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Bragi Boddason

January 01, 1970

This is an Icelandic name. The last name is patronymic, not a family name; this person is referred to by the given name Bragi.

Bragi Boddason, known as Bragi the Old (Old Norse: Bragi hinn gamli) was a Norwegian skald active in the first half of the 9th century, the earliest known skald from whom verses have survived. Portions of his Ragnarsdrápa are preserved in Snorri Sturluson's Edda.

Bragi Boddason
Drawing of Bragi by Carl Wahlbom
OccupationSkald
LanguageOld Norse
PeriodViking Age
Literary movementSkaldic poetry
Years activeEarly 9th century
Notable worksRagnarsdrápa

Life and career edit

Bragi is known as "the Old" to distinguish him from a 12th-century skald, Bragi Hallsson. He was a member of a prominent family in southwestern Norway;[1] according to Landnámabók, he married Lopthœna, the daughter of Erpr lútandi, another skald, and among their descendants was the early 11th-century skald Gunnlaugr ormstunga.[2] Skáldatal lists him as a court poet to three kings, Ragnarr Loðbrók, Eysteinn Beli, and Bjǫrn at haugi,[2][3] which has led to his life being dated to the 9th century, usually to the first half of that century.[2] However, the dating of the reigns of all but King Bjǫrn in Sweden suggest a later date, and some including Guðbrandur Vigfússon have preferred dates of 835–900.[4][5] Landnámabók also reports that when visiting Ljúfvina, the wife of king Hjǫrr of Hǫrðaland, he perceived that she had substituted the fair-skinned son of a thrall woman for her dark-skinned twin sons Geirmundr and Hámundr and persuaded her to reinstate her own sons.[6] This story and the story of his confronting a troll-woman, are probably legends.[3]

Bragi has the same name as the god Bragi, which has led some to doubt his historicity, but there are enough mentions of him to attest to his having lived,[6] so that it is likely he was deified and gave his name to the god.[1][3][4][7][8] He has been credited with inventing the dróttkvætt meter characteristic of skaldic poetry, possibly under the influence of Irish verse forms,[9] but although later skalds imitated some of his kennings, the complexity of his verse makes it more probable that earlier poetry representing the development of the tradition has been lost.[10]

Works edit

In Egils saga, ch. 59, Bragi is said to have composed a poem to "ransom his head" after angering King Bjǫrn; Egill Skallagrímsson is persuaded to follow his example by his friend and Bragi's great-grandson Arinbjǫrn, leading him to compose his Hǫfuðlausn for Erik Bloodax.[2][11]

Most of his verses that we have preserved appear to be part of his Ragnarsdrápa. This is a shield lay, composed in return for the gift of a decorated shield, according to Snorri from Ragnarr Loðbrók,[3] but many scholars consider it more likely the poem was dedicated to a different Ragnarr.[12][13] It appears to have consisted of an introductory verse followed by four sets of four verses, each describing a scene depicted on the shield: two mythological, Gefjon plowing the island of Zealand out of Sweden and Thor fishing for the World Serpent Jǫrmungandr, and two heroic, Hamðir and Sǫrli's attack on King Jǫrmunrekkr, and the never-ending battle between Heðinn and Hǫgni, and presumably a concluding verse.[14] Parts or all of twenty verses survive;[15] one verse attributed to Bragi in all but one manuscript of the Edda is probably correctly assigned to Úlfr Uggason's Húsdrápa, which also describes a portrayal of Thor's fishing expedition.[16][17]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "Bragi Boddason the Old", in: Lee M. Hollander, The Skalds: A Selection of Their Poems, With Introductions and Notes, The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1945, repr. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, 1947, OCLC 917621430, p. 25.
  2. ^ a b c d Finnur Jónsson, "Om skjaldepoesien og de ældste skjalde (To foredrag)", Arkiv för nordisk filologi 7 (N.S. 2) (1890) 121–55, pp. 141–45 (in Danish).
  3. ^ a b c d Margaret Clunies Ross, "Bragi inn gamli Boddason" in: Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold, eds., Poetry from Treatises on Poetics, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3, Turnhout: Brepols, 2017, ISBN 9782503566665, p. 26, online at Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, retrieved June 4, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Bragi enn gamli Boddason", in: Rudolf Simek and Hermann Pálsson, Lexikon der altnordischen Literatur, Kröners Taschenausgabe 490, Stuttgart: Kröner, 1987, ISBN 3520490013, pp. 44–45 (in German).
  5. ^ Gudbrand Vigfusson and F. York Powell, Corpus Poeticum Boreale, 2 vols., Volume 2, Oxford: Clarendon (Oxford University), 1883, OCLC 923958158, p. 2.
  6. ^ a b Finnur Jónsson, Den islandske litteraturs historie: tilligemed den old norske, Copenhagen: Gad, 1907, OCLC 251032649, p. 91 (in Danish).
  7. ^ Gabriel Turville-Petre, Origins of Icelandic Literature, Oxford: Clarendon (Oxford University), 1953, OCLC 776250456, p. 35.
  8. ^ Among scholars who disagree is Jan de Vries, Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte, 2 vols., Grundriß der germanischen Philologie 12, Volume 2, 2nd ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1957, repr. (3rd ed.) 1970, p. 273 (in German).
  9. ^ Turville-Petre, Origins of Icelandic Literature, pp. 35–38.
  10. ^ Jan de Vries, Altnordische Literaturgeschichte, 2 vols., Volume 1, Grundriß der germanischen Philologie 15, 2nd ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1964, OCLC 492651465, p. 127 (in German).
  11. ^ Stefán Einarsson, A History of Icelandic Literature, The American-Scandinavian Foundation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1957, OCLC 504185269, p. 59.
  12. ^ Turville-Petre, Origins of Icelandic Literature, p. 34.
  13. ^ Vésteinn Ólason, "Old Icelandic Poetry" in: Daisy Neijmann, ed., A History of Icelandic Literature, Histories of Scandinavian Literature 5, The American-Scandinavian Foundation, Lincoln, Nebraska / London: University of Nebraska, 2006, ISBN 9780803233461, pp. 1–64, p. 28.
  14. ^ Hollander, The Skalds, pp. 25–26.
  15. ^ E.O.G Turville-Petre, Scaldic Poetry, Oxford: Clarendon (Oxford University), 1976, ISBN 9780198125174, p. 1.
  16. ^ "Úlfr Uggason, Húsdrápa 5" at Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages, retrieved June 4, 2021.
  17. ^ Ursula Dronke, ed. and trans., The Poetic Edda, 3 vols. published, Volume 3, Oxford: Oxford University, 2011, ISBN 9780198111825, p. 98 (Úlfr Uggason III).

External links edit

January 01, 1970
bragi, boddason, this, icelandic, name, last, name, patronymic, family, name, this, person, referred, given, name, bragi, known, bragi, norse, bragi, hinn, gamli, norwegian, skald, active, first, half, century, earliest, known, skald, from, whom, verses, have,. This is an Icelandic name The last name is patronymic not a family name this person is referred to by the given name Bragi Bragi Boddason known as Bragi the Old Old Norse Bragi hinn gamli was a Norwegian skald active in the first half of the 9th century the earliest known skald from whom verses have survived Portions of his Ragnarsdrapa are preserved in Snorri Sturluson s Edda Bragi BoddasonDrawing of Bragi by Carl WahlbomOccupationSkaldLanguageOld NorsePeriodViking AgeLiterary movementSkaldic poetryYears activeEarly 9th centuryNotable worksRagnarsdrapa Contents 1 Life and career 2 Works 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksLife and career editBragi is known as the Old to distinguish him from a 12th century skald Bragi Hallsson He was a member of a prominent family in southwestern Norway 1 according to Landnamabok he married Lopthœna the daughter of Erpr lutandi another skald and among their descendants was the early 11th century skald Gunnlaugr ormstunga 2 Skaldatal lists him as a court poet to three kings Ragnarr Lodbrok Eysteinn Beli and Bjǫrn at haugi 2 3 which has led to his life being dated to the 9th century usually to the first half of that century 2 However the dating of the reigns of all but King Bjǫrn in Sweden suggest a later date and some including Gudbrandur Vigfusson have preferred dates of 835 900 4 5 Landnamabok also reports that when visiting Ljufvina the wife of king Hjǫrr of Hǫrdaland he perceived that she had substituted the fair skinned son of a thrall woman for her dark skinned twin sons Geirmundr and Hamundr and persuaded her to reinstate her own sons 6 This story and the story of his confronting a troll woman are probably legends 3 Bragi has the same name as the god Bragi which has led some to doubt his historicity but there are enough mentions of him to attest to his having lived 6 so that it is likely he was deified and gave his name to the god 1 3 4 7 8 He has been credited with inventing the drottkvaett meter characteristic of skaldic poetry possibly under the influence of Irish verse forms 9 but although later skalds imitated some of his kennings the complexity of his verse makes it more probable that earlier poetry representing the development of the tradition has been lost 10 Works editIn Egils saga ch 59 Bragi is said to have composed a poem to ransom his head after angering King Bjǫrn Egill Skallagrimsson is persuaded to follow his example by his friend and Bragi s great grandson Arinbjǫrn leading him to compose his Hǫfudlausn for Erik Bloodax 2 11 Most of his verses that we have preserved appear to be part of his Ragnarsdrapa This is a shield lay composed in return for the gift of a decorated shield according to Snorri from Ragnarr Lodbrok 3 but many scholars consider it more likely the poem was dedicated to a different Ragnarr 12 13 It appears to have consisted of an introductory verse followed by four sets of four verses each describing a scene depicted on the shield two mythological Gefjon plowing the island of Zealand out of Sweden and Thor fishing for the World Serpent Jǫrmungandr and two heroic Hamdir and Sǫrli s attack on King Jǫrmunrekkr and the never ending battle between Hedinn and Hǫgni and presumably a concluding verse 14 Parts or all of twenty verses survive 15 one verse attributed to Bragi in all but one manuscript of the Edda is probably correctly assigned to Ulfr Uggason s Husdrapa which also describes a portrayal of Thor s fishing expedition 16 17 See also editList of skaldsReferences edit a b Bragi Boddason the Old in Lee M Hollander The Skalds A Selection of Their Poems With Introductions and Notes The American Scandinavian Foundation 1945 repr Princeton New Jersey Princeton University 1947 OCLC 917621430 p 25 a b c d Finnur Jonsson Om skjaldepoesien og de aeldste skjalde To foredrag Arkiv for nordisk filologi 7 N S 2 1890 121 55 pp 141 45 in Danish a b c d Margaret Clunies Ross Bragi inn gamli Boddason in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold eds Poetry from Treatises on Poetics Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3 Turnhout Brepols 2017 ISBN 9782503566665 p 26 online at Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages retrieved June 4 2021 a b Bragi enn gamli Boddason in Rudolf Simek and Hermann Palsson Lexikon der altnordischen Literatur Kroners Taschenausgabe 490 Stuttgart Kroner 1987 ISBN 3520490013 pp 44 45 in German Gudbrand Vigfusson and F York Powell Corpus Poeticum Boreale 2 vols Volume 2 Oxford Clarendon Oxford University 1883 OCLC 923958158 p 2 a b Finnur Jonsson Den islandske litteraturs historie tilligemed den old norske Copenhagen Gad 1907 OCLC 251032649 p 91 in Danish Gabriel Turville Petre Origins of Icelandic Literature Oxford Clarendon Oxford University 1953 OCLC 776250456 p 35 Among scholars who disagree is Jan de Vries Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte 2 vols Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 12 Volume 2 2nd ed Berlin De Gruyter 1957 repr 3rd ed 1970 p 273 in German Turville Petre Origins of Icelandic Literature pp 35 38 Jan de Vries Altnordische Literaturgeschichte 2 vols Volume 1 Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 15 2nd ed Berlin De Gruyter 1964 OCLC 492651465 p 127 in German Stefan Einarsson A History of Icelandic Literature The American Scandinavian Foundation Baltimore Johns Hopkins 1957 OCLC 504185269 p 59 Turville Petre Origins of Icelandic Literature p 34 Vesteinn olason Old Icelandic Poetry in Daisy Neijmann ed A History of Icelandic Literature Histories of Scandinavian Literature 5 The American Scandinavian Foundation Lincoln Nebraska London University of Nebraska 2006 ISBN 9780803233461 pp 1 64 p 28 Hollander The Skalds pp 25 26 E O G Turville Petre Scaldic Poetry Oxford Clarendon Oxford University 1976 ISBN 9780198125174 p 1 Ulfr Uggason Husdrapa 5 at Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages retrieved June 4 2021 Ursula Dronke ed and trans The Poetic Edda 3 vols published Volume 3 Oxford Oxford University 2011 ISBN 9780198111825 p 98 Ulfr Uggason III External links editRagnarsdrapa text and translation at Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bragi Boddason amp oldid 1191853030, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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