Longitudinal section through bulbCross section of onion bulb
The bulb's leaf bases, also known as scales, generally do not support leaves, but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot. The base is formed by a reduced stem, and plant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and new stems and leaves from the upper side. Tunicate bulbs have dry, membranous outer scales that protect the continuous lamina of fleshy scales.[2] Species in the genera Allium, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and Tulipa all have tunicate bulbs. Non-tunicate bulbs, such as Lilium and Fritillaria species, lack the protective tunic and have looser scales.[3]
Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages; the bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage and the plant flowers during the reproductive stage. Certain environmental conditions are needed to trigger the transition from one stage to the next, such as the shift from a cold winter to spring.[2] Once the flowering period is over, the plant enters a foliage period of about six weeks during which time the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun for setting flowers for the next year. Bulbs dug up before the foliage period is completed will not bloom the following year but then should flower normally in subsequent years.[4]
Two groups of Iris species, family Iridaceae: subgenus Xiphium (the "Dutch" irises) and subgenus Hermodactyloides (the miniature "rock garden" irises).
A bulbil is a small bulb, and may also be called a bulblet, bulbet, or bulbel.[7]
Small bulbs can develop or propagate a large bulb. If one or several moderate-sized bulbs form to replace the original bulb, they are called renewal bulbs.[7]Increase bulbs are small bulbs that develop either on each of the leaves inside a bulb, or else on the end of small underground stems connected to the original bulb.[7]
Some lilies, such as the tiger lily Lilium lancifolium, form small bulbs, called bulbils, in their leaf axils. Several members of the onion family, Alliaceae, including Allium sativum (garlic), form bulbils in their flower heads, sometimes as the flowers fade, or even instead of the flowers (which is a form of apomixis). The so-called tree onion (Allium × proliferum) forms small onions which are large enough for pickling.[citation needed]
Some ferns, such as the hen-and-chicken fern, produce new plants at the tips of the fronds' pinnae that are sometimes referred to as bulbils.
^ ab"Advances in bulb crops" (PDF). Department of Agriculture, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
^Hartmann, Hudson Thomas; Dale E. Kester (2002). Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices (7 ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 561. ISBN978-0-13-679235-2.
^Oberlander, K. C.; Emshwiller, E.; Bellstedt, D.U. & Dreyer, L.L. (2009). "A model of bulb evolution in the eudicot genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 51 (1): 54–63. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.022. PMID 19070669.
^ abcBell, A.D. (1997). Plant form: an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
Further readingedit
Coccoris, Patricia (2012) The Curious History of the Bulb Vase. Published by Cortex Design. ISBN978-0956809612
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bulbs.
February 16, 2024
bulb, this, article, about, bulbs, defined, botanically, bulbs, wider, gardening, sense, ornamental, bulbous, plant, other, uses, disambiguation, botany, bulb, structurally, short, stem, with, fleshy, leaves, leaf, bases, that, function, food, storage, organs,. This article is about bulbs as defined botanically For bulbs in the wider gardening sense see Ornamental bulbous plant For other uses see Bulb disambiguation In botany a bulb is structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases 1 that function as food storage organs during dormancy In gardening plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs Shallot bulbsHippeastrum amaryllis bulb Contents 1 Description 2 Plants that form bulbs 3 Bulbil 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingDescription edit nbsp Longitudinal section through bulb nbsp Cross section of onion bulbThe bulb s leaf bases also known as scales generally do not support leaves but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot The base is formed by a reduced stem and plant growth occurs from this basal plate Roots emerge from the underside of the base and new stems and leaves from the upper side Tunicate bulbs have dry membranous outer scales that protect the continuous lamina of fleshy scales 2 Species in the genera Allium Hippeastrum Narcissus and Tulipa all have tunicate bulbs Non tunicate bulbs such as Lilium and Fritillaria species lack the protective tunic and have looser scales 3 Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages the bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage and the plant flowers during the reproductive stage Certain environmental conditions are needed to trigger the transition from one stage to the next such as the shift from a cold winter to spring 2 Once the flowering period is over the plant enters a foliage period of about six weeks during which time the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun for setting flowers for the next year Bulbs dug up before the foliage period is completed will not bloom the following year but then should flower normally in subsequent years 4 Plants that form bulbs editPlants that form underground storage organs including bulbs as well as tubers and corms are called geophytes Some epiphytic orchids family Orchidaceae form above ground storage organs called pseudobulbs that superficially resemble bulbs citation needed Nearly all plants that form true bulbs are monocotyledons and include 4 Amaryllis Crinum Hippeastrum Narcissus and several other members of the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae This includes onion garlic and other alliums members of the Amaryllid subfamily Allioideae Lily tulip and many other members of the lily family Liliaceae Two groups of Iris species family Iridaceae subgenus Xiphium the Dutch irises and subgenus Hermodactyloides the miniature rock garden irises The only eudicot plants that produce true bulbs are just a few species in the genus oxalis such as Oxalis latifolia 5 6 Bulbil editMain article bulbil A bulbil is a small bulb and may also be called a bulblet bulbet or bulbel 7 Small bulbs can develop or propagate a large bulb If one or several moderate sized bulbs form to replace the original bulb they are called renewal bulbs 7 Increase bulbs are small bulbs that develop either on each of the leaves inside a bulb or else on the end of small underground stems connected to the original bulb 7 Some lilies such as the tiger lily Lilium lancifolium form small bulbs called bulbils in their leaf axils Several members of the onion family Alliaceae including Allium sativum garlic form bulbils in their flower heads sometimes as the flowers fade or even instead of the flowers which is a form of apomixis The so called tree onion Allium proliferum forms small onions which are large enough for pickling citation needed Some ferns such as the hen and chicken fern produce new plants at the tips of the fronds pinnae that are sometimes referred to as bulbils nbsp Bulbils form in the leaf axils of Lilium lancifolium nbsp Wild garlic Allium vineale bulbils sprouting nbsp Tree onions form clusters of small bulbs instead of flowersSee also editList of flower bulbsReferences edit Bell A D 1997 Plant form an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology Oxford University Press Oxford U K a b Mishra S R 2005 Plant Reproduction Discovery Publishing House pp 120 125 ISBN 978 81 7141 955 5 Ellis Barbara W 2001 Bulbs Houghton Mifflin Harcourt p 3 ISBN 978 0 618 06890 6 a b Advances in bulb crops PDF Department of Agriculture Andhra University Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh India Hartmann Hudson Thomas Dale E Kester 2002 Hartmann and Kester s Plant Propagation Principles and Practices 7 ed Prentice Hall p 561 ISBN 978 0 13 679235 2 Oberlander K C Emshwiller E Bellstedt D U amp Dreyer L L 2009 A model of bulb evolution in the eudicot genus Oxalis Oxalidaceae Molecular Phylogenetics amp Evolution 51 1 54 63 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2008 11 022 PMID 19070669 a b c Bell A D 1997 Plant form an illustrated guide to flowering plant morphology Oxford U K Oxford University Press Further reading editCoccoris Patricia 2012 The Curious History of the Bulb Vase Published by Cortex Design ISBN 978 0956809612 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bulbs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bulb amp oldid 1191945814, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
