Britons in Mexico
Britons in Mexico, or British Mexicans, are Mexicans of British descent or British-born persons who have become naturalized citizens of Mexico.
Panteón Inglés, Real del Monte, Hidalgo | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 4,572 UK-born residents (2017)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Mexico City, Veracruz and Hidalgo | |
| Languages | |
| Mexican Spanish and British English | |
| Religion | |
| Catholicism • Methodism • Anglicanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other British diasporas |
The British have had a presence in Mexico since the Colonial era. However, the greatest exchange occurred following independence, notably with the Cornish miners in Hidalgo and the construction of the port of Coatzacoalcos.[2]
History edit
During the Colonial era, the Spanish restricted the entrance of other Europeans, however, some non-Spanish Europeans were present. In 1556, the English adventurer Robert Thomson encountered the Scotsman Tomás Blaque (Thomas Blake), who had been living in Mexico City for more than twenty years.[3] Blaque is the first known Briton to have settled in what would become Mexico.[4]
During his third voyage, the ship commanded by John Hawkins of Plymouth escaped destruction at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568). However, after becoming lost in the Gulf of Mexico and with a bloated crew, Hawkins abandoned more than one hundred men near Tampico.[5] A group of the men went north (including David Ingram), while the rest went south and were captured by the Spanish. Notable among this group was Miles Philips who wrote a narrative detailing his and the other Englishmen's struggles. They were taken to Mexico City, given care at a hospital and imprisoned. After attempting to escape, they were sold as servants or slaves.[5] Some were able to accumulate wealth by rising to the position of overseers at mines and other operations. However, after the establishment of the Mexican Inquisition, the men were stripped of any wealth and imprisoned as Lutheran heretics. Three of the men were burned, while some sixty were given penance.[5]
In southern Baja California Sur, a few families retain the English surname "Green". This surname was established to be descended from Esteban (Steven) Green, an English whaler that settled in the region in 1834 after migrating from the United Kingdom.[6]
The first great power that recognized the independence of Mexico was the United Kingdom in 1824, shortly after the sale of mines from Pachuca and Real del Monte occurred. The majority of migrants to this region came from what is now termed the Cornish "central mining district" of Camborne and Redruth. Real del Monte's steep streets, stairways and small squares are lined with low buildings and many houses with high sloping roofs and chimneys which indicate a Cornish influence. Mexican remittances from these miners helped to build the Wesleyan Chapel in Redruth.
The Panteón de Dolores, which became the largest cemetery in Mexico, was founded in 1875 by Juan Manuel Benfield, the son of Anglican immigrants. Benfield fulfilled his father's goal of creating a cemetery after his sister was refused burial in Catholic cemeteries and had to be interred at a beach.[7]
According to the 1895 National Census, 3,263 residents were from the United Kingdom.[8]
The twin silver mining settlements of Pachuca and Real del Monte are being marketed as of 2007 as 'Mexico's Little Cornwall' by the Mexican Embassy in London and represent the first attempt by the Spanish speaking part of the Cornish diaspora to establish formal links with Cornwall. The Mexican Embassy in London is also trying to establish a town twinning arrangement with Cornwall. In 2008 thirty members of the Cornish Mexican Cultural Society travelled to Mexico to try and re-trace the path of their ancestors who set off from Cornwall to start a new life in Mexico.[9]
Culture edit
The Cornish introduced institutionalized football to Mexico.[10] A plaque was placed at the site of the first game in Real del Monte. The English also introduced other popular sports such as rugby union, tennis, cricket, polo, and chess. Football clubs founded by Britons included the British Club, Rovers FC Mexico and Reforma Athletic Club. The most successful club founded by Britons is C.F. Pachuca.
Cuisine edit
The paste is a pastry with Cornish roots. Introduced by miners from Cornwall who were contracted in the towns of Real del Monte and Pachuca in Hidalgo.[11] The Cornish miners may have also introduced the turnip to Mexico.[12]
Demographics edit
There were 3,589 UK-born residents in Mexico recorded during the 2010 census, up from the 3,172 individuals counted in the 2000 census.[13] The census only requests place of birth (administrative division or country), the government does not ask its citizens for ancestry nor additional citizenship. According to the British Embassy in Mexico, there were about 15,000 British citizens living in Mexico.[14]
Institutions edit
British immigrants established several institutions of their own, among others:
- Saint Andrew's Society of Mexico (1893)
- Anglo Mexican Foundation (1943)
- The British Society of Mexico (2003)
Notable individuals edit
- Bridget Bate Tichenor, painter, fashion editor
- Claudio Brook, actor
- Leonora Carrington, painter, novelist
- Olivia Collins, actress (Chilean mother of British descent)
- Alfred C. Crowle, manager of Mexico's national football team, miner
- Lila Downs, singer, musician (Scottish American father)
- Helen Escobedo, sculptor, installation artist
- Alexander Forbes, explorer
- Iliana Fox, actress
- Benjamín G. Hill, military commander during the Mexican Revolution
- Diana Kennedy, expert on Mexican cuisine, cookbook writer
- Ricardo Lancaster-Jones y Verea, historian, diplomat, businessman
- Joy Laville, artist
- Robert Livermore, rancher
- Diego Luna, actor, director, producer
- Rodrigo Millar, footballer (Chilean father of British descent)
- Redvers Opie, economist
- Antonio Pedroza Whitham, footballer
- William Edward Petty Hartnell, wealthy land owner
- Hugo Reid, writer
- William A. Richardson, influential in the development of Yerba Buena
- Azela Robinson, actress
- Guillermo Rivas Rowlatt, character actor
- Marcel Sisniega Campbell, chess Grandmaster
- Beatriz Sheridan, actress, director
- Melanie Smith, artist
- Sussan Taunton, actress (Chilean parents of British descent)
- Jacqueline Voltaire, actress, model, singer
- James E. Hyslop Businessman
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "International Migration Database". OECD. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
Country of birth/nationality: United Kingdom, Variable: Stock of foreign population by nationality
- ^ El cementerio británico de Real del Monte 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Suarez Chavez, Aida, State of Hidalgo, Government, 2012. (in Spanish)
- ^ The Melbourne Review, Volume 9. S. Mullen. 1884. p. 462. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Ibáñez, Yolanda Mariel de; Fernández, José Luis Soberanes (1979). El Tribunal de la Inquisición en México (siglo XVI) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. p. 52.
Ya en la ciudad hizo Thompson amistad con Tomas Blake escocés, el primer británico que vino a Nueva España; tenía como 20 años de vivir aquí.
- ^ a b c Gunn, Drewey Wayne (2014). "British Travelers in New Spain". American and British Writers in Mexico, 1556-1973. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292773110. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Martínez Márquez, Pablo L. (1965). Guía Familiar de Baja California. 1700-1900. Editorial Baja California.
- ^ Herrera Moreno, Ethel. (PDF). INAH. p. 78. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
- ^ (PDF). INEGI. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ BBC - The Cornish in Mexico
- ^ Bar-On, Tamir (7 May 2014). The World through Soccer: The Cultural Impact of a Global Sport. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 45. ISBN 9781442234741. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ Millward, David (14 November 2011). "World's first Cornish pasty museum opens in Mexico". The Daily Telegraph. UK.
- ^ Rider, Nick (20 October 2015). "Cornish Mexico: How the pasty was transported to the Sierras". The Independent. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ . Observatorio de Migración Internacional. Observatorio de Migración Internacional. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ Penêda, Vera. "Mexico City: hordes of British expats are struggling to find work". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
Further reading edit
- Dobson, David, Scots in Latin America, Genealogical Publishing Com. (2003) ISBN 9780806352022 (list of known Scottish migrants to Latin America, primarily during the 19th century)
- Villalobos Velásquez, Rosario. Inmigrantes Británicos en el Distrito Minero del Real del Monte y Pachuca, 1824-1947: Un Acercamiento a la Vida Cotidiana. Mexico City: The British Council/Archivo Histórico y Museo Minería 2004.
- Young, Virginia G., The British in Mexico, The British and Commonwealth Society, (1987)
External links edit
- Los que llegaron - Ingleses from Canal Once (in Spanish)