Translated by John and Necke Mander". London – via Google Books.

External links

  •   Media related to Carl Zuckmayer at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Quotations related to Carl Zuckmayer at Wikiquote
  • (in German).
  • Biography in English.
  • (in German; has a bibliography and filmography).
  • Newspaper clippings about Carl Zuckmayer in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

May 04, 2023
carl, zuckmayer, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Carl Zuckmayer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article November 2022 Carl Zuckmayer 27 December 1896 18 January 1977 1 was a German writer and playwright His older brother was the pedagogue composer conductor and pianist Eduard Zuckmayer Carl ZuckmayerZuckmayer in 1920Born 1896 12 27 27 December 1896Nackenheim Rhenish Hesse GermanyDied18 January 1977 1977 01 18 aged 80 Visp Valais SwitzerlandResting placeSaas Fee Valais SwitzerlandOccupationWriterplaywrightLanguageGermanCitizenshipGermanAmericanSwissNotable awardsGoethe PrizeBundesverdienstkreuzStaatspreis fur LiteraturPour le MeriteVerdienstkreuz am Band et al Contents 1 Life and career 2 Translations 3 Honours and awards 4 Selected works 4 1 Plays 5 Filmography 5 1 Screenwriter 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksLife and career EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Carl Zuckmayer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Zuckmayer family in July 1906 from left to right Carl Sr Amalie Carl Jr Eduard Born in Nackenheim in Rhenish Hesse he was the second son of Amalie 1869 1954 nee Goldschmidt and Carl Zuckmayer de 1864 1947 2 When he was four years old his family moved to Mainz With the outbreak of World War I he like many other high school students finished Rabanus Maurus Gymnasium with a facilitated emergency Abitur and volunteered for military service During the war he served with the German Army s field artillery on the Western Front In 1917 he published his first poems in the pacifist journal Die Aktion and he was one of the signatures of the Appeal published by the Antinational Socialist Party after the German Revolution of 9 November 1918 By this time Zuckmayer held the rank of a Leutnant der Reserve Reserve Officer After the war he took up studies at the University of Frankfurt first in humanities later in biology and botany In 1920 he married his childhood friend Annemarie Ganz but they were divorced just one year later when Zuckmayer had an affair with actress Annemarie Seidel Zuckmayer s initial ventures into literature and theatre were complete failures His first drama Kreuzweg 1921 fell flat and was delisted after only three performances and when he was chosen as dramatic adviser at the theatre of Kiel he lost his new job after his first controversial staging of Terence s The Eunuch In 1924 he became a dramaturge at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin jointly with Bertolt Brecht After another failure with his second drama Pankraz erwacht oder Die Hinterwaldler he finally had a public success with the rustic comedy Der frohliche Weinberg The Merry Vineyard in 1925 written in his local Mainz Frankfurt dialect This work won him the prestigious Kleist Prize two years after it was awarded to Brecht and launched his career 3 Also in 1925 Zuckmayer married the Austrian actress Alice Herdan de and they bought a house in Henndorf near Salzburg in Austria Zuckmayer s next play Der Schinderhannes was again successful citation needed In 1929 he wrote the script for the movie Der blaue Engel starring Marlene Dietrich based on the novel Professor Unrat by Heinrich Mann That year he was also awarded the Georg Buchner Prize another prestigious German language literary award citation needed In 1931 his play Der Hauptmann von Kopenick premiered and became another success but his plays were prohibited when the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933 Zuckmayer s maternal grandfather had been born Jewish and converted to Protestantism 4 Zuckmayer and his family moved to their house in Austria where he published a few more works After the Anschluss he was expatriated by the Nazi government and the Zuckmayers fled via Switzerland to the United States in 1939 where he first worked as a script writer in Hollywood before renting Backwoods Farm near Barnard Vermont in 1941 and working there as a farmer until 1946 citation needed In 1943 44 Zuckmayer wrote character portraits of actors writers and other artists in Germany for the Office of Strategic Services evaluating their involvement with the Nazi regime This became known only in 2002 when the approximately 150 reports were published in Germany under the title Geheimreport The family s Vermont years are narrated in Alice Herdan Zuckmayer s Die Farm in den grunen Bergen The Farm in the Green Mountains a bestseller in Germany upon its 1949 publication In January 1946 after World War II Zuckmayer was granted the US citizenship he had applied for already in 1943 He returned to Germany and traveled the country for five months as a US cultural attache The resulting report to the War Department was first published in Germany in 2004 Deutschlandbericht His play Des Teufels General The Devil s General the main character is based on the biography of Ernst Udet which he had written in Vermont premiered in Zurich on 14 December 1946 The play became a major success in post war Germany one of the first post war literary attempts to broach the issue of Nazism It was filmed in 1955 and starred Curd Jurgens Zuckmayer in Amsterdam 1956 Zuckmayer kept writing Barbara Blomberg premiered in Konstanz in 1949 and Das kalte Licht in Hamburg in 1955 He also wrote the screenplay for Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach the German language version of Otto Preminger s 1953 film The Moon is Blue Having shuttled back and forth between the U S and Europe for several years the Zuckmayers left the U S in 1958 and settled in Saas Fee in the Valais in Switzerland In 1966 he became a Swiss citizen and published his memoirs titled Als war s ein Stuck von mir 5 A part of myself His last play Der Rattenfanger music by Friedrich Cerha premiered in Zurich in 1975 Zuckmayer died on 18 January 1977 in Visp His body was interred on 22 January in Saas Fee Zuckmayer received numerous awards during his life such as the Goethe Prize of the city of Frankfurt in 1952 the Bundesverdienstkreuz mit Stern in 1955 the Austrian Staatspreis fur Literatur in 1960 Pour le Merite in 1967 and the Austrian Verdienstkreuz am Band in 1968 Translations EditThe Moons Ride Over New York The Viking Press 1937 Original title Salware oder Die Magdalena von Bozen Second Wind London George Harrap amp Co 1941 with an introduction by Dorothy Thompson His first autobiographical volume the book covered his youth his experiences in World War I and his flight from Austria to America after the Anschluss A Part of Myself Portrait of an Epoch New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc 1970 translated by Winston Richard and Clara originally Als war s ein Stuck von mir Horen der Freundschaft is an expanded memoir including his experiences in Vermont Des Teufels General appeared in Block Haskell M and Shedd Robert G Masters of Modern Drama New York Random House 1963 translated by Ingrid G and William F Gilbert and is part of The German Library The Captain of Kopenick appears in German Drama A Late Friendship The Letters of Karl Barth and Carl Zuckmayer Grand Rapids Michigan William B Eerdmans Publishing Company 1982 translated by Geoffrey W Bromiley Die Fastnachtsbeichte Carnival Confession published in English first by John Geoffrey Gryles Mander and Necke Mander in 1961 in London 6 Honours and awards Edit1925 Kleist Prize 1929 Georg Buchner Prize 1952 Goethe Prize of the city of Frankfurt am Main 1952 Honorary Citizenship of his birthplace Nackenheim 1953 Medal of the city of Gottingen 1955 Knight Commander s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Grosses Verdienstkreuz mit Stern 1955 German wine culture prize de 1957 Honorary doctorate from the University of Bonn 1960 Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature 1961 Honorary Citizenship of Saas Fee 1962 Honorary Citizenship of Mainz 1967 Freeman of the Heidelberg University 1967 Pour le Merite for Sciences and Arts 1968 Austrian Decoration for Science and Art 1971 Honorary Ring of Vienna de 1972 Heinrich Heine Prize of the city of Dusseldorf 1975 Ring of SalzburgSelected works EditPlays Edit Der frohliche Weinberg 1925 Schinderhannes 1927 Katharina Knie 1928 The Captain of Kopenick 1931 Des Teufels General 1946 Barbara Blomberg Ein Stuck in drei Akten 1949 Konstanz Der Gesang im Feuerofen Drama in drei Akten 1950 Gottingen Das kalte Licht Drama in drei Akten 1955 Hamburg Die Uhr schlagt eins Ein historisches Drama aus der Gegenwart 1961 Kranichtanz Ein Akt 1967 Zurich Das Leben des Horace A W Tabor Ein Stuck aus den Tagen der letzten Konige Life of Horace Tabor written 1962 1964 1964 Zurich Der Rattenfanger Eine Fabel 1975 Zurich later set as the opera Der Rattenfanger by Friedrich Cerha 1987 GrazFilmography EditThe Merry Vineyard directed by Jacob Fleck and Luise Fleck 1927 based on the play Der frohliche Weinberg The Prince of Rogues directed by Curtis Bernhardt 1928 based on the play Schinderhannes Katharina Knie directed by Karl Grune 1929 based on the play Katharina Knie The Captain from Kopenick directed by Richard Oswald 1931 based on the play The Captain of Kopenick Menschen die voruberziehen de directed by Max Haufler 1942 based on the play Katharina Knie The Captain from Kopenick directed by Richard Oswald 1945 based on the play The Captain of Kopenick After the Storm directed by Gustav Ucicky 1948 based on the stort story Nach dem Sturm Der Seelenbrau de directed by Gustav Ucicky 1950 based on the stort story Der Seelenbrau The Merry Vineyard directed by Erich Engel 1952 based on the play Der frohliche Weinberg A Love Story directed by Rudolf Jugert 1954 based on the stort story Eine Liebesgeschichte Herr uber Leben und Tod de directed by Victor Vicas 1955 based on the novel Herr uber Leben und Tod Des Teufels General directed by Helmut Kautner 1955 based on the play Des Teufels General The Girl from Flanders directed by Helmut Kautner 1956 based on the play Engele von Loewen The Captain from Kopenick directed by Helmut Kautner 1956 based on the play The Captain of Kopenick Frauensee directed by Rudolf Jugert 1958 based on the stort story Ein Sommer in Osterreich Der Schinderhannes directed by Helmut Kautner 1958 based on the play Schinderhannes Carnival Confession directed by William Dieterle 1960 based on the novel Die Fastnachtsbeichte Der Hauptmann von Kopenick directed by Frank Beyer TV film 1997 based on the play The Captain of Kopenick Screenwriter Edit 1926 Torments of the Night dir Curtis Bernhardt 1930 The Blue Angel dir Josef von Sternberg based on Professor Unrat by Heinrich Mann 1931 Salto Mortale dir E A Dupont based on a novel by Alfred Machard fr 1936 Rembrandt dir Alexander Korda 1939 Boefje dir Douglas Sirk based on a children s book by Marie Joseph Brusse nl 1940 Sarajevo dir Max Ophuls 1953 Die Jungfrau auf dem Dach dir Otto Preminger based on a play by F Hugh HerbertSee also EditCarl Zuckmayer Medal 8058 Zuckmayer asteroid named for the writerReferences Edit Hans Wagener 1995 Carl Zuckmayer Criticism Tracing Endangered Fame Camden House p ix ISBN 978 1 57113 064 8 Margot Finke 1990 Carl Zuckmayer s Germany Haag Herchen ISBN 978 3 89228 577 9 Carl Zuckmayer Goldschmidt Mitchell Allan Unrepentant Patriot The Life and Work of Carl Zuckmayer pp 23 24 Hans Wagener 1995 Carl Zuckmayer Criticism Tracing Endangered Fame ISBN 978 1 57113 064 8 a quotation from the poem Ich hatt einen Kameraden Zuckmayer Carl 1 August 1961 Die Fastuachtsbeichte Carnival Confession Translated by John and Necke Mander London via Google Books External links Edit Media related to Carl Zuckmayer at Wikimedia Commons Quotations related to Carl Zuckmayer at Wikiquote Tabular biography in German Biography in English German Carl Zuckmayer Society in German has a bibliography and filmography Newspaper clippings about Carl Zuckmayer in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carl Zuckmayer amp oldid 1120842780, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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