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Cedrus atlantica

January 01, 1970

This article is about the tree species. For Blue Cedar radar, see Radar, Anti-Aircraft No. 3 Mk. 7.

Cedrus atlantica, the Atlas cedar, is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae, native to the Rif and Atlas Mountains of Morocco (Middle Atlas, High Atlas), and to the Tell Atlas in Algeria.[2] A majority of the modern sources[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] treat it as a distinct species Cedrus atlantica, but some sources[11][12] consider it a subspecies of Lebanon cedar (C. libani subsp. atlantica).

Cedrus atlantica
Atlas cedar (Ifrane, Morocco)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Cedrus
Species:
C. atlantica
Binomial name
Cedrus atlantica
(Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière
Distribution map
Synonyms

C. libani subsp. atlantica (Endl.) Batt. & Trab.

Description edit

 
Cedrus atlantica foliage and mature female cone
 
Male cones beginning to shed pollen

Fully grown, Atlas cedar is a large coniferous evergreen tree, 30 to 35 m (98 to 115 ft) (rarely 40 m) tall, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 to 2 m (4.9 to 6.6 ft). It is very similar in all characters to the other varieties of Lebanon cedar; differences are hard to discern. The mean cone size tends to be somewhat smaller (although recorded to 12 cm,[2] only rarely over 9 cm long, compared to up to 10 cm in C. brevifolia, and 12 cm in C. libani), though with considerable overlap (all can be as short as 6 cm). The Cedrus atlantica leaf length (10–25 mm) is similar that of C. libani subsp. stenocoma, on average longer than C. brevifolia and shorter than C. libani subsp. libani, but again with considerable overlap.[2][8][13]

Ecology edit

Atlas cedar form forests on mountainsides at 1,170 to 2,200 m (3,840 to 7,220 ft), often in pure forests, or mixed with Algerian fir - Abies numidica, Juniperus oxycedrus, holm oak - Quercus ilex, and Acer opalus. These forests can provide habitat for the endangered Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), a primate that had a prehistorically much wider distribution in northern Morocco and Algeria.[14]

Currently, Morocco has the highest total surface of Atlas cedar in the world, and it forms vast forests in the humid zones of the country, around the Middle-Atlas range, the oriental and Northern High-Atlas range, and in the Western and Central Rif mountain range. The current total area is around 163,000 hectares, of which around 115,000 hectares (80%) are situated in the Middle-Atlas mountains. The species is in danger from human use, wood harvesting and fires. Data that go back to 1927 show higher number of Atlas cedars (more than 150,000 hectares) in the Middle-Atlas mountains only. The Rif mountains had one of the largest cedar forests in the past, but forests nowadays are much smaller, 15% of the total cedar forests in Morocco. Recently massive reforestation campaigns have taken place in the region of Ifrane Province.[citation needed]

In Algeria, the Atlas cedar has been in significant decline. According to data from 1966 the species inhabited 23,000 hectares, forming forests around the Djurdjura Mountains in Kabylie and Aures Mountains. However, it is expected that it currently inhabits fewer than 15,000 hectares owing to extensive fires and human use.

Cultivation and uses edit

 
An old Cedrus atlantica tree in the Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Landscape edit

C. atlantica is common in cultivation as an ornamental tree in temperate climates. In garden settings, often the glaucous forms are planted as ornamental trees, distinguished as the Glauca group, a cultivar group. Also, fastigiate, pendulous, and golden-leaf forms are in cultivation. The Atlas cedar is useful in cultivation because it is more tolerant of dry and hot conditions than most conifers.[citation needed]

Many of the cultivated trees have glaucous (bluish) foliage, more downy shoots, and can have more leaves in each whorl; young trees in cultivation often have more ascending branches than many cultivated C. atlantica specimens.[15]

In the UK the following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[16]

  • ’Aurea' (golden Atlas cedar)[17]
  • ’Glauca' (Glauca Group)[18]
  • ’Glauca Pendula' (Glauca Group)[19]

An Atlas cedar is planted at the White House South Lawn in Washington, DC. President Carter ordered a tree house built within the cedar for his daughter Amy. The wooden structure was designed by the President himself, and is self-supporting so as not to cause damage to the tree.[20]

Forestry edit

 
A C. atlantica glauca (Blue Atlas cedar) at the Orland E. White Research Arboretum in Virginia, United States

Cedar plantations, mainly with C. atlantica, have been established in southern France for timber production.[citation needed]

References edit

  1. ^ Thomas, P. (2013). "Cedrus atlantica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42303A2970716. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42303A2970716.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Gaussen, H. (1964). Genre Cedrus. Les Formes Actuelles. Trav. Lab. For. Toulouse T2 V1 11: 295-320
  3. ^ Gymnosperm database Cedrus.
  4. ^ GRIN Taxonomy for Plants Cedrus 2009-01-20 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ NCBI Taxonomy Browser Cedrus.
  6. ^ Flora of China vol. 4
  7. ^ Qiao, C.-Y., Jin-Hua Ran, Yan Li and Xiao-Quan Wang (2007): Phylogeny and Biogeography of Cedrus (Pinaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Seven Paternal Chloroplast and Maternal Mitochondrial DNA Regions. Annals of Botany 100(3):573-580. Available online[dead link]
  8. ^ a b Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
  9. ^ Farjon, A. (2008). A Natural History of Conifers. Timber Press ISBN 0-88192-869-0.
  10. ^ Christou, K. A. (1991). The genetic and taxonomic status of Cyprus cedar, Cedrus brevifolia (Hook.) Henry. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece.
  11. ^ Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (ed.). 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11 (Supplement 2): 5–6. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1409-5
  12. ^ Eckenwalder, J. E. (2009). Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference. Timber Press ISBN 0-88192-974-3.
  13. ^ Schwarz, O. (1944). Anatolica. Feddes Repertorium 54: 26-34.
  14. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg August 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Walters, W. M. (1986). European Garden Flora Vol 1. ISBN 0-521-24859-0.
  16. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  17. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus atlantica 'Aurea'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  18. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus atlantica (Glauca Group) 'Glauca'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  19. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus atlantica (Glauca Group) 'Glauca Pendula'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  20. ^ . Archived from the original on 2009-05-02. Retrieved 2009-04-15.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cedrus libani subsp. atlantica.
  • Gymnosperm Database - Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar) description
  • PFAF Plant Database: Cedrus atlantica Atlas deodar cedar
  • Cedrus atlantica - genetic conservation units European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)

January 01, 1970
cedrus, atlantica, this, article, about, tree, species, blue, cedar, radar, radar, anti, aircraft, atlas, cedar, species, tree, pine, family, pinaceae, native, atlas, mountains, morocco, middle, atlas, high, atlas, tell, atlas, algeria, majority, modern, sourc. This article is about the tree species For Blue Cedar radar see Radar Anti Aircraft No 3 Mk 7 Cedrus atlantica the Atlas cedar is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae native to the Rif and Atlas Mountains of Morocco Middle Atlas High Atlas and to the Tell Atlas in Algeria 2 A majority of the modern sources 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 treat it as a distinct species Cedrus atlantica but some sources 11 12 consider it a subspecies of Lebanon cedar C libani subsp atlantica Cedrus atlantica Atlas cedar Ifrane Morocco Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Gymnospermae Division Pinophyta Class Pinopsida Order Pinales Family Pinaceae Genus Cedrus Species C atlantica Binomial name Cedrus atlantica Endl Manetti ex Carriere Distribution map Synonyms C libani subsp atlantica Endl Batt amp Trab Contents 1 Description 2 Ecology 3 Cultivation and uses 3 1 Landscape 3 2 Forestry 4 References 5 External linksDescription edit nbsp Cedrus atlantica foliage and mature female cone nbsp Male cones beginning to shed pollen Fully grown Atlas cedar is a large coniferous evergreen tree 30 to 35 m 98 to 115 ft rarely 40 m tall with a trunk diameter of 1 5 to 2 m 4 9 to 6 6 ft It is very similar in all characters to the other varieties of Lebanon cedar differences are hard to discern The mean cone size tends to be somewhat smaller although recorded to 12 cm 2 only rarely over 9 cm long compared to up to 10 cm in C brevifolia and 12 cm in C libani though with considerable overlap all can be as short as 6 cm The Cedrus atlantica leaf length 10 25 mm is similar that of C libani subsp stenocoma on average longer than C brevifolia and shorter than C libani subsp libani but again with considerable overlap 2 8 13 Ecology editAtlas cedar form forests on mountainsides at 1 170 to 2 200 m 3 840 to 7 220 ft often in pure forests or mixed with Algerian fir Abies numidica Juniperus oxycedrus holm oak Quercus ilex and Acer opalus These forests can provide habitat for the endangered Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus a primate that had a prehistorically much wider distribution in northern Morocco and Algeria 14 Currently Morocco has the highest total surface of Atlas cedar in the world and it forms vast forests in the humid zones of the country around the Middle Atlas range the oriental and Northern High Atlas range and in the Western and Central Rif mountain range The current total area is around 163 000 hectares of which around 115 000 hectares 80 are situated in the Middle Atlas mountains The species is in danger from human use wood harvesting and fires Data that go back to 1927 show higher number of Atlas cedars more than 150 000 hectares in the Middle Atlas mountains only The Rif mountains had one of the largest cedar forests in the past but forests nowadays are much smaller 15 of the total cedar forests in Morocco Recently massive reforestation campaigns have taken place in the region of Ifrane Province citation needed In Algeria the Atlas cedar has been in significant decline According to data from 1966 the species inhabited 23 000 hectares forming forests around the Djurdjura Mountains in Kabylie and Aures Mountains However it is expected that it currently inhabits fewer than 15 000 hectares owing to extensive fires and human use Cultivation and uses edit nbsp An old Cedrus atlantica tree in the Atlas Mountains Morocco Landscape edit C atlantica is common in cultivation as an ornamental tree in temperate climates In garden settings often the glaucous forms are planted as ornamental trees distinguished as the Glauca group a cultivar group Also fastigiate pendulous and golden leaf forms are in cultivation The Atlas cedar is useful in cultivation because it is more tolerant of dry and hot conditions than most conifers citation needed Many of the cultivated trees have glaucous bluish foliage more downy shoots and can have more leaves in each whorl young trees in cultivation often have more ascending branches than many cultivated C atlantica specimens 15 In the UK the following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit confirmed 2017 16 Aurea golden Atlas cedar 17 Glauca Glauca Group 18 Glauca Pendula Glauca Group 19 An Atlas cedar is planted at the White House South Lawn in Washington DC President Carter ordered a tree house built within the cedar for his daughter Amy The wooden structure was designed by the President himself and is self supporting so as not to cause damage to the tree 20 Forestry edit nbsp A C atlantica glauca Blue Atlas cedar at the Orland E White Research Arboretum in Virginia United States Cedar plantations mainly with C atlantica have been established in southern France for timber production citation needed References edit Thomas P 2013 Cedrus atlantica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T42303A2970716 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T42303A2970716 en Retrieved 18 November 2021 a b c Gaussen H 1964 Genre Cedrus Les Formes Actuelles Trav Lab For Toulouse T2 V1 11 295 320 Gymnosperm database Cedrus GRIN Taxonomy for Plants Cedrus Archived 2009 01 20 at the Wayback Machine NCBI Taxonomy Browser Cedrus Flora of China vol 4 Qiao C Y Jin Hua Ran Yan Li and Xiao Quan Wang 2007 Phylogeny and Biogeography of Cedrus Pinaceae Inferred from Sequences of Seven Paternal Chloroplast and Maternal Mitochondrial DNA Regions Annals of Botany 100 3 573 580 Available online dead link a b Farjon A 1990 Pinaceae Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3 87429 298 3 Farjon A 2008 A Natural History of Conifers Timber Press ISBN 0 88192 869 0 Christou K A 1991 The genetic and taxonomic status of Cyprus cedar Cedrus brevifolia Hook Henry Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania Greece Guner A Ozhatay N Ekim T amp Baser K H C ed 2000 Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11 Supplement 2 5 6 Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 1409 5 Eckenwalder J E 2009 Conifers of the World The Complete Reference Timber Press ISBN 0 88192 974 3 Schwarz O 1944 Anatolica Feddes Repertorium 54 26 34 C Michael Hogan 2008 Barbary Macaque Macaca sylvanus GlobalTwitcher com ed N Stromberg Archived August 31 2009 at the Wayback Machine Walters W M 1986 European Garden Flora Vol 1 ISBN 0 521 24859 0 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 16 Retrieved 24 January 2018 RHS Plantfinder Cedrus atlantica Aurea Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 RHS Plantfinder Cedrus atlantica Glauca Group Glauca Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 RHS Plantfinder Cedrus atlantica Glauca Group Glauca Pendula Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 The White House Historical Association gt Picturing the President s House Archived from the original on 2009 05 02 Retrieved 2009 04 15 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cedrus libani subsp atlantica uconn edu Cedrus atlantica profile and gallery Gymnosperm Database Cedrus atlantica Atlas cedar description PFAF Plant Database Cedrus atlantica Atlas deodar cedar Cedrus atlantica genetic conservation units European Forest Genetic Resources Programme EUFORGEN Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cedrus atlantica amp oldid 1188142066, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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