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Yerba Buena, California

January 26, 2023

Not to be confused with Yerba Buena Island or Yerba Buena Tunnel.

Yerba Buena was the original name of the settlement that later became San Francisco. Located near the northeastern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, between the Presidio of San Francisco and the Mission San Francisco de Asís, it was originally intended as a trading post for ships visiting San Francisco Bay. The settlement was arranged in the Spanish style around a plaza that remains as the present day Portsmouth Square.

San Francisco in 1848, not long after being renamed from Yerba Buena, looking to the north-east over Yerba Buena Cove toward Yerba Buena Island.

Name

The name of the town was taken from the yerba buena (Clinopodium douglasii) plant, a native herb of the West Coast of North America and abundant in the region surrounding San Francisco Bay. Franciscan missionary Pedro Font, accompanying the Juan Bautista de Anza expedition of 1775–76, applied the Spanish name to the common native herb he found abundant in the landscape.[1] The plant's common name, yerba buena, the same in English and Spanish, is an alternate form of the Spanish hierba buena (meaning "good herb").

The earliest report of the use of Yerba Buena as a place name comes from the log of George Vancouver, who in 1792 sailed his ship HMS Discovery into San Francisco Bay and anchored "about a league below the Presidio in a place they called Yerba Buena".[2]

History

18th century

The Spanish Portolá expedition, led by Don Gaspar de Portolá, arrived overland from Mexico on November 2, 1769. It was the first documented European visit by land to the San Francisco Bay Area, claiming it for Spain as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

A second group of soldiers, this time accompanied by settlers, arrived in June 1776, led by the Spanish explorer Juan Bautista De Anza. One of De Anza's officers, José Joaquín Moraga, was given the task of building a Spanish mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores), and a military fort, the Presidio of San Francisco.[3] Moraga chose a location approximately halfway between the two sites to build housing for the workers, which became known as Yerba Buena. A supply ship arrived about two months later and the settlers began building.[3]

19th century

In 1804 Las Californias province was split into Alta California province (upper) and Baja California province (lower), both still within the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain.

Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the territory of Alta California became part of Mexico, but the faraway Mexican government paid little attention to Yerba Buena. Over the years the area between the port facilities at Yerba Buena Cove and the housing area of Yerba Buena filled in. The old plaza is today's Portsmouth Square.[4][5]

In 1835, William A. Richardson, a naturalized Mexican citizen of English birth, erected a homestead near the boat anchorage of Yerba Buena Cove.[2] Together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, which retained the name Yerba Buena.

In early 1841 James Douglas of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), operating on the Pacific coast from Fort Vancouver, went to Yerba Buena to establish an HBC trading post. A large building on the water's edge was purchased. The HBC post had several purposes. It operated as a wholesale store, selling goods exported from Fort Vancouver such as salmon, lumber, and British manufactures in exchange for hides and tallow. The post improved diplomatic relations between the British HBC and the Mexican government of California, making the HBC's fur trapping expeditions into California's Central Valley politically acceptable. Despite the mercantile potential of the HBC store in Yerba Buena, in 1842 it was ordered to be closed by George Simpson as part of Simpson's general reorganization of the HBC's Columbia District. The HBC store in Yerba Buena was sold in 1846, two years before the California Gold Rush transformed Yerba Buena into the major city on the North American west coast.[6]

On July 7, 1846, US Navy Commodore John D. Sloat, in the Battle of Yerba Buena, claimed Alta California for the United States during the Mexican–American War, and US Navy Captain John Berrien Montgomery and US Marine Second Lieutenant Henry Bulls Watson of the USS Portsmouth arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later by raising the American flag over the town plaza, which is now Portsmouth Square in honor of the ship.[2] Henry Bulls Watson was placed in command of the garrison there. On July 31, 1846, Yerba Buena doubled in population when about 240 Mormon migrants from the East coast arrived on the ship Brooklyn, led by Sam Brannan. In August 1846, Lt. Washington Allon Bartlett was named alcalde of Yerba Buena.[7] On January 30, 1847, Lt. Bartlett's proclamation changing the name Yerba Buena to San Francisco took effect.[8] The city and the rest of Alta California officially became a United States military territory in 1848 by the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican–American War. California was admitted for statehood to the United States on September 9, 1850. The State soon chartered San Francisco as both a City and a County.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bolton, Herbert E. (1930). Anza's California Expeditions, Volume IV. pp. [1]. Retrieved April 5, 2014 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ a b c Hoover, Mildred Brooke; Douglas E. Kyle (2002). Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press. pp. 353–355. ISBN 978-0-8047-4482-9.
  3. ^ a b White, Tekla (2007). San Francisco Bay Area Missions. Lerner Publications. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-8225-0900-4.
  4. ^ "San Francisco – From the 1820s to the Gold Rush". The Virtual Museum of the City. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
  5. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Yerba Buena Cove (historical)
  6. ^ Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997). Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793–1843. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. pp. 176–180. ISBN 0-7748-0613-3.
  7. ^ "First Municipal Elections Held in San Francisco". The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
  8. ^ "Yerba Buena Renamed San Francisco". The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Retrieved October 27, 2009.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of San Francisco.
  • Yerba Buena Cove — map from 1851–1852 showing Yerba Buena Cove.
  • View of San Francisco, formerly Yerba Buena, in 1846-7 before the discovery of gold — A panoramic map of Yerba Buena Cove and early San Francisco; American Memory Map Collections, Library of Congress.

Coordinates: 37°47′35″N 122°23′47″W / 37.79306°N 122.39639°W / 37.79306; -122.39639

January 26, 2023
yerba, buena, california, confused, with, yerba, buena, island, yerba, buena, tunnel, yerba, buena, original, name, settlement, that, later, became, francisco, located, near, northeastern, francisco, peninsula, between, presidio, francisco, mission, francisco,. Not to be confused with Yerba Buena Island or Yerba Buena Tunnel Yerba Buena was the original name of the settlement that later became San Francisco Located near the northeastern end of the San Francisco Peninsula between the Presidio of San Francisco and the Mission San Francisco de Asis it was originally intended as a trading post for ships visiting San Francisco Bay The settlement was arranged in the Spanish style around a plaza that remains as the present day Portsmouth Square San Francisco in 1848 not long after being renamed from Yerba Buena looking to the north east over Yerba Buena Cove toward Yerba Buena Island Contents 1 Name 2 History 2 1 18th century 2 2 19th century 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksName EditThe name of the town was taken from the yerba buena Clinopodium douglasii plant a native herb of the West Coast of North America and abundant in the region surrounding San Francisco Bay Franciscan missionary Pedro Font accompanying the Juan Bautista de Anza expedition of 1775 76 applied the Spanish name to the common native herb he found abundant in the landscape 1 The plant s common name yerba buena the same in English and Spanish is an alternate form of the Spanish hierba buena meaning good herb The earliest report of the use of Yerba Buena as a place name comes from the log of George Vancouver who in 1792 sailed his ship HMS Discovery into San Francisco Bay and anchored about a league below the Presidio in a place they called Yerba Buena 2 History Edit Presidio of San Francisco in Alta California in 1817 18th century Edit The Spanish Portola expedition led by Don Gaspar de Portola arrived overland from Mexico on November 2 1769 It was the first documented European visit by land to the San Francisco Bay Area claiming it for Spain as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain A second group of soldiers this time accompanied by settlers arrived in June 1776 led by the Spanish explorer Juan Bautista De Anza One of De Anza s officers Jose Joaquin Moraga was given the task of building a Spanish mission Mission San Francisco de Asis Mission Dolores and a military fort the Presidio of San Francisco 3 Moraga chose a location approximately halfway between the two sites to build housing for the workers which became known as Yerba Buena A supply ship arrived about two months later and the settlers began building 3 19th century Edit In 1804 Las Californias province was split into Alta California province upper and Baja California province lower both still within the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain Upon independence from Spain in 1821 the territory of Alta California became part of Mexico but the faraway Mexican government paid little attention to Yerba Buena Over the years the area between the port facilities at Yerba Buena Cove and the housing area of Yerba Buena filled in The old plaza is today s Portsmouth Square 4 5 In 1835 William A Richardson a naturalized Mexican citizen of English birth erected a homestead near the boat anchorage of Yerba Buena Cove 2 Together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement which retained the name Yerba Buena In early 1841 James Douglas of the Hudson s Bay Company HBC operating on the Pacific coast from Fort Vancouver went to Yerba Buena to establish an HBC trading post A large building on the water s edge was purchased The HBC post had several purposes It operated as a wholesale store selling goods exported from Fort Vancouver such as salmon lumber and British manufactures in exchange for hides and tallow The post improved diplomatic relations between the British HBC and the Mexican government of California making the HBC s fur trapping expeditions into California s Central Valley politically acceptable Despite the mercantile potential of the HBC store in Yerba Buena in 1842 it was ordered to be closed by George Simpson as part of Simpson s general reorganization of the HBC s Columbia District The HBC store in Yerba Buena was sold in 1846 two years before the California Gold Rush transformed Yerba Buena into the major city on the North American west coast 6 On July 7 1846 US Navy Commodore John D Sloat in the Battle of Yerba Buena claimed Alta California for the United States during the Mexican American War and US Navy Captain John Berrien Montgomery and US Marine Second Lieutenant Henry Bulls Watson of the USS Portsmouth arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later by raising the American flag over the town plaza which is now Portsmouth Square in honor of the ship 2 Henry Bulls Watson was placed in command of the garrison there On July 31 1846 Yerba Buena doubled in population when about 240 Mormon migrants from the East coast arrived on the ship Brooklyn led by Sam Brannan In August 1846 Lt Washington Allon Bartlett was named alcalde of Yerba Buena 7 On January 30 1847 Lt Bartlett s proclamation changing the name Yerba Buena to San Francisco took effect 8 The city and the rest of Alta California officially became a United States military territory in 1848 by the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican American War California was admitted for statehood to the United States on September 9 1850 The State soon chartered San Francisco as both a City and a County See also EditHistory of San Francisco Yerba Buena Island List of pre statehood mayors of Yerba Buena San Francisco American conquest of California Category Conquest of California in the Mexican American WarReferences Edit Bolton Herbert E 1930 Anza s California Expeditions Volume IV pp 1 Retrieved April 5 2014 via Internet Archive a b c Hoover Mildred Brooke Douglas E Kyle 2002 Historic Spots in California Stanford University Press pp 353 355 ISBN 978 0 8047 4482 9 a b White Tekla 2007 San Francisco Bay Area Missions Lerner Publications pp 16 17 ISBN 978 0 8225 0900 4 San Francisco From the 1820s to the Gold Rush The Virtual Museum of the City Retrieved October 27 2009 U S Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System Yerba Buena Cove historical Mackie Richard Somerset 1997 Trading Beyond the Mountains The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793 1843 Vancouver University of British Columbia UBC Press pp 176 180 ISBN 0 7748 0613 3 First Municipal Elections Held in San Francisco The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco Retrieved October 27 2009 Yerba Buena Renamed San Francisco The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco Retrieved October 27 2009 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of San Francisco Yerba Buena Cove map from 1851 1852 showing Yerba Buena Cove View of San Francisco formerly Yerba Buena in 1846 7 before the discovery of gold A panoramic map of Yerba Buena Cove and early San Francisco American Memory Map Collections Library of Congress Coordinates 37 47 35 N 122 23 47 W 37 79306 N 122 39639 W 37 79306 122 39639 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yerba Buena California amp oldid 1115381500, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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