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Bush ballad

March 04, 2023

The bush ballad, bush song or bush poem is a style of poetry and folk music that depicts the life, character and scenery of the Australian bush. The typical bush ballad employs a straightforward rhyme structure to narrate a story, often one of action and adventure, and uses language that is colourful, colloquial and idiomatically Australian. Bush ballads range in tone from humorous to melancholic, and many explore themes of Australian folklore, including bushranging, droving, droughts, floods, life on the frontier, and relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Cover of Old Bush Songs (1905), Banjo Paterson's seminal collection of bush ballads

The tradition dates back to the beginnings of European settlement when colonists, mostly British and Irish, brought with them the folk music of their homelands. Many early bush poems originated in Australia's convict system, and were transmitted orally rather than in print. It evolved into a unique style over the ensuing decades, attaining widespread popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when it was thought by many Australians to convey "an authentic expression of the national spirit".[1] Through bush poetry, publications like The Bulletin sought to define and promote mateship, egalitarianism, anti-authoritarianism and a concern for the "battler" as quintessential Australian values.

Though the style has since declined in popularity, works from the period leading up to Federation remain among the best-known and loved poems in Australia, and "bush bards" such as Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson are regarded as giants of Australian literature. Clubs and festivals devoted to bush poetry can be found throughout the country, and the tradition lives on in Australian country music.

Characteristics

The songs tell personal stories of life in the wide open country of Australia. Typical subjects include mining, raising and droving cattle, sheep shearing, wanderings, war stories, the 1891 Australian shearers' strike, class conflicts between the landless working class and the squatters (landowners), and bushrangers such as Ned Kelly, as well as love interests and more modern fare such as trucking.

Although not technically bush ballads, there are also numerous sea shanties formerly sung by whalers and other sailors, as well as songs about the voyage made by convicts and other immigrants from England to Australia, which are sung in a similar style.

While subject matter may be constant, musical styles differ between traditional and contemporary bush ballads. Exemplars of the traditional bush ballad style include Slim Dusty's When the Rain Tumbles Down in July or Leave Him in the Long yard which have strong narrative in verses plus choruses set to a Pick n' Strum beat. Contemporary bush ballads may employ finger picking and strumming rock styles.[2]

History

 
First page of "The Dying Stockman," a bush ballad published in Banjo Paterson's 1905 collection The Old Bush Songs

Australia's musical traditions include the English, Scottish, and Irish folk songs of the convicts, as well as the work of pastoral poets of the 1880s.[3][4] There was also a hymn singing tradition brought by missionaries in the 19th century.[5] and the convict songs of those incarcerated on the island. The represent attempts to European cultural forms to the Australian environment.[4]

The distinctive themes and origins of Australia's bush music can be traced to the songs sung by the convicts who were sent to Australia during the early period of the British colonisation, beginning in 1788. Early Australian ballads sing of the harsh ways of life of the epoch and of such people and events as bushrangers, swagmen, drovers, stockmen and shearers. Convict and bushranger verses often railed against government tyranny. Classic bush songs on such themes include: The Wild Colonial Boy, Click Go The Shears, The Eumeralla Shore, The Drover's Dream, The Queensland Drover, The Dying Stockman and Moreton Bay.[6]

Later themes which endure to the present include the experiences of war, of droughts and flooding rains, of Aboriginality and of the railways and trucking routes which link Australia's vast distances. Isolation and loneliness of life in the Australian bush has been another theme. For much of its history, Australia's bush music belonged to an oral and folkloric tradition, and was only later published in print in volumes such as Banjo Paterson's Old Bush Songs, in the 1890s.

The songs often discuss the hardscrabble life and struggles of the Aussie battler. The songs are often ironic and humorous as with Paterson's Beautiful Land of Australia chorus: "Illawarra, Mittagong, Parramatta, Wollongong. If you wish to become an ourang-outang, Then go to the bush of Australia."

The lyrics for "Waltzing Matilda", often regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem, were also composed by Paterson in 1895. This strain of Australian country music, with lyrics focusing on strictly Australian subjects, is generally known as "bush music" or "bush band music".[6]

The ballad genre continued in Australia after popular music took hold in Great Britain. "The oral ballad tradition centered on rural areas had been dying out in England for a generation as a consequence of the land clearances, industrialisation and urbanisation, found a new lease of life in the Australian bush, and one suspects that these traditional and reworked ballads were also sung in the early "free and easys." While popular music in England had begun to develop in the working-class music halls during the 1830s and 1840s, the spread of popular music in Australia was still in its infancy."[7]

The diversity in Australia has increased, but even in the 1920s Poncie Cubillo introduced the rondalla with their Filipino string band in Darwin.[5][8] The ballad tradition has grown to include some of these influences including Chinese and Filipino.[5] There were also the de Bortoli family, in Texas, Queensland, Italians who grew tobacco, adding to the amalgam of folk tunes and Tex Morton hillbilly tunes.[5] Morton, a country music singer originally from New Zealand, released a number of Australian-themed 78s between 1936 and 1943 (including "Dying Duffer's Prayer," "Murrumbridgee Jack," "Billy Brink The Shearer," "Stockman's Last Bed," "Wrap Me Up in My Stockwhip and Blanket," "Rocky Ned (The Outlaw)," and "Ned Kelly Song"), which can be considered to have been inspired by the bush ballad tradition. However, Morton sang without an Australian accent and his yodeling style was closer to that of the American singer Jimmie Rodgers than earlier Australian folk singers.

Later influences from American cowboy and country songs and 1950s rock 'n' roll led to the performance of bush ballads being influenced by and combined with these forms.[3] With the advance of technology and mass communications, the bush ballads were joined on the modern Australian music scene by rockabilly, country music, blues, Texas swing, bluegrass, trail songs, and country pop.[3]

Country and folk artists including Slim Dusty, Stan Coster, Rolf Harris, The Bushwackers, John Williamson, Graeme Connors and John Schumann of the band Redgum have continued to record and popularise the old bush ballads of Australia through the 20th and into the 21st century, and contemporary artists including Sara Storer and Lee Kernaghan draw heavily on this heritage.

Ashley Cook, a contemporary balladeer, sings about topics relevant to life in agriculture and mining work in Australia's outback: Cattle, Dust and Leather and Blue Queensland Dogs. His song "Road to Kakadu" laments the slaughter of water buffalo in Northern Territory in the 1990s to control the Brucellosis disease.[9] Beneath the Queensland Moon covers the life and death as a drover.

Public perceptions

The genre is sometimes represented[vague] as unsophisticated, partially due to clichéd images and stereotypes.[10]

The genre has been influential and inspirational in theater and movies.[11][12] Since the mid-20th century, bush songs have often been performed by bush bands, such as The Bandicoots or Franklyn B Paverty.[13] Female bush balladeers have also been studied.[14]

A number of awards have been set up to recognize bush balladeers.[15] Jeff Brown was nominated for a Golden Guitar Award in the Bush Ballad of the Year category for a song he recorded In the wings of the yard in 2008.[16] Past winners of the Country Music Awards Australia Bush Ballad of the Year include Anne Kirkpatrick and Joy McKean. The Stan Coster Memorial Bush Ballad Award is presented in several categories. 2007 winners included Reg Poole for male vocalist of the year for 'A Tribute To Slim', Graham Rodger for Songwriter of the Year 'The Battle of Long Tan', and Dean Perrett[17] for Album of the Year 'New Tradition'[18] The publishers of the Balladeers Bulletin magazine also hold a "Bush Balladeer Starquest" competition.[19] At the 2008 36th Country Music Awards of Australia held in Tamworth, Amos Morris became the youngest artist ever to win the Golden Guitar trophy for the Bush Ballad of the Year category with Sign of the Times. [20]

Examples

Some examples of popular bush ballad poems and songs include:[21]

Traditional:

The Bush Bards:

Modern writers and singers:

Bush balladeers

 
Adam Gordon
 
Henry Lawson
 
Banjo Paterson

Collectors of bush songs

In other languages

See also

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bush ballads.

References

  1. ^ Bush ballads, Australian Poetry Library. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  2. ^ "The Australian Bush Balladeers Association". Bushballadeers.com.au. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  3. ^ a b c Heart of Country 19 February 2002 Australian Broadcasting Corporation http://www.abc.net.au/tv/documentaries/stories/s454792.htm
  4. ^ a b Sydney by Sally O'Brien page 24 Lonely planet guidebook https://books.google.com/books?id=dnUYVikeJwYC&pg=PA24&dq=bush+songs#PPA24,M1
  5. ^ a b c d Kerry O'Brien 10 December 2003 7:30 Report http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2003/s1007523.htm 10 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b . Cultureandrecreation.gov.au. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  7. ^ Producing an Australian popular music: from Stephen Foster to Jack O'Hagan Stratton, Jon 1 January 2007 Journal of Australian Studies
  8. ^ "...he had established the first band of any note in Darwin the Cubillo Brothers...Mixed Relations By Regina Ganter, Julia Martinez, Martínez Fernández, p. 43 https://books.google.com/books?id=e2CEwLi684wC&pg=RA1-PA44&dq=Poncie+cubillo#PRA1-PA43,M1
  9. ^ The Road to Kakadu Ashley Cook hosted by Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKP9t-thgnQ
  10. ^ The 'country' in contemporary Australian women's country music: gender, history, narrative.(Cultural narratives) 01-JAN-06 Journal of Australian Studies
  11. ^ Keeping bush ballads alive and well By Rachel Wells 17 May 2005 http://www.theage.com.au/news/Arts/Keeping-bush-ballads-alive-and-well/2005/05/16/1116095902715.html
  12. ^ "The focus is on ballads, a poetic form which has had a distinctive and enduring relationship with country music in Australia." Manifold: Brisbane and the 'myth' of John Manifold Australian Literary Studies 01-OCT-03 http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-19874044_ITM
  13. ^ "Manifold's papers in the Fryer Library show the extent of his involvement with Brisbane-based political and cultural groups: the Brisbane Realist Writers Group; the Queensland branch of the CPA and its various cultural sub-groups (particularly the Communist Arts Group); his bush band, 'The Bandicoots'; the Federation of Bush-Music Groups; the indigenous support group ABSCHOL; 'fellow-traveller' organisations such as the Queensland division of the Australia-China Society; and various mainstream literary groups such as the Fellowship of Australian Writers (Queensland), of which he was president in 1964. " Some versions of Manifold: Brisbane and the 'myth' of John Manifold 01-OCT-03 Australian Literary Studies
  14. ^ "The discussion of Australian women performers will begin by noting the career of Shirley Thoms, who began her career in the mid-nineteen-thirties, will consider the work of a range of contemporary performers, and will conclude with a brief consideration of the work of Indigenous singer-songwriter Yvonne Bradley." The 'country' in contemporary Australian women's country music: gender, history, narrative.(Cultural narratives) 01-JAN-06 Journal of Australian Studies
  15. ^ "The Australian Bush Balladeers Association". Bushballadeers.com.au. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  16. ^ " Jeff says it's important to keep the old yarns alive through country music ballads. 'It's our heritage really and it needs to be kept alive somehow and the old bush ballads are the way to do it.'" Balladeer ready for a golden time at Tamworth By Scott Lamond 9 January 2008 Bundaberg Wide Bay Rural Report, ABC Rural Report
  17. ^ "Bio". Deanperrett.com. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  18. ^ . Rumentertainment.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  19. ^ "The Australian Bush Balladeers Association". Bushballadeers.com.au. 30 September 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  20. ^ Country Music Australia Awards website . Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
  21. ^ "Australia's Culture Portal". Cultureandrecreation.gov.au. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
  22. ^ "His interest in collecting Australian bush ballads and songs resulted in several anthologies and essays, most notably The Penguin Australian Song Book (1964)" Some versions of Manifold: Brisbane and the 'myth' of John Manifold 01-OCT-03 Australian Literary Studies

External links

  • Bush Balladeers page
  • Australian Bush Poets Association

March 04, 2023
bush, ballad, bush, ballad, bush, song, bush, poem, style, poetry, folk, music, that, depicts, life, character, scenery, australian, bush, typical, bush, ballad, employs, straightforward, rhyme, structure, narrate, story, often, action, adventure, uses, langua. The bush ballad bush song or bush poem is a style of poetry and folk music that depicts the life character and scenery of the Australian bush The typical bush ballad employs a straightforward rhyme structure to narrate a story often one of action and adventure and uses language that is colourful colloquial and idiomatically Australian Bush ballads range in tone from humorous to melancholic and many explore themes of Australian folklore including bushranging droving droughts floods life on the frontier and relations between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians Cover of Old Bush Songs 1905 Banjo Paterson s seminal collection of bush ballads The tradition dates back to the beginnings of European settlement when colonists mostly British and Irish brought with them the folk music of their homelands Many early bush poems originated in Australia s convict system and were transmitted orally rather than in print It evolved into a unique style over the ensuing decades attaining widespread popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when it was thought by many Australians to convey an authentic expression of the national spirit 1 Through bush poetry publications like The Bulletin sought to define and promote mateship egalitarianism anti authoritarianism and a concern for the battler as quintessential Australian values Though the style has since declined in popularity works from the period leading up to Federation remain among the best known and loved poems in Australia and bush bards such as Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson are regarded as giants of Australian literature Clubs and festivals devoted to bush poetry can be found throughout the country and the tradition lives on in Australian country music Contents 1 Characteristics 2 History 3 Public perceptions 4 Examples 5 Bush balladeers 5 1 Collectors of bush songs 5 2 In other languages 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksCharacteristics EditThe songs tell personal stories of life in the wide open country of Australia Typical subjects include mining raising and droving cattle sheep shearing wanderings war stories the 1891 Australian shearers strike class conflicts between the landless working class and the squatters landowners and bushrangers such as Ned Kelly as well as love interests and more modern fare such as trucking Although not technically bush ballads there are also numerous sea shanties formerly sung by whalers and other sailors as well as songs about the voyage made by convicts and other immigrants from England to Australia which are sung in a similar style While subject matter may be constant musical styles differ between traditional and contemporary bush ballads Exemplars of the traditional bush ballad style include Slim Dusty s When the Rain Tumbles Down in July or Leave Him in the Long yard which have strong narrative in verses plus choruses set to a Pick n Strum beat Contemporary bush ballads may employ finger picking and strumming rock styles 2 History EditThis section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia s quality standards You can help The talk page may contain suggestions May 2016 First page of The Dying Stockman a bush ballad published in Banjo Paterson s 1905 collection The Old Bush Songs Australia s musical traditions include the English Scottish and Irish folk songs of the convicts as well as the work of pastoral poets of the 1880s 3 4 There was also a hymn singing tradition brought by missionaries in the 19th century 5 and the convict songs of those incarcerated on the island The represent attempts to European cultural forms to the Australian environment 4 The distinctive themes and origins of Australia s bush music can be traced to the songs sung by the convicts who were sent to Australia during the early period of the British colonisation beginning in 1788 Early Australian ballads sing of the harsh ways of life of the epoch and of such people and events as bushrangers swagmen drovers stockmen and shearers Convict and bushranger verses often railed against government tyranny Classic bush songs on such themes include The Wild Colonial Boy Click Go The Shears The Eumeralla Shore The Drover s Dream The Queensland Drover The Dying Stockman and Moreton Bay 6 Later themes which endure to the present include the experiences of war of droughts and flooding rains of Aboriginality and of the railways and trucking routes which link Australia s vast distances Isolation and loneliness of life in the Australian bush has been another theme For much of its history Australia s bush music belonged to an oral and folkloric tradition and was only later published in print in volumes such as Banjo Paterson s Old Bush Songs in the 1890s The songs often discuss the hardscrabble life and struggles of the Aussie battler The songs are often ironic and humorous as with Paterson s Beautiful Land of Australia chorus Illawarra Mittagong Parramatta Wollongong If you wish to become an ourang outang Then go to the bush of Australia The lyrics for Waltzing Matilda often regarded as Australia s unofficial national anthem were also composed by Paterson in 1895 This strain of Australian country music with lyrics focusing on strictly Australian subjects is generally known as bush music or bush band music 6 The ballad genre continued in Australia after popular music took hold in Great Britain The oral ballad tradition centered on rural areas had been dying out in England for a generation as a consequence of the land clearances industrialisation and urbanisation found a new lease of life in the Australian bush and one suspects that these traditional and reworked ballads were also sung in the early free and easys While popular music in England had begun to develop in the working class music halls during the 1830s and 1840s the spread of popular music in Australia was still in its infancy 7 The diversity in Australia has increased but even in the 1920s Poncie Cubillo introduced the rondalla with their Filipino string band in Darwin 5 8 The ballad tradition has grown to include some of these influences including Chinese and Filipino 5 There were also the de Bortoli family in Texas Queensland Italians who grew tobacco adding to the amalgam of folk tunes and Tex Morton hillbilly tunes 5 Morton a country music singer originally from New Zealand released a number of Australian themed 78s between 1936 and 1943 including Dying Duffer s Prayer Murrumbridgee Jack Billy Brink The Shearer Stockman s Last Bed Wrap Me Up in My Stockwhip and Blanket Rocky Ned The Outlaw and Ned Kelly Song which can be considered to have been inspired by the bush ballad tradition However Morton sang without an Australian accent and his yodeling style was closer to that of the American singer Jimmie Rodgers than earlier Australian folk singers Later influences from American cowboy and country songs and 1950s rock n roll led to the performance of bush ballads being influenced by and combined with these forms 3 With the advance of technology and mass communications the bush ballads were joined on the modern Australian music scene by rockabilly country music blues Texas swing bluegrass trail songs and country pop 3 Country and folk artists including Slim Dusty Stan Coster Rolf Harris The Bushwackers John Williamson Graeme Connors and John Schumann of the band Redgum have continued to record and popularise the old bush ballads of Australia through the 20th and into the 21st century and contemporary artists including Sara Storer and Lee Kernaghan draw heavily on this heritage Ashley Cook a contemporary balladeer sings about topics relevant to life in agriculture and mining work in Australia s outback Cattle Dust and Leather and Blue Queensland Dogs His song Road to Kakadu laments the slaughter of water buffalo in Northern Territory in the 1990s to control the Brucellosis disease 9 Beneath the Queensland Moon covers the life and death as a drover Public perceptions EditThe genre is sometimes represented vague as unsophisticated partially due to cliched images and stereotypes 10 The genre has been influential and inspirational in theater and movies 11 12 Since the mid 20th century bush songs have often been performed by bush bands such as The Bandicoots or Franklyn B Paverty 13 Female bush balladeers have also been studied 14 A number of awards have been set up to recognize bush balladeers 15 Jeff Brown was nominated for a Golden Guitar Award in the Bush Ballad of the Year category for a song he recorded In the wings of the yard in 2008 16 Past winners of the Country Music Awards Australia Bush Ballad of the Year include Anne Kirkpatrick and Joy McKean The Stan Coster Memorial Bush Ballad Award is presented in several categories 2007 winners included Reg Poole for male vocalist of the year for A Tribute To Slim Graham Rodger for Songwriter of the Year The Battle of Long Tan and Dean Perrett 17 for Album of the Year New Tradition 18 The publishers of the Balladeers Bulletin magazine also hold a Bush Balladeer Starquest competition 19 At the 2008 36th Country Music Awards of Australia held in Tamworth Amos Morris became the youngest artist ever to win the Golden Guitar trophy for the Bush Ballad of the Year category with Sign of the Times 20 Examples EditSome examples of popular bush ballad poems and songs include 21 Traditional The Wild Colonial Boy Click Go the Shears Moreton Bay The Bush Bards Fair girls and grey horses by Will H Ogilvie Freedom on the Wallaby by Henry Lawson The Sick Stockrider by Adam Lindsay Gordon Waltzing Matilda by Banjo PatersonModern writers and singers When the Rain Tumbles Down in July by Slim Dusty Leave Him in the Longyard by Kelly Dixon versions by Slim Dusty and Lee Kernaghan Three Rivers Hotel by Stan Coster versions by Slim Dusty and John Williamson Ballad of Camooweal sung by Slim Dusty The Biggest Disappointment by Joy McKean sung by Slim Dusty and Troy Cassar Daley Mallee Boy by John Williamson Diamantina Drover by Hugh McDonald of Redgum Bush balladeers Edit Adam Gordon Henry Lawson Banjo Paterson Lex Banning 1921 1965 Barbara Baynton 1857 1929 Barcroft Boake 1866 1892 David Campbell 1915 1979 Stan Coster 1930 1997 C J Dennis 1876 1938 Slim Dusty 1927 2003 Edward Dyson 1865 1931 Warren Fahey b 1946 John Farrell 1851 1904 Adam Lindsay Gordon 1833 1870 Edward Harrington 1896 1966 Clive James 1939 2019 Henry Kendall 1839 1882 Henry Lawson 1867 1922 Will Lawson 1876 1957 Geoffrey Lehmann b 1940 James McAuley 1917 1976 Dorothea Mackellar 1885 1968 Francis Frank the Poet MacNamara 1810 1862 Harry Breaker Morant 1864 1902 John Shaw Neilson 1872 1942 Will H Ogilvie 1869 1963 Jack O Hagan 1898 1987 Gordon Parsons 1926 1990 Banjo Paterson 1864 1941 Dean Perrett Kenneth Slessor 1901 1971 Charles Robert Thatcher 1830 1878 Shirley Thoms 1925 1999 Francis Webb 1925 1973 Buddy Williams 1918 1986 Lionel Long 1939 1 January 1998 Gary Shearston 1939 2013 John Williamson b 1945 Collectors of bush songs Edit John Manifold 22 balladeer and collector John Meredith Les Murray Banjo Paterson Bill Scott balladeer and collector Warren FaheyIn other languages Edit Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill 1898 1934 See also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bush ballads Australian literatureReferences Edit Bush ballads Australian Poetry Library Retrieved 21 March 2016 The Australian Bush Balladeers Association Bushballadeers com au Retrieved 9 February 2012 a b c Heart of Country 19 February 2002 Australian Broadcasting Corporation http www abc net au tv documentaries stories s454792 htm a b Sydney by Sally O Brien page 24 Lonely planet guidebook https books google com books id dnUYVikeJwYC amp pg PA24 amp dq bush songs PPA24 M1 a b c d Kerry O Brien 10 December 2003 7 30 Report http www abc net au 7 30 content 2003 s1007523 htm Archived 10 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine a b Bush songs and music australia gov au Cultureandrecreation gov au 1 March 2011 Archived from the original on 6 April 2011 Retrieved 9 February 2012 Producing an Australian popular music from Stephen Foster to Jack O Hagan Stratton Jon 1 January 2007 Journal of Australian Studies he had established the first band of any note in Darwin the Cubillo Brothers Mixed Relations By Regina Ganter Julia Martinez Martinez Fernandez p 43 https books google com books id e2CEwLi684wC amp pg RA1 PA44 amp dq Poncie cubillo PRA1 PA43 M1 The Road to Kakadu Ashley Cook hosted by Youtube https www youtube com watch v hKP9t thgnQ The country in contemporary Australian women s country music gender history narrative Cultural narratives 01 JAN 06 Journal of Australian Studies Keeping bush ballads alive and well By Rachel Wells 17 May 2005 http www theage com au news Arts Keeping bush ballads alive and well 2005 05 16 1116095902715 html The focus is on ballads a poetic form which has had a distinctive and enduring relationship with country music in Australia Manifold Brisbane and the myth of John Manifold Australian Literary Studies 01 OCT 03 http www accessmylibrary com coms2 summary 0286 19874044 ITM Manifold s papers in the Fryer Library show the extent of his involvement with Brisbane based political and cultural groups the Brisbane Realist Writers Group the Queensland branch of the CPA and its various cultural sub groups particularly the Communist Arts Group his bush band The Bandicoots the Federation of Bush Music Groups the indigenous support group ABSCHOL fellow traveller organisations such as the Queensland division of the Australia China Society and various mainstream literary groups such as the Fellowship of Australian Writers Queensland of which he was president in 1964 Some versions of Manifold Brisbane and the myth of John Manifold 01 OCT 03 Australian Literary Studies The discussion of Australian women performers will begin by noting the career of Shirley Thoms who began her career in the mid nineteen thirties will consider the work of a range of contemporary performers and will conclude with a brief consideration of the work of Indigenous singer songwriter Yvonne Bradley The country in contemporary Australian women s country music gender history narrative Cultural narratives 01 JAN 06 Journal of Australian Studies The Australian Bush Balladeers Association Bushballadeers com au Retrieved 9 February 2012 Jeff says it s important to keep the old yarns alive through country music ballads It s our heritage really and it needs to be kept alive somehow and the old bush ballads are the way to do it Balladeer ready for a golden time at Tamworth By Scott Lamond 9 January 2008 Bundaberg Wide Bay Rural Report ABC Rural Report Bio Deanperrett com Retrieved 9 February 2012 RUM ENTERTAINMENT NEWS 7 FEB Rumentertainment com Archived from the original on 19 February 2012 Retrieved 9 February 2012 The Australian Bush Balladeers Association Bushballadeers com au 30 September 2011 Retrieved 9 February 2012 Country Music Australia Awards website News for 2008 Archived from the original on 19 July 2008 Retrieved 2 January 2009 Australia s Culture Portal Cultureandrecreation gov au Retrieved 9 February 2012 His interest in collecting Australian bush ballads and songs resulted in several anthologies and essays most notably The Penguin Australian Song Book 1964 Some versions of Manifold Brisbane and the myth of John Manifold 01 OCT 03 Australian Literary StudiesExternal links EditBush Balladeers page Australian Bush Poets Association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bush ballad amp oldid 1119355288, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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