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Bogotá rail

January 01, 1970

The Bogotá rail (Rallus semiplumbeus) is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is endemic to Colombia.[2][3][1] The bird is a typical medium-sized rail with a plump body that is laterally compressed (“skinny as a rail”), a short tail and an elongated bill.

Bogotá rail
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Gruiformes
Family: Rallidae
Genus: Rallus
Species:
R. semiplumbeus
Binomial name
Rallus semiplumbeus

Taxonomy and systematics edit

The Bogotá rail was first described in 1856 by the American ornithologist Philip Sclater, based on a specimen sent to him by the French collectors Jules and Édouard Verreaux.[4] The generic name Rallus is thought to derive from the name for these birds in French (Rale) or German (ralle). The specific epithet semiplumbeus comes from the Latin plumbum (lead), suggesting that the bird is somewhat the color of lead.[5]

The Bogotá rail has two known subspecies:[2]

R. s. peruvianus is known from a single specimen thought to have been collected in Peru; it is now considered to be extinct. Some authors have suggested that it represents a distinct species.[2][6]

The taxonomic relationships among the Rallidae species are complex and not fully resolved, but phylogenetic analysis has determined that this species is one of eight members that form a clade (a monophyletic group). It is most closely related to the plain-flanked rail (R. wetmorei), mangrove rail (R. longirostris), Virginia rail (R. limicola), king rail (R. elegans), and austral rail (R. antarcticus) of the New World (Nearctic and Neotropical realms ), and the African rail (R. caerulescens), water rail (R. aquaticus), and brown-cheeked rail (R. indicus) of the Palearctic and Afrotropical realms.[7]

 

Description edit

The Bogotá rail is a typical member of the genus Rallus, with a long and slightly decurved bill, a plump body, and a short tail. It is 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 12 in) long. Its bill is dull red, shading to dusky black on the culmen and tip. Its eyes are red with a black pupil and its legs are dull coral red. The sexes are alike. Adults have a sepia brown crown and nape and plumbeous gray face, breast, and belly. Their back, tertials, secondaries, and the upper side of the tail are dull brown, with black streaks on the back. Their primaries are black with chestnut fringing, and a rufous patch is usually evident on the wing coverts. The rear parts of their flanks are black with fine white vertical barring and their undertail coverts are white. There is a small patch of white on the throat just below the bill. Juveniles are similar to adults with the addition of sooty tips on the breast feathers and a whitish throat.[8][9]

Distribution and habitat edit

The Bogotá rail is a scarce species endemic to the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. It inhabits wetlands, ponds, and wet meadows on montane slopes and in the páramo, at elevations ranging from 2,000 to 4,100 m (6,600 to 13,500 ft) meters. The species is typically found in dense reedbeds dominated by the sedge Schoenoplectus californicus, but also including emergent vegetation such as Juncus effusus, Polygonum punctatum, Rumex obtusifolius, Bidens laevis, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, and Carex acutata. Reedbeds bordered by dwarf Chusquea bamboo or other dense vegetation seem to be favored.

A study of Bogotá rails in the wetland of La Conejera found that they spent on average 84% of their time within this type of habitat. The birds were also observed in wet grasslands, although it seems that they mainly ventured into this more open (and predator-friendly) habitat while moving between patches of wetland. They were only occasionally seen on floating vegetation.[8][10][11][9]

Behavior edit

Movement edit

The Bogotá rail's movements, if any, have not been recorded.[9]

Feeding edit

The Bogotá rail forages mostly at dawn and dusk. It seeks prey at the edges of reedbeds and marshes, in flooded grassy areas, in shallow water with floating plants, and among waterlogged dead vegetation. Its diet is principally aquatic invertebrates including insect larvae, and also includes worms, molluscs, amphibians, and plant material.[9]

Breeding edit

The Bogotá rail's breeding period is not well defined but appears to span from July to September. It is thought to be monogamous and territorial. Its nest and eggs are not known, but it is known that both parents care for the young.[9]

 

Songs and calls
Listen to Bogotá rail on xeno-canto

Vocalization edit

The Bogotá rail calls only in daytime. Its vocalizations include "squeaks, grunts, and whistling and piping notes" that increase in volume and fairly abruptly end. When distubed it also makes a "brief, rapid 'titititirr'."[9]

Status edit

The IUCN originally assessed the Bogotá rail as Threatened and then in 1994 as Endangered. In 2021 it was reclassified as Vulnerable. It has a very small range and its estimated population of 3700 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. Its wetland habitat is under severe human pressure. "Drainage has caused massive habitat loss on the Ubaté-Bogotá plateau, and few suitably vegetated marshes remain because of pollution and siltation."[1] It is locally common and appears "able to survive in small patches of remaining habitat".[9]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2021). "Bogota Rail Rallus semiplumbeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22692482A199129240. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  3. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022
  4. ^ Sclater, Philip Lutley (1856). "On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part XXIV: 31. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names : from aalge to zusii. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 330, 353. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
  7. ^ Livezey, B. C. (29 December 1998). "A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1378): 2077–2151. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0353. PMC 1692427.
  8. ^ a b Restall, Robin L.; Rodner, Clemencia; Lentino, Miguel (2007). Birds of northern South America : an identification guide. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 978-0-300-10862-0.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Taylor, B. and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Bogota Rail (Rallus semiplumbeus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bograi1.01 retrieved November 23, 2022
  10. ^ Pérez-Guevara, María Camila; Botero-Delgadillo, Estaban (2020). "USO DE HÁBITAT Y COMPORTAMIENTO DEL RASCÓN ANDINO (RALLUS SEMIPLUMBEUS) EN EL HUMEDAL LA CONEJERA, COLOMBIA". Ornitología Neotropical (in Spanish). 31: 1–4. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  11. ^ Renjifo, Luis Miguel; Amaya-Villarreal, Ángela María; Burbano-Girón, Jaime; Velásquez-Tibatá, Jorge (2016). Libro Rojo de Aves de Colombia Vol. II. Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana : Instituto Humboldt. pp. 164–168. ISBN 978-958-716-980-5.

External links edit

  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr1BeL5zslg Bogotá rail
  • Bogotá rail- pictures

January 01, 1970
bogotá, rail, rallus, semiplumbeus, vulnerable, species, bird, subfamily, rallinae, family, rallidae, rails, gallinules, coots, endemic, colombia, bird, typical, medium, sized, rail, with, plump, body, that, laterally, compressed, skinny, rail, short, tail, el. The Bogota rail Rallus semiplumbeus is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae the rails gallinules and coots It is endemic to Colombia 2 3 1 The bird is a typical medium sized rail with a plump body that is laterally compressed skinny as a rail a short tail and an elongated bill Bogota rail Conservation status Vulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Gruiformes Family Rallidae Genus Rallus Species R semiplumbeus Binomial name Rallus semiplumbeusSclater PL 1856 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editThe Bogota rail was first described in 1856 by the American ornithologist Philip Sclater based on a specimen sent to him by the French collectors Jules and Edouard Verreaux 4 The generic name Rallus is thought to derive from the name for these birds in French Rale or German ralle The specific epithet semiplumbeus comes from the Latin plumbum lead suggesting that the bird is somewhat the color of lead 5 The Bogota rail has two known subspecies 2 R s semiplumbeus Sclater 1856 R s peruvianus Taczanowski 1886 R s peruvianus is known from a single specimen thought to have been collected in Peru it is now considered to be extinct Some authors have suggested that it represents a distinct species 2 6 The taxonomic relationships among the Rallidae species are complex and not fully resolved but phylogenetic analysis has determined that this species is one of eight members that form a clade a monophyletic group It is most closely related to the plain flanked rail R wetmorei mangrove rail R longirostris Virginia rail R limicola king rail R elegans and austral rail R antarcticus of the New World Nearctic and Neotropical realms and the African rail R caerulescens water rail R aquaticus and brown cheeked rail R indicus of the Palearctic and Afrotropical realms 7 nbsp Description editThe Bogota rail is a typical member of the genus Rallus with a long and slightly decurved bill a plump body and a short tail It is 25 to 30 cm 9 8 to 12 in long Its bill is dull red shading to dusky black on the culmen and tip Its eyes are red with a black pupil and its legs are dull coral red The sexes are alike Adults have a sepia brown crown and nape and plumbeous gray face breast and belly Their back tertials secondaries and the upper side of the tail are dull brown with black streaks on the back Their primaries are black with chestnut fringing and a rufous patch is usually evident on the wing coverts The rear parts of their flanks are black with fine white vertical barring and their undertail coverts are white There is a small patch of white on the throat just below the bill Juveniles are similar to adults with the addition of sooty tips on the breast feathers and a whitish throat 8 9 Distribution and habitat editThe Bogota rail is a scarce species endemic to the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyaca in the Eastern Andes of Colombia It inhabits wetlands ponds and wet meadows on montane slopes and in the paramo at elevations ranging from 2 000 to 4 100 m 6 600 to 13 500 ft meters The species is typically found in dense reedbeds dominated by the sedge Schoenoplectus californicus but also including emergent vegetation such as Juncus effusus Polygonum punctatum Rumex obtusifolius Bidens laevis Hydrocotyle ranunculoides and Carex acutata Reedbeds bordered by dwarf Chusquea bamboo or other dense vegetation seem to be favored A study of Bogota rails in the wetland of La Conejera found that they spent on average 84 of their time within this type of habitat The birds were also observed in wet grasslands although it seems that they mainly ventured into this more open and predator friendly habitat while moving between patches of wetland They were only occasionally seen on floating vegetation 8 10 11 9 Behavior editMovement edit The Bogota rail s movements if any have not been recorded 9 Feeding edit The Bogota rail forages mostly at dawn and dusk It seeks prey at the edges of reedbeds and marshes in flooded grassy areas in shallow water with floating plants and among waterlogged dead vegetation Its diet is principally aquatic invertebrates including insect larvae and also includes worms molluscs amphibians and plant material 9 Breeding edit The Bogota rail s breeding period is not well defined but appears to span from July to September It is thought to be monogamous and territorial Its nest and eggs are not known but it is known that both parents care for the young 9 nbsp Songs and calls Listen to Bogota rail on xeno canto Vocalization edit The Bogota rail calls only in daytime Its vocalizations include squeaks grunts and whistling and piping notes that increase in volume and fairly abruptly end When distubed it also makes a brief rapid titititirr 9 Status editThe IUCN originally assessed the Bogota rail as Threatened and then in 1994 as Endangered In 2021 it was reclassified as Vulnerable It has a very small range and its estimated population of 3700 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing Its wetland habitat is under severe human pressure Drainage has caused massive habitat loss on the Ubate Bogota plateau and few suitably vegetated marshes remain because of pollution and siltation 1 It is locally common and appears able to survive in small patches of remaining habitat 9 References edit a b c BirdLife International 2021 Bogota Rail Rallus semiplumbeus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T22692482A199129240 Retrieved 23 November 2022 a b c Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds August 2022 Finfoots flufftails rails trumpeters cranes Limpkin IOC World Bird List v 12 2 Retrieved August 9 2022 HBW and BirdLife International 2021 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 6 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v6 Dec21 zip retrieved August 7 2022 Sclater Philip Lutley 1856 On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections from Bogota Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part XXIV 31 Retrieved 13 November 2021 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names from aalge to zusii London Christopher Helm pp 330 353 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 24 July 2022 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved July 24 2022 Livezey B C 29 December 1998 A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes Aves based on morphological characters with an emphasis on the rails Rallidae Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 353 1378 2077 2151 doi 10 1098 rstb 1998 0353 PMC 1692427 a b Restall Robin L Rodner Clemencia Lentino Miguel 2007 Birds of northern South America an identification guide New Haven Yale University Press pp 114 115 ISBN 978 0 300 10862 0 a b c d e f g Taylor B and C J Sharpe 2020 Bogota Rail Rallus semiplumbeus version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow bograi1 01 retrieved November 23 2022 Perez Guevara Maria Camila Botero Delgadillo Estaban 2020 USO DE HABITAT Y COMPORTAMIENTO DEL RASCoN ANDINO RALLUS SEMIPLUMBEUS EN EL HUMEDAL LA CONEJERA COLOMBIA Ornitologia Neotropical in Spanish 31 1 4 Retrieved 23 September 2022 Renjifo Luis Miguel Amaya Villarreal Angela Maria Burbano Giron Jaime Velasquez Tibata Jorge 2016 Libro Rojo de Aves de Colombia Vol II Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Instituto Humboldt pp 164 168 ISBN 978 958 716 980 5 External links edithttps www youtube com watch v Mr1BeL5zslg Bogota rail Bogota rail pictures Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bogota rail amp oldid 1138058545, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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