Blue Stream is a major trans-Black Sea gas pipeline that carries natural gas to Turkey from Russia. The pipeline has been constructed by the Blue Stream Pipeline B.V., the Netherlands based joint venture of RussianGazprom and ItalianEni. The Blue Stream Pipeline B.V. is an owner of the subsea section of pipeline, including Beregovaya compressor station, while Gazprom owns and operates the Russian land section of the pipeline and the Turkish land section is owned and operated by the Turkish energy company BOTAŞ. According to Gazprom the pipeline was built with the intent of diversifying Russian gas delivery routes to Turkey and avoiding third countries.
Preparations of the pipeline project started in 1997.[1] In 1997, Gazprom and BOTAŞ signed a 25-year gas sale contract.[2] One of the political goals of the Blue Stream project was to block the path of rival countries aiming to use the territory of Turkey to bring gas from the Caspian area to Europe.[3]
The construction of the Russian land section took place in 2001–2002 and the offshore section in 2001–2002.[4] The offshore section of the pipeline was built by Italian constructor Saipem and the Russian onshore section by Stroytransgaz, a subsidiary of Gazprom.[5] The offshore pipe was laid by the pipe-laying vessel Saipem 7000.[6] Gas flows from Russia to Turkey started in February 2003.[7] However, because of the price dispute between Russia and Turkey, the official inauguration ceremony at the Durusu gas metering station took place only on 17 November 2005.[1][8] Attending the inauguration were Russian President Vladimir Putin, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.
Blue Stream full capacity is 16 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year.[9] Total length of the pipeline is 1,213 kilometres (754 mi). The Russia's land section is 373 kilometres (232 mi) long from the Izobilnoye gas plant, Stavropol Krai, up to Arkhipo-Osipovka, Krasnodar Krai. The land section consists of the Stavropolskaya and Krasnodarskaya compressor stations. The offshore section is 396 kilometres (246 mi) long laying from the Beregovaya compressor station in Arkhipo-Osipovka to the Durusu terminal locating 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Samsun (Turkey). Turkey's land section is 444 kilometres (276 mi) long up to Ankara.[citation needed]
The pipeline uses pipes with different diameters: mainland section 1,400 millimetres (55 in), mountainous section 1,200 millimetres (47 in) and submarine section 610 millimetres (24 in). The gas pressure in submarine section is 25 MPa (250 atm). Being laid in depths as low as 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi), it is considered among the deepest subsea pipelines of this diameter.[10]
Operations
Gas from Blue Stream started to flow in February 2003, and the pipeline delivered 1.3 bcm to BOTAŞ in 2003.[11] Gas flows have progressively increased towards the pipeline's capacity of 16 bcm per year. From 2010 to 2014, supplies averaged 14.1 bcm per year, with a high point of 14.7 bcm in 2012.[12][13]
Contracts
The contract signed in 1997 was for 365 bcm total.[2] A BOTAŞ contract for 5.75 bcm a year expires at the end of 2025,[14][2] thus all 16 bcm expires end 2025.[15]: 22
Blue Stream 2
Blue Stream 2 was first proposed in 2002. In 2005, Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan discussed building a second line, and an expansion of the Blue Stream by the Samsun-Ceyhan link and by branch to southeast Europe. This second pipeline, and extension of it up through Bulgaria, Serbia and Croatia to western Hungary was suggested after five countries planned to construct the Nabucco Pipeline from Turkey to Central and Western Europe. However, this expansion was replaced by the South Stream project, which proposed laying subsea pipeline directly from Russia to Bulgaria, which in turn was later replaced by TurkStream. In 2009, Russian prime minister Putin proposed a line parallel to Blue Stream 1 under the Black Sea, and further from Samsun to Ceyhan. From Ceyhan natural gas would have been transported to Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Cyprus.[3] The export to Israel would have been through the proposed Ceyhan-Ashkelon subsea pipeline.[16]
^ENI, " ENI Fact Book 2003, p. 41. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
^Gazprom, Blue Stream Pipeline 2014-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved August 10, 2015.
^International Energy Agency, European Gas Trade Flows, Retrieved August 2015.
^Gas Supply Changes in Turkey(PDF). Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. 2018. p. 8. (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
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This article is about the major trans Black Sea gas pipeline For other uses see Blue Stream disambiguation Blue Stream is a major trans Black Sea gas pipeline that carries natural gas to Turkey from Russia The pipeline has been constructed by the Blue Stream Pipeline B V the Netherlands based joint venture of Russian Gazprom and Italian Eni The Blue Stream Pipeline B V is an owner of the subsea section of pipeline including Beregovaya compressor station while Gazprom owns and operates the Russian land section of the pipeline and the Turkish land section is owned and operated by the Turkish energy company BOTAS According to Gazprom the pipeline was built with the intent of diversifying Russian gas delivery routes to Turkey and avoiding third countries Blue StreamLocation of Blue StreamLocationCountryRussia TurkeyGeneral directionnorth southFromIzobilny gas plant Stavropol Krai RussiaPasses throughBeregovaya compressor station Black Sea Durusu terminalToAnkara TurkeyGeneral informationTypenatural gasPartnersGazprom Eni BOTASOperatorGazprom Blue Stream Pipeline B V BOTASCommissioned2005Technical informationLength1 213 km 754 mi Maximum discharge16 billion cubic metres per year Contents 1 History 2 Technical features 3 Operations 4 Contracts 5 Blue Stream 2 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistory EditPreparations of the pipeline project started in 1997 1 In 1997 Gazprom and BOTAS signed a 25 year gas sale contract 2 One of the political goals of the Blue Stream project was to block the path of rival countries aiming to use the territory of Turkey to bring gas from the Caspian area to Europe 3 The construction of the Russian land section took place in 2001 2002 and the offshore section in 2001 2002 4 The offshore section of the pipeline was built by Italian constructor Saipem and the Russian onshore section by Stroytransgaz a subsidiary of Gazprom 5 The offshore pipe was laid by the pipe laying vessel Saipem 7000 6 Gas flows from Russia to Turkey started in February 2003 7 However because of the price dispute between Russia and Turkey the official inauguration ceremony at the Durusu gas metering station took place only on 17 November 2005 1 8 Attending the inauguration were Russian President Vladimir Putin Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi Recep Tayyip Erdogan Vladimir Putin and Silvio Berlusconi at the opening of the Blue Stream gas pipeline in November 2005Technical features EditBlue Stream full capacity is 16 billion cubic meters bcm of natural gas per year 9 Total length of the pipeline is 1 213 kilometres 754 mi The Russia s land section is 373 kilometres 232 mi long from the Izobilnoye gas plant Stavropol Krai up to Arkhipo Osipovka Krasnodar Krai The land section consists of the Stavropolskaya and Krasnodarskaya compressor stations The offshore section is 396 kilometres 246 mi long laying from the Beregovaya compressor station in Arkhipo Osipovka to the Durusu terminal locating 60 kilometres 37 mi from Samsun Turkey Turkey s land section is 444 kilometres 276 mi long up to Ankara citation needed The pipeline uses pipes with different diameters mainland section 1 400 millimetres 55 in mountainous section 1 200 millimetres 47 in and submarine section 610 millimetres 24 in The gas pressure in submarine section is 25 MPa 250 atm Being laid in depths as low as 2 2 kilometres 1 4 mi it is considered among the deepest subsea pipelines of this diameter 10 Operations EditGas from Blue Stream started to flow in February 2003 and the pipeline delivered 1 3 bcm to BOTAS in 2003 11 Gas flows have progressively increased towards the pipeline s capacity of 16 bcm per year From 2010 to 2014 supplies averaged 14 1 bcm per year with a high point of 14 7 bcm in 2012 12 13 Contracts EditThe contract signed in 1997 was for 365 bcm total 2 A BOTAS contract for 5 75 bcm a year expires at the end of 2025 14 2 thus all 16 bcm expires end 2025 15 22 Blue Stream 2 EditBlue Stream 2 was first proposed in 2002 In 2005 Vladimir Putin and Recep Tayyip Erdogan discussed building a second line and an expansion of the Blue Stream by the Samsun Ceyhan link and by branch to southeast Europe This second pipeline and extension of it up through Bulgaria Serbia and Croatia to western Hungary was suggested after five countries planned to construct the Nabucco Pipeline from Turkey to Central and Western Europe However this expansion was replaced by the South Stream project which proposed laying subsea pipeline directly from Russia to Bulgaria which in turn was later replaced by TurkStream In 2009 Russian prime minister Putin proposed a line parallel to Blue Stream 1 under the Black Sea and further from Samsun to Ceyhan From Ceyhan natural gas would have been transported to Syria Lebanon Israel and Cyprus 3 The export to Israel would have been through the proposed Ceyhan Ashkelon subsea pipeline 16 See also Edit Energy portal Russia portal Engineering portal Transport portal Economy portalSouth Stream Nabucco Pipeline Trans Caspian Gas Pipeline South Caucasus PipelineReferences Edit a b Economic Brief The Blue Stream Gas Pipeline The Power and Interest News Report PINR 2005 11 22 Archived from the original on 2007 07 02 Retrieved 2008 05 31 a b c Russia s Gazprom Export Signs New 4 Year Gas Supply Deal with Turkey s BOTAS caspiannews com Retrieved 2022 10 22 a b Vladimir Socor 2009 08 11 Gazprom Turkey Revive and Reconfigure Blue Stream Two Eurasia Daily Monitor The Jamestown Foundation Retrieved 2009 08 30 Gazprom boosts Blue Stream flows Upstream Online NHST Media Group 2006 09 14 subscription required Retrieved 2008 05 31 Spring in Saipem s step Upstream Online NHST Media Group 2002 11 12 subscription required Retrieved 2008 05 31 Blue Stream on course Upstream Online NHST Media Group 2001 10 18 subscription required Retrieved 2008 05 31 Blue Stream gas starts flowing Upstream Online NHST Media Group 2003 02 20 subscription required Retrieved 2008 05 31 Blue Stream stalemate Upstream Online NHST Media Group 2003 07 11 subscription required Retrieved 2008 05 31 The Blue Stream Pipeline Project Europe Hydrocarbons Technology www hydrocarbons technology com Retrieved 2022 10 22 Proekt Goluboj potok Blue Stream Project in Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation 2005 11 18 Archived from the original on 2007 06 29 Retrieved 2009 11 11 ENI ENI Fact Book 2003 p 41 Retrieved August 10 2015 Gazprom Blue Stream Pipeline Archived 2014 10 30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved August 10 2015 International Energy Agency European Gas Trade Flows Retrieved August 2015 Gas Supply Changes in Turkey PDF Oxford Institute for Energy Studies 2018 p 8 Archived PDF from the original on 12 January 2021 Retrieved 3 January 2020 Turkey s supply demand balance and renewal of its LTCs Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Retrieved 2022 10 22 Israel sets sights on Russian gas Upstream Online NHST Media Group 2007 02 08 subscription required Retrieved 2008 05 31 Further reading EditOksana Gavshina The Turkish Gambit Nezavisimaya Gazeta 21 November 2005External links Edit 1 Gazprom websiteBlue Stream on Global Energy Monitor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blue Stream amp oldid 1117573576, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
