fbpx
Wikipedia

Buxbaumia

January 01, 1970

For the bryological journal, see Buxbaumia (journal).

Buxbaumia (bug moss, bug-on-a-stick, humpbacked elves, or elf-cap moss)[2] is a genus of twelve species of moss (Bryophyta). It was first named in 1742 by Albrecht von Haller and later brought into modern botanical nomenclature in 1801 by Johann Hedwig[3] to commemorate Johann Christian Buxbaum, a German physician and botanist who discovered the moss in 1712 at the mouth of the Volga River.[2] The moss is microscopic for most of its existence, and plants are noticeable only after they begin to produce their reproductive structures. The asymmetrical spore capsule has a distinctive shape and structure, some features of which appear to be transitional from those in primitive mosses to most modern mosses.

Buxbaumia
Buxbaumia viridis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Bryophyta
Class: Bryopsida
Subclass: Buxbaumiidae
Doweld
Order: Buxbaumiales
M.Fleisch.
Family: Buxbaumiaceae
Schimp.
Genus: Buxbaumia
Hedw., 1801[1]
Type species
Buxbaumia aphylla
Hedw.
Species

See Classification

Description edit

Plants of Buxbaumia have a much reduced gametophyte, bearing a sporophyte that is enormous by comparison.[4] In most mosses, the gametophyte stage of the life cycle is both green and leafy, and is substantially larger than the spore-producing stage. Unlike these other mosses, the gametophyte of Buxbaumia is microscopic, colorless, stemless, and nearly leafless.[5][6] It consists exclusively of thread-like protonemata for most of its existence, resembling a thin green-black felt on the surface where it grows.[7] The plants are dioicous, with separate plants producing the male and female organs.[8] Male plants develop only one microscopic leaf around each antheridium,[2][5] and female plants produce just three or four tiny colorless leaves around each archegonium.[3]

Because of its small size, the gametophyte stage is not generally noticed until the stalked sporangium develops, and is locatable principally because the sporangium grows upon and above the tiny gametophyte.[6] The extremely reduced state of Buxbaumia plants raises the question of how it makes or obtains sufficient nutrition for survival. In contrast to most mosses, Buxbaumia does not produce abundant chlorophyll and is saprophytic.[5] It is possible that some of its nutritional needs are met by fungi that grow within the plant.[3] However, a recent study of the chloroplast genome in Buxbaumia[9] failed to find any reduction in selective pressure on photosynthetic genes, suggesting that they are fully functional in photosynthesis, and that the moss is not mycoheterotrophic. This is also consistent with a lack of association between its rhizoids and nearby hyphae of soil fungi.[10]

The sporophyte at maturity is between 4 and 11 mm tall.[2] The spore capsule is attached at the top of the stalk and is distinctive,[6] being asymmetric in shape and oblique in attachment.[11] As with most other Bryopsida, the opening through which the spores are released is surrounded by a double peristome (diplolepidious) formed from the cell walls of disintegrated cells.[12] The exostome (outer row) consists of 16 short articulated "teeth". Unlike most other mosses, the endostome (inner row) does not divide into teeth, but rather is a continuous pleated membrane around the capsule opening.[13] Only the genus Diphyscium has a similar peristome structure, although that genus has only 16 pleats in its endostome, in contrast to the 32 pleats in Buxbaumia.[3][12] Diphyscium shares with Buxbaumia one other oddity of the sporophyte; the foot (stalk base) ramifies as a result of outgrowths, so much so that they may be mistaken for rhizoids.[14]

Distribution and ecology edit

 
Sporophytes of Buxbaumia aphylla growing among other mosses. None of the visible leaves belong to Buxbaumia, which is a stemless and nearly leafless plant.

Species of Buxbaumia may be found across much of the temperate to subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, as well as cooler regions of Australia and New Zealand.[6][8][15][16]

The moss is an annual or biennial plant and grows in disturbed habitats or as a pioneer species.[8][17] The plants grow on decaying wood, rock outcrops, or directly on the soil.[6][7] They do not grow regularly or reliably at given locations, and frequently disappear from places where they have previously been found.[7] Sporophyte stages begin their development in the autumn, and are green through the winter months.[7] Spores are mature and ready for dispersal by the late spring or early summer.[6][8] The spores are ejected from the capsule in puffs when raindrops fall upon the capsule's flattened top.[8]

The asymmetric sporophytes of Buxbaumia aphylla develop so that the opening is oriented towards the strongest source of light, usually towards the south.[8] The species often grows together with the diminutive liverwort Cephaloziella, which forms a blackish crust that is easier to spot than Buxbaumia itself.[8]

Classification edit

Buxbaumia is the only genus in the family Buxbaumiaceae, the order Buxbaumiales, and the subclass Buxbaumiidae.[18] It is the sister group to all other members of class Bryopsida.[19][20] Some older classifications included the Diphysciaceae within the Buxbaumiales (or as part of the Buxbaumiaceae) because of similarities in the peristome structure,[3][12] or placed the Buxbaumiaceae in the Tetraphidales.[21] However, recent phylogenetic studies based on genomic and transcriptomic data[22][23] clearly support it as the sister group of all other Bryopsida.

The genus Buxbaumia includes twelve species:

genus Buxbaumia
Buxbaumia aphylla
Buxbaumia colyerae
Buxbaumia himalayensis
Buxbaumia javanica
Buxbaumia minakatae
Buxbaumia novae-zelandiae
Buxbaumia piperi
Buxbaumia punctata
Buxbaumia symmetrica
Buxbaumia tasmanica
Buxbaumia thorsborneae
Buxbaumia viridis
The species and phylogenetic position of Buxbaumia.[18][20]

Because of the simplicity of its structure, Goebel interpreted Buxbaumia as a primitive moss, transitional between the algae and mosses,[5] but subsequent research suggests that it is a secondarily reduced form.[8][20] The unusual peristome in Buxbaumia is now thought to be a transitional form between the nematodontous (cellular teeth) peristome of the Polytrichopsida and the arthrodontous (cell wall teeth) peristome of the Bryopsida.[20]

References edit

  1. ^ Hedwig, Johann (1801). Species Muscorum frondosorum descriptae et tabulis aeneis lxxvii. Leipzig. p. 166.
  2. ^ a b c d Bold, Harold C.; Constantine J. Alexopoulos; Theodore Delevoryas (1987). Morphology of Plants and Fungi (5th ed.). New York: Harper & Row. pp. 270, 303. ISBN 0-06-040839-1.
  3. ^ a b c d e Schofield, W. B. (1985). Introduction to Bryology. New York: Macmillan. pp. 74–83, 404, 411. ISBN 0-02-949660-8.
  4. ^ Porley, Ron; Nick Hodgetts (2005). Mosses and Liverworts. London: Collins. p. 13. ISBN 0-00-220212-3.
  5. ^ a b c d Campbell, Douglas H. (1918). The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns (3rd ed.). London: The Macmillan Co. pp. 8, 160–166, 220, 225–226.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Schofield, W. B. (2007). "Buxbaumiaceae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America. Vol. 27. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 118–120. ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4.
  7. ^ a b c d Marshall, Nina L. (1907). Mosses and Lichens. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. pp. 57, 260–262.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Crum, Howard A.; Lewis E. Anderson (1980). Mosses of Eastern North America. Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 1231, 1234–1236. ISBN 0-231-04516-6.
  9. ^ Bell, David; Lin, Qianshi; Gerelle, Wesley K.; Joya, Steve; Chang, Ying; Taylor, Z. Nathan; Rothfels, Carl J.; Larsson, Anders; Villarreal, Juan Carlos; Li, Fay-Wei; Pokorny, Lisa; Szövényi, Péter; Crandall-Stotler, Barbara; DeGironimo, Lisa; Floyd, Sandra K.; Beerling, David J.; Deyholos, Michael K.; von Konrat, Matt; Ellis, Shona; Shaw, A. Jonathan; Chen, Tao; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Palmer, Jeffrey D.; Graham, Sean W. (8 December 2019). "Organellomic data sets confirm a cryptic consensus on (unrooted) land-plant relationships and provide new insights into bryophyte molecular evolution". American Journal of Botany. 107 (1): 91–115. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1397. PMID 31814117. S2CID 208956105.
  10. ^ Duckett, Jeffrey D.; et al. (2004). "In vitro cultivation of bryophytes: a review of practicalities, problems, progress and promise". Journal of Bryology. 26 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1179/174328213X13789822578469 (inactive 31 January 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  11. ^ Conard, Henry S.; Paul L. Redfearn Jr. (1979). How to know the mosses and liverworts (2nd ed.). Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown. p. 222. ISBN 0-697-04768-7.
  12. ^ a b c Vitt, Dale H. (1984). "Classification of the Bryopsida". In R. M. Schuster (ed.). New Manual of Bryology. Vol. 2. Tokyo: The Hattori Botanical Laboratory. pp. 696–759. ISBN 49381633045.
  13. ^ Edwards, S. R. (1984). "Homologies and Inter-relationships of Moss Peristomes". In R. M. Schuster (ed.). New Manual of Bryology. Vol. 2. Tokyo: The Hattori Botanical Laboratory. pp. 658–695. ISBN 49381633045.
  14. ^ Chopra, R. N.; P. K. Kumra (1988). Biology of Bryophytes. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 167. ISBN 0-470-21359-0.
  15. ^ Tan, Benito C.; Tamás Pócs (2000). "Bryogeography and conservation of bryophytes". In A. Jonathan Shaw; Bernard Goffinet (eds.). Bryophyte Biology (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 403–448. ISBN 0-521-66097-1.
  16. ^ Stone, I. G. (1983). "Buxbaumia in Australia, including one new species, B. thornsborneae". Journal of Bryology. 12 (4): 541–552. Bibcode:1983JBryo..12..541S. doi:10.1179/jbr.1983.12.4.541.
  17. ^ Sullivant, William S. (1856). "The Musci and Hepaticae of the U. S. east of the Mississippi River". In Asa Gray (ed.). Manual of Botany (2nd ed.). New York: George P. Putnam & Co. pp. 639–640.
  18. ^ a b Goffinet, B.; W. R. Buck; A. J. Shaw (2008). "Morphology and Classification of the Bryophyta". In Bernard Goffinet; A. Jonathan Shaw (eds.). Bryophyte Biology (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 55–138. ISBN 978-0-521-87225-6.
  19. ^ Mishler, B. D.; S. P. Churchill (1984). "A cladistic approach to the phylogeny of the "bryophytes"". Brittonia. 36 (4). New York Botanical Garden Press: 406–424. Bibcode:1984Britt..36..406M. doi:10.2307/2806602. JSTOR 2806602. S2CID 85185192.
  20. ^ a b c d Goffinet, Bernard; William R. Buck (2004). "Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification". Monographs in Systematic Botany. Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes. 98. Missouri Botanical Garden Press: 205–239. ISBN 1-930723-38-5.
  21. ^ Buck, William R.; Bernard Goffinet (2000). "Morphology and classification of mosses". In A. Jonathan Shaw; Bernard Goffinet (eds.). Bryophyte Biology (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 71–123. ISBN 0-521-66097-1.
  22. ^ Bell, David; Lin, Qianshi; Gerelle, Wesley K.; Joya, Steve; Chang, Ying; Taylor, Z. Nathan; Rothfels, Carl J.; Larsson, Anders; Villarreal, Juan Carlos; Li, Fay-Wei; Pokorny, Lisa; Szövényi, Péter; Crandall-Stotler, Barbara; DeGironimo, Lisa; Floyd, Sandra K.; Beerling, David J.; Deyholos, Michael K.; Konrat, Matt; Ellis, Shona; Shaw, A. Jonathan; Chen, Tao; Wong, Gane K.-S.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; Palmer, Jeffrey D.; Graham, Sean W. (2019-12-08). "Organellomic data sets confirm a cryptic consensus on (unrooted) land-plant relationships and provide new insights into bryophyte molecular evolution". American Journal of Botany. 107 (1). Wiley: 91–115. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1397. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 31814117. S2CID 208956105.
  23. ^ One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative (2019). "One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants". Nature. 574 (7780). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 679–685. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1693-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 6872490. PMID 31645766.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buxbaumia.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Buxbaumia.
  • W. B. Schofield. 2004. Bryophyte Flora of North America: Buxbaumiaceae

January 01, 1970
buxbaumia, bryological, journal, journal, moss, stick, humpbacked, elves, moss, genus, twelve, species, moss, bryophyta, first, named, 1742, albrecht, haller, later, brought, into, modern, botanical, nomenclature, 1801, johann, hedwig, commemorate, johann, chr. For the bryological journal see Buxbaumia journal Buxbaumia bug moss bug on a stick humpbacked elves or elf cap moss 2 is a genus of twelve species of moss Bryophyta It was first named in 1742 by Albrecht von Haller and later brought into modern botanical nomenclature in 1801 by Johann Hedwig 3 to commemorate Johann Christian Buxbaum a German physician and botanist who discovered the moss in 1712 at the mouth of the Volga River 2 The moss is microscopic for most of its existence and plants are noticeable only after they begin to produce their reproductive structures The asymmetrical spore capsule has a distinctive shape and structure some features of which appear to be transitional from those in primitive mosses to most modern mosses Buxbaumia Buxbaumia viridis Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Division Bryophyta Class Bryopsida Subclass BuxbaumiidaeDoweld Order BuxbaumialesM Fleisch Family BuxbaumiaceaeSchimp Genus BuxbaumiaHedw 1801 1 Type species Buxbaumia aphyllaHedw Species See Classification Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and ecology 3 Classification 4 References 5 External linksDescription editPlants of Buxbaumia have a much reduced gametophyte bearing a sporophyte that is enormous by comparison 4 In most mosses the gametophyte stage of the life cycle is both green and leafy and is substantially larger than the spore producing stage Unlike these other mosses the gametophyte of Buxbaumia is microscopic colorless stemless and nearly leafless 5 6 It consists exclusively of thread like protonemata for most of its existence resembling a thin green black felt on the surface where it grows 7 The plants are dioicous with separate plants producing the male and female organs 8 Male plants develop only one microscopic leaf around each antheridium 2 5 and female plants produce just three or four tiny colorless leaves around each archegonium 3 Because of its small size the gametophyte stage is not generally noticed until the stalked sporangium develops and is locatable principally because the sporangium grows upon and above the tiny gametophyte 6 The extremely reduced state of Buxbaumia plants raises the question of how it makes or obtains sufficient nutrition for survival In contrast to most mosses Buxbaumia does not produce abundant chlorophyll and is saprophytic 5 It is possible that some of its nutritional needs are met by fungi that grow within the plant 3 However a recent study of the chloroplast genome in Buxbaumia 9 failed to find any reduction in selective pressure on photosynthetic genes suggesting that they are fully functional in photosynthesis and that the moss is not mycoheterotrophic This is also consistent with a lack of association between its rhizoids and nearby hyphae of soil fungi 10 The sporophyte at maturity is between 4 and 11 mm tall 2 The spore capsule is attached at the top of the stalk and is distinctive 6 being asymmetric in shape and oblique in attachment 11 As with most other Bryopsida the opening through which the spores are released is surrounded by a double peristome diplolepidious formed from the cell walls of disintegrated cells 12 The exostome outer row consists of 16 short articulated teeth Unlike most other mosses the endostome inner row does not divide into teeth but rather is a continuous pleated membrane around the capsule opening 13 Only the genus Diphyscium has a similar peristome structure although that genus has only 16 pleats in its endostome in contrast to the 32 pleats in Buxbaumia 3 12 Diphyscium shares with Buxbaumia one other oddity of the sporophyte the foot stalk base ramifies as a result of outgrowths so much so that they may be mistaken for rhizoids 14 Distribution and ecology edit nbsp Sporophytes of Buxbaumia aphylla growing among other mosses None of the visible leaves belong to Buxbaumia which is a stemless and nearly leafless plant Species of Buxbaumia may be found across much of the temperate to subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere as well as cooler regions of Australia and New Zealand 6 8 15 16 The moss is an annual or biennial plant and grows in disturbed habitats or as a pioneer species 8 17 The plants grow on decaying wood rock outcrops or directly on the soil 6 7 They do not grow regularly or reliably at given locations and frequently disappear from places where they have previously been found 7 Sporophyte stages begin their development in the autumn and are green through the winter months 7 Spores are mature and ready for dispersal by the late spring or early summer 6 8 The spores are ejected from the capsule in puffs when raindrops fall upon the capsule s flattened top 8 The asymmetric sporophytes of Buxbaumia aphylla develop so that the opening is oriented towards the strongest source of light usually towards the south 8 The species often grows together with the diminutive liverwort Cephaloziella which forms a blackish crust that is easier to spot than Buxbaumia itself 8 Classification editBuxbaumia is the only genus in the family Buxbaumiaceae the order Buxbaumiales and the subclass Buxbaumiidae 18 It is the sister group to all other members of class Bryopsida 19 20 Some older classifications included the Diphysciaceae within the Buxbaumiales or as part of the Buxbaumiaceae because of similarities in the peristome structure 3 12 or placed the Buxbaumiaceae in the Tetraphidales 21 However recent phylogenetic studies based on genomic and transcriptomic data 22 23 clearly support it as the sister group of all other Bryopsida The genus Buxbaumia includes twelve species genus Buxbaumia Buxbaumia aphylla Buxbaumia colyerae Buxbaumia himalayensis Buxbaumia javanica Buxbaumia minakatae Buxbaumia novae zelandiae Buxbaumia piperi Buxbaumia punctata Buxbaumia symmetrica Buxbaumia tasmanica Buxbaumia thorsborneae Buxbaumia viridis Oedipodiopsida Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida Buxbaumia Diphysciidae Timmiidae Funariidae Dicranidae Bryidae The species and phylogenetic position of Buxbaumia 18 20 Because of the simplicity of its structure Goebel interpreted Buxbaumia as a primitive moss transitional between the algae and mosses 5 but subsequent research suggests that it is a secondarily reduced form 8 20 The unusual peristome in Buxbaumia is now thought to be a transitional form between the nematodontous cellular teeth peristome of the Polytrichopsida and the arthrodontous cell wall teeth peristome of the Bryopsida 20 References edit Hedwig Johann 1801 Species Muscorum frondosorum descriptae et tabulis aeneis lxxvii Leipzig p 166 a b c d Bold Harold C Constantine J Alexopoulos Theodore Delevoryas 1987 Morphology of Plants and Fungi 5th ed New York Harper amp Row pp 270 303 ISBN 0 06 040839 1 a b c d e Schofield W B 1985 Introduction to Bryology New York Macmillan pp 74 83 404 411 ISBN 0 02 949660 8 Porley Ron Nick Hodgetts 2005 Mosses and Liverworts London Collins p 13 ISBN 0 00 220212 3 a b c d Campbell Douglas H 1918 The Structure and Development of Mosses and Ferns 3rd ed London The Macmillan Co pp 8 160 166 220 225 226 a b c d e f Schofield W B 2007 Buxbaumiaceae In Flora of North America Editorial Committee ed Flora of North America Vol 27 New York amp Oxford Oxford University Press pp 118 120 ISBN 978 0 19 531823 4 a b c d Marshall Nina L 1907 Mosses and Lichens New York Doubleday Page amp Company pp 57 260 262 a b c d e f g h Crum Howard A Lewis E Anderson 1980 Mosses of Eastern North America Vol 2 New York Columbia University Press pp 1231 1234 1236 ISBN 0 231 04516 6 Bell David Lin Qianshi Gerelle Wesley K Joya Steve Chang Ying Taylor Z Nathan Rothfels Carl J Larsson Anders Villarreal Juan Carlos Li Fay Wei Pokorny Lisa Szovenyi Peter Crandall Stotler Barbara DeGironimo Lisa Floyd Sandra K Beerling David J Deyholos Michael K von Konrat Matt Ellis Shona Shaw A Jonathan Chen Tao Wong Gane K S Stevenson Dennis W Palmer Jeffrey D Graham Sean W 8 December 2019 Organellomic data sets confirm a cryptic consensus on unrooted land plant relationships and provide new insights into bryophyte molecular evolution American Journal of Botany 107 1 91 115 doi 10 1002 ajb2 1397 PMID 31814117 S2CID 208956105 Duckett Jeffrey D et al 2004 In vitro cultivation of bryophytes a review of practicalities problems progress and promise Journal of Bryology 26 1 3 20 doi 10 1179 174328213X13789822578469 inactive 31 January 2024 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of January 2024 link Conard Henry S Paul L Redfearn Jr 1979 How to know the mosses and liverworts 2nd ed Dubuque IA Wm C Brown p 222 ISBN 0 697 04768 7 a b c Vitt Dale H 1984 Classification of the Bryopsida In R M Schuster ed New Manual of Bryology Vol 2 Tokyo The Hattori Botanical Laboratory pp 696 759 ISBN 49381633045 Edwards S R 1984 Homologies and Inter relationships of Moss Peristomes In R M Schuster ed New Manual of Bryology Vol 2 Tokyo The Hattori Botanical Laboratory pp 658 695 ISBN 49381633045 Chopra R N P K Kumra 1988 Biology of Bryophytes New York John Wiley amp Sons p 167 ISBN 0 470 21359 0 Tan Benito C Tamas Pocs 2000 Bryogeography and conservation of bryophytes In A Jonathan Shaw Bernard Goffinet eds Bryophyte Biology 1st ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 403 448 ISBN 0 521 66097 1 Stone I G 1983 Buxbaumia in Australia including one new species B thornsborneae Journal of Bryology 12 4 541 552 Bibcode 1983JBryo 12 541S doi 10 1179 jbr 1983 12 4 541 Sullivant William S 1856 The Musci and Hepaticae of the U S east of the Mississippi River In Asa Gray ed Manual of Botany 2nd ed New York George P Putnam amp Co pp 639 640 a b Goffinet B W R Buck A J Shaw 2008 Morphology and Classification of the Bryophyta In Bernard Goffinet A Jonathan Shaw eds Bryophyte Biology 2nd ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 55 138 ISBN 978 0 521 87225 6 Mishler B D S P Churchill 1984 A cladistic approach to the phylogeny of the bryophytes Brittonia 36 4 New York Botanical Garden Press 406 424 Bibcode 1984Britt 36 406M doi 10 2307 2806602 JSTOR 2806602 S2CID 85185192 a b c d Goffinet Bernard William R Buck 2004 Systematics of the Bryophyta Mosses From molecules to a revised classification Monographs in Systematic Botany Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes 98 Missouri Botanical Garden Press 205 239 ISBN 1 930723 38 5 Buck William R Bernard Goffinet 2000 Morphology and classification of mosses In A Jonathan Shaw Bernard Goffinet eds Bryophyte Biology 1st ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 71 123 ISBN 0 521 66097 1 Bell David Lin Qianshi Gerelle Wesley K Joya Steve Chang Ying Taylor Z Nathan Rothfels Carl J Larsson Anders Villarreal Juan Carlos Li Fay Wei Pokorny Lisa Szovenyi Peter Crandall Stotler Barbara DeGironimo Lisa Floyd Sandra K Beerling David J Deyholos Michael K Konrat Matt Ellis Shona Shaw A Jonathan Chen Tao Wong Gane K S Stevenson Dennis W Palmer Jeffrey D Graham Sean W 2019 12 08 Organellomic data sets confirm a cryptic consensus on unrooted land plant relationships and provide new insights into bryophyte molecular evolution American Journal of Botany 107 1 Wiley 91 115 doi 10 1002 ajb2 1397 ISSN 0002 9122 PMID 31814117 S2CID 208956105 One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative 2019 One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants Nature 574 7780 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 679 685 doi 10 1038 s41586 019 1693 2 ISSN 0028 0836 PMC 6872490 PMID 31645766 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buxbaumia nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Buxbaumia W B Schofield 2004 Bryophyte Flora of North America Buxbaumiaceae Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Buxbaumia amp oldid 1216887186, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.