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Björn Ironside

January 04, 2023

Björn Ironside,[a] according to Norse legends, was a Norse Viking chief and Swedish king. According to the 12th- and 13th-century Scandinavian histories, he was the son of notorious Viking king Ragnar Lodbrok and lived in the 9th century, between 855 and 858.[1] Björn Ironside is said to have been the first ruler of the Swedish Munsö dynasty. In the early 18th century, a barrow on the island of Munsö was claimed by antiquarians to be Björn Järnsidas hög or Björn Ironside's barrow.[2][3]

The barrow of Björn Ironside (Swedish: Björn Järnsidas hög) on the island of Munsö, Ekerö, in lake Mälaren, Sweden. The barrow crowned by a stone containing the fragmented Uppland Runic Inscription 13.
This runestone, crowns the barrow of Björn Ironside in Uppland, Sweden. The stone is a fragment; broken pieces of the stone lie next to it.

Medieval sources refer to Björn Ironside's sons and grandsons, including Erik Björnsson and Björn at Haugi.[4] Icelandic sagas claim that Björn was the ancestor of the house of Munsö, the line of kings that ruled in Sweden until c. 1060.

Björn in Frankish sources

Main article: Bjørn (fl. 856–858)

"Berno" was a powerful Viking chieftain and naval commander. He appears in contemporary sources such as Annales Bertiniani and the Chronicon Fontanellense. He is first mentioned in the summer of 855. The oldest text that details his origins is the Norman history of William of Jumièges (c. 1070). According to William, the Danes had a custom of requiring the younger sons of kings to leave the kingdom, to reinforce the king's authority; thus, after Ragnar Lodbrok became king, he ordered Björn to leave his realm. Björn left Denmark with a considerable fleet and started to ravage in West Francia.[5] The contemporary annals show that he cooperated with another Viking called Sigtrygg and sailed up the Seine in 855, from which his and Sigtrygg's forces raided the inland. Their combined forces were beaten in Champagne by Charles the Bald of West Francia in the same year, but not decisively.[6] Sigtrygg withdrew in the next year, but Björn received reinforcement from another Viking army and could not be expelled from the Seine area. He and his men took up winter quarters at the so-called Givold's Grave, which served as base for an assault against Paris, which was plundered around the new year 856–857.[7] Björn constructed a fortification on the island Oissel above Rouen which he kept as his stronghold for years.[8] He certainly swore fealty to Charles the Bald in Verberie in 858 but it is not clear if he kept his pledge. King Charles eventually resolved to meet the unruly Seine Vikings with all his available forces and besieged Oissel in July. The siege failed badly, for the pirates defended the fortification with vigour.[9] Moreover, Charles's brother Louis the German of East Francia invaded his lands and many vassals fell from him.[10] Thus the siege was broken off in September.[11]

After Björn's meeting with Charles in Verberie his name is not found in contemporary sources. However, the Viking warriors in the Seine continued their raids during the following years and even plundered Paris again in 861. In his despair Charles the Bald tried to use another Viking chief, Veland, whose men operated in the Somme region, to attack the Seine Vikings at Oissel. However, this scheme backfired since the two Viking armies made a deal and united their forces.[12] The Norsemen were encamped by the lower Seine in 861–862, but then split again. Veland agreed to become a Christian and joined royal service, while the Seine Vikings went to sea. Some of them joined the fighting between the ruler of Bretagne and some Frankish counts.[13]

Expedition to the Mediterranean

A number of Frankish, Norman, Arab, Scandinavian and Irish sources mention a large Viking raid into the Mediterranean in 859–861, co-led by Hastein, Björn Ironside and possibly one or more of his brothers. After raiding down the Iberian coast and fighting their way through Gibraltar, the Norsemen pillaged the south of France, where the fleet stayed over winter, before landing in Italy where they captured the city of Pisa.[14] Flush with this victory and others around the Mediterranean (including in Sicily and North Africa) during the Mediterranean expedition, the Vikings are recorded to have lost 40 ships to a storm. They returned to the Straits of Gibraltar and, at the coast of Medina-Sidonia, lost 2 ships to fire catapults in a surprise raid by Andalusian forces, leaving only 20 ships intact. The remnants of the fleet came back to French waters in 862. Björn Ironside was the leader of the expedition according to the later chronicle of William of Jumièges. The early 11th century Fragmentary Annals of Ireland say that two sons of Ragnall mac Albdan, a chief who had been expelled from Lochlann by his brothers and stayed in the Orkney Islands, headed the enterprise.[15]

William of Jumièges refers to Björn as Bier Costae ferreae (Ironside) who was Lotbroci regis filio (son of King Lodbrok).[16] William's account of the Mediterranean expedition centers around Björn's foster-father Hastein. The two Vikings conducted many (mostly successful) raids in France. Later on Hastein got the idea to make Björn the new Roman Emperor and led a large Viking raid into the Mediterranean together with his protégée. They proceeded inland to the town of Luni, which they believed to be Rome at the time, but were unable to breach the town walls. To gain entry a tricky plan was devised: Hastein sent messengers to the bishop to say that, being deathly ill, he had a deathbed conversion and wished to receive Christian sacraments and/or to be buried on consecrated ground within their church. He was brought into the chapel with a small honor guard, then surprised the dismayed clerics by leaping from his stretcher. The Viking party then hacked its way to the town gates, which were promptly opened letting the rest of the army in. When they realised that Luni was not Rome, Björn and Hastein wished to investigate this city but changed their minds when they heard that the Romans were well prepared for defense. After returning to West Europe, the two men parted company. Björn was shipwrecked at the English coast and barely survived. He then went to Frisia where William says he died.[17] There are some historical challenges with this account. Hastein appears in the contemporary sources later than Björn, and in order to be his foster-father would have been around his 80s when he died. That is certainly possible, citing the fact that their contemporaries, the Viking Rollo and King Harald Fairhair of Norway lived comparable lifespans. Luni is also known to have been plundered by Saracens.[18]

The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok and Tale of Ragnar's Sons

The story of Björn and his brothers, the sons of the Scandinavian king Ragnar Lodbrok, was retold in different versions throughout the Middle Ages. The Tale of Ragnar's Sons (Ragnarssona þáttr) is an Icelandic Fornaldar Saga from about the 14th century that combines traditional Norse oral history with legendary themes. It states that Björn was the son of Ragnar and Aslaug[19][20] and that his brothers were Hvitserk, Ivar the Boneless, and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. The tale also tells of Björn's half-brothers Eric and Agnar.

The saga portrays Ragnar as the overlord of large parts of Sweden and possibly even Denmark. While he was still alive, Björn and his brothers left Sweden to conquer Zealand, Reidgotaland (here Jutland), Gotland, Öland and all the minor islands. They then settled at Lejre in Zealand, Denmark with Ivar the Boneless as their leader.

Ragnar's sons Eric and Agnar then sailed into Lake Mälaren and sent a message to the Swedish King Eysteinn, a vassal of Ragnar, that they wanted him to submit to Ragnar's sons. Moreover, Eric said that he wanted Eysteinn's daughter Borghild as wife. Eysteinn said that he first wanted to consult the Swedish chieftains. The chieftains said no to the offer, and ordered an attack on the rebellious sons. A battle ensued and Eric and Agnar were overwhelmed by the Swedish forces, whereupon Agnar died and Eric was taken prisoner.

Eysteinn offered Eric as much of Uppsala öd as he wanted, and Borghild, in wergild for Agnar. Eric proclaimed that after such a defeat he wanted nothing but to choose the day of his own death. Eric asked to be impaled on spears that raised him above the dead and his wish was granted. In Zealand, Björn, Aslaug and Hvitserk, who had been playing tafl, became upset and sailed to Sweden with a large army. Aslaug rode with cavalry across the land. In a great battle they killed Eysteinn.

According to the saga, their father Ragnar was captured and killed by King Ælla in England after a foolhardy invasion attempt. Björn and his brothers, seeking revenge, attacked Ælla but were beaten back. As Ivar realised that the English king could not be defeated right away, he sought reconciliation. He only asked for as much land as he could cover with an ox's hide and swore never to wage war against Ælla. Then Ivar cut the ox's hide into such fine strands that he could envelop a large fortress (in an older saga it was York and according to a younger saga it was London) which he could take as his own. Ivar made himself popular in England and asked his brothers to attack again. During the battle Ivar sided with his brothers and so did many of the English chieftains with their people, in loyalty to Ivar. Ælla was taken captive and in revenge they carved the blood eagle on him.

Later Björn and his brothers pillaged in England, Normandy, France, and Lombardy, until they came to the town Luna in Italy. When they came back to Scandinavia, they divided the kingdom so that Björn Ironside took Uppsala and Sweden.[21]

Other sources

The partly legendary Danish chronicle of Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum (c. 1200), is the first text to mention Björn Ironside as a King of Sweden. According to Saxo, Ragnar Lodbrok had a quarrel with the recently elevated ruler of the Swedes, Sörle. He therefore invaded the Swedish lands in company with his sons Björn, Fridleif and Radbard. Before battle had broken out, the opposing sides agreed to settle the matter through a combat. Ragnar and his three sons met the renowned champion Starkad and his seven sons in the sight of the two armies. "Björn, having inflicted great slaughter on the foe without hurt to himself, gained from the strength of his sides, which were like iron, a perpetual name [i.e., Ironside]". Ragnar and his sons slew their eight opponents, after which their troops fell on Sörle and his army and annihilated them. Ragnar then "presented Björn with the lordship of Sweden for his conspicuous bravery and service." Later on, another son of Ragnar, Ubbe, colluded with his maternal grandfather Esbjörn and conspired against Ragnar. Esbjörn sent envoys to Björn in Sweden to drum up support for a rebellion, but Björn refused to listen. Instead, he hanged the envoys while their party were slaughtered by the Swedes. Shortly afterwards Esbjörn was slain in a sea battle, and Ubbe was captured after a heroic resistance. In due time Ragnar appointed Björn regent of Norway, while Sweden was handed over to another son, Eric Weatherhat. After the death of Ragnar, Björn and his brothers attacked Ella in England with 400 ships and killed him. He then went back to his Swedish kingdom, but intervened in Denmark when the Danes rose against the rule of Ragnar's sons. With a fleet of 1,700 ships, he and his brothers crushed the insurgents at Slesvig. This is the last we hear about Björn Ironside in the Gesta Danorum.[22]

The Hervarar saga from the 13th century tells that Eysteinn Beli was killed by Björn and his brothers as told in Ragnar Lodbrok's saga, and they conquered all of Sweden. When Ragnar died Björn Ironside inherited Sweden. He had two sons, Refil and Erik Björnsson, who became the next king of Sweden.[4]

Anglo-Saxon and Irish sources suggest that the Danish invasion of England after 865 was led by three brothers called Ingvar (i.e. Ivar), Ubbe and Halfdan who, judging from the Irish Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib, were sons of a Ragnall (Ragnar or a similar name).[23] Björn is not mentioned in this context, but later Norman tradition suggests that he may have been a brother.[16] According to William of Jumièges he died in Frisia, which also had an association with the invaders of England. Ubbe is sometimes labeled the "Frisian Jarl" and the invaders are occasionally called Scaldingi (men from Schelde). The kingships of Björn is at times historically problematic since it is not supported by older sources and presents insurmountable chronological inconsistencies.[24]

In fiction

A principal character in the History television series Vikings, played as a young boy by Nathan O'Toole and through adulthood by Alexander Ludwig, is loosely based on the historical character and portrayed as the son of Lagertha, rather than of Aslaug. According to the lore, Björn is not the eldest son, while in the show he is the eldest of all the sons of Ragnar.[25]

In the novel Monster by Michael Grant, one character, Armo, mentions that he's descended from "Björn Ironside, a very badass Viking".

See also

Notes

  1. ^
  1. ^ Chronicon Fontanellense, Anno 855, 856 [1] 3 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine; Annales de Saint Bertin, Anno 856, 858 [2]
  2. ^ Lagerquist 1997:24
  3. ^ Carl Bernadotte et al. (1956), Sveriges hundra konungar. Stockholm: Biblioteksböcker, p. 81. This work dates Björn's reign in Sweden in c. 785–800 on the assumption that an early Swedish king was mixed up with a later Viking chief.
  4. ^ a b The Saga of King Heidrik the Wise, p. 60
  5. ^ Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des ducs de Normandie, p. 11-3
  6. ^ . Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  7. ^ Annales de Saint Bertin, Anno 856, 857
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  9. ^ Annales de Saint Bertin, Anno 858
  10. ^ Die Jahrbücher von Fulda, Anno 858 [3], p. 29.
  11. ^ Gustav Storm (1877), Historisk Tidskrift II:1, p. 407
  12. ^ Annales de Saint Bertin, Anno 861
  13. ^ Annales de Saint Bertin, Anno 862
  14. ^ Annales de Saint Bertin, Anno 859, 860
  15. ^ Gustav Storm (1877), Historisk Tidskrift II:1, p. 420
  16. ^ a b Kings and kingship in Viking Northumbria, by Rory McTurk (University of Leeds) 26 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ Guillaume de Jumièges, Histoire des ducs de Normandie, p. 20
  18. ^ Gustav Storm (1877), Historisk Tidskrift II:1
  19. ^ "The Saga of Ragnar Lodrok and his Sons". Translated by Tunstall, Peter. 2005.
  20. ^ Peter August Gödecke in Sagan om Ragnar Lodbrok och hans söner Norstedts Stockholm 1880 p. 24
  21. ^ The Tale of Ragnar's Sons
  22. ^ Saxo Grammaticus, The Danish History, Book IX
  23. ^ Alfred P. Smyth (1977), Scandinavian kings in the British Isles. Oxford.
  24. ^ Gustav Storm (1877), Historisk Tidskrift II:1. p. 426, 477–8
  25. ^ "Bjorn Ironside, Ragnar Lothbrok's Son - Mythologian.Net". mythologian.net. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Björn Ironside
Legendary titles
Preceded by Semi-legendary king of Sweden Succeeded by

Bibliography

  • Lagerquist, Lars O. (1997). Sveriges Regenter, från forntid till nutid. Norstedts, Stockholm. ISBN 91-1-963882-5

January 04, 2023
björn, ironside, according, norse, legends, norse, viking, chief, swedish, king, according, 12th, 13th, century, scandinavian, histories, notorious, viking, king, ragnar, lodbrok, lived, century, between, said, have, been, first, ruler, swedish, munsö, dynasty. Bjorn Ironside a according to Norse legends was a Norse Viking chief and Swedish king According to the 12th and 13th century Scandinavian histories he was the son of notorious Viking king Ragnar Lodbrok and lived in the 9th century between 855 and 858 1 Bjorn Ironside is said to have been the first ruler of the Swedish Munso dynasty In the early 18th century a barrow on the island of Munso was claimed by antiquarians to be Bjorn Jarnsidas hog or Bjorn Ironside s barrow 2 3 The barrow of Bjorn Ironside Swedish Bjorn Jarnsidas hog on the island of Munso Ekero in lake Malaren Sweden The barrow crowned by a stone containing the fragmented Uppland Runic Inscription 13 This runestone crowns the barrow of Bjorn Ironside in Uppland Sweden The stone is a fragment broken pieces of the stone lie next to it Medieval sources refer to Bjorn Ironside s sons and grandsons including Erik Bjornsson and Bjorn at Haugi 4 Icelandic sagas claim that Bjorn was the ancestor of the house of Munso the line of kings that ruled in Sweden until c 1060 Contents 1 Bjorn in Frankish sources 2 Expedition to the Mediterranean 3 The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok and Tale of Ragnar s Sons 4 Other sources 5 In fiction 6 See also 7 Notes 8 BibliographyBjorn in Frankish sources EditMain article Bjorn fl 856 858 Berno was a powerful Viking chieftain and naval commander He appears in contemporary sources such as Annales Bertiniani and the Chronicon Fontanellense He is first mentioned in the summer of 855 The oldest text that details his origins is the Norman history of William of Jumieges c 1070 According to William the Danes had a custom of requiring the younger sons of kings to leave the kingdom to reinforce the king s authority thus after Ragnar Lodbrok became king he ordered Bjorn to leave his realm Bjorn left Denmark with a considerable fleet and started to ravage in West Francia 5 The contemporary annals show that he cooperated with another Viking called Sigtrygg and sailed up the Seine in 855 from which his and Sigtrygg s forces raided the inland Their combined forces were beaten in Champagne by Charles the Bald of West Francia in the same year but not decisively 6 Sigtrygg withdrew in the next year but Bjorn received reinforcement from another Viking army and could not be expelled from the Seine area He and his men took up winter quarters at the so called Givold s Grave which served as base for an assault against Paris which was plundered around the new year 856 857 7 Bjorn constructed a fortification on the island Oissel above Rouen which he kept as his stronghold for years 8 He certainly swore fealty to Charles the Bald in Verberie in 858 but it is not clear if he kept his pledge King Charles eventually resolved to meet the unruly Seine Vikings with all his available forces and besieged Oissel in July The siege failed badly for the pirates defended the fortification with vigour 9 Moreover Charles s brother Louis the German of East Francia invaded his lands and many vassals fell from him 10 Thus the siege was broken off in September 11 After Bjorn s meeting with Charles in Verberie his name is not found in contemporary sources However the Viking warriors in the Seine continued their raids during the following years and even plundered Paris again in 861 In his despair Charles the Bald tried to use another Viking chief Veland whose men operated in the Somme region to attack the Seine Vikings at Oissel However this scheme backfired since the two Viking armies made a deal and united their forces 12 The Norsemen were encamped by the lower Seine in 861 862 but then split again Veland agreed to become a Christian and joined royal service while the Seine Vikings went to sea Some of them joined the fighting between the ruler of Bretagne and some Frankish counts 13 Expedition to the Mediterranean EditA number of Frankish Norman Arab Scandinavian and Irish sources mention a large Viking raid into the Mediterranean in 859 861 co led by Hastein Bjorn Ironside and possibly one or more of his brothers After raiding down the Iberian coast and fighting their way through Gibraltar the Norsemen pillaged the south of France where the fleet stayed over winter before landing in Italy where they captured the city of Pisa 14 Flush with this victory and others around the Mediterranean including in Sicily and North Africa during the Mediterranean expedition the Vikings are recorded to have lost 40 ships to a storm They returned to the Straits of Gibraltar and at the coast of Medina Sidonia lost 2 ships to fire catapults in a surprise raid by Andalusian forces leaving only 20 ships intact The remnants of the fleet came back to French waters in 862 Bjorn Ironside was the leader of the expedition according to the later chronicle of William of Jumieges The early 11th century Fragmentary Annals of Ireland say that two sons of Ragnall mac Albdan a chief who had been expelled from Lochlann by his brothers and stayed in the Orkney Islands headed the enterprise 15 William of Jumieges refers to Bjorn as Bier Costae ferreae Ironside who was Lotbroci regis filio son of King Lodbrok 16 William s account of the Mediterranean expedition centers around Bjorn s foster father Hastein The two Vikings conducted many mostly successful raids in France Later on Hastein got the idea to make Bjorn the new Roman Emperor and led a large Viking raid into the Mediterranean together with his protegee They proceeded inland to the town of Luni which they believed to be Rome at the time but were unable to breach the town walls To gain entry a tricky plan was devised Hastein sent messengers to the bishop to say that being deathly ill he had a deathbed conversion and wished to receive Christian sacraments and or to be buried on consecrated ground within their church He was brought into the chapel with a small honor guard then surprised the dismayed clerics by leaping from his stretcher The Viking party then hacked its way to the town gates which were promptly opened letting the rest of the army in When they realised that Luni was not Rome Bjorn and Hastein wished to investigate this city but changed their minds when they heard that the Romans were well prepared for defense After returning to West Europe the two men parted company Bjorn was shipwrecked at the English coast and barely survived He then went to Frisia where William says he died 17 There are some historical challenges with this account Hastein appears in the contemporary sources later than Bjorn and in order to be his foster father would have been around his 80s when he died That is certainly possible citing the fact that their contemporaries the Viking Rollo and King Harald Fairhair of Norway lived comparable lifespans Luni is also known to have been plundered by Saracens 18 The Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok and Tale of Ragnar s Sons EditThe story of Bjorn and his brothers the sons of the Scandinavian king Ragnar Lodbrok was retold in different versions throughout the Middle Ages The Tale of Ragnar s Sons Ragnarssona thattr is an Icelandic Fornaldar Saga from about the 14th century that combines traditional Norse oral history with legendary themes It states that Bjorn was the son of Ragnar and Aslaug 19 20 and that his brothers were Hvitserk Ivar the Boneless and Sigurd Snake in the Eye The tale also tells of Bjorn s half brothers Eric and Agnar The saga portrays Ragnar as the overlord of large parts of Sweden and possibly even Denmark While he was still alive Bjorn and his brothers left Sweden to conquer Zealand Reidgotaland here Jutland Gotland Oland and all the minor islands They then settled at Lejre in Zealand Denmark with Ivar the Boneless as their leader Ragnar s sons Eric and Agnar then sailed into Lake Malaren and sent a message to the Swedish King Eysteinn a vassal of Ragnar that they wanted him to submit to Ragnar s sons Moreover Eric said that he wanted Eysteinn s daughter Borghild as wife Eysteinn said that he first wanted to consult the Swedish chieftains The chieftains said no to the offer and ordered an attack on the rebellious sons A battle ensued and Eric and Agnar were overwhelmed by the Swedish forces whereupon Agnar died and Eric was taken prisoner Eysteinn offered Eric as much of Uppsala od as he wanted and Borghild in wergild for Agnar Eric proclaimed that after such a defeat he wanted nothing but to choose the day of his own death Eric asked to be impaled on spears that raised him above the dead and his wish was granted In Zealand Bjorn Aslaug and Hvitserk who had been playing tafl became upset and sailed to Sweden with a large army Aslaug rode with cavalry across the land In a great battle they killed Eysteinn According to the saga their father Ragnar was captured and killed by King AElla in England after a foolhardy invasion attempt Bjorn and his brothers seeking revenge attacked AElla but were beaten back As Ivar realised that the English king could not be defeated right away he sought reconciliation He only asked for as much land as he could cover with an ox s hide and swore never to wage war against AElla Then Ivar cut the ox s hide into such fine strands that he could envelop a large fortress in an older saga it was York and according to a younger saga it was London which he could take as his own Ivar made himself popular in England and asked his brothers to attack again During the battle Ivar sided with his brothers and so did many of the English chieftains with their people in loyalty to Ivar AElla was taken captive and in revenge they carved the blood eagle on him Later Bjorn and his brothers pillaged in England Normandy France and Lombardy until they came to the town Luna in Italy When they came back to Scandinavia they divided the kingdom so that Bjorn Ironside took Uppsala and Sweden 21 Other sources EditThe partly legendary Danish chronicle of Saxo Grammaticus Gesta Danorum c 1200 is the first text to mention Bjorn Ironside as a King of Sweden According to Saxo Ragnar Lodbrok had a quarrel with the recently elevated ruler of the Swedes Sorle He therefore invaded the Swedish lands in company with his sons Bjorn Fridleif and Radbard Before battle had broken out the opposing sides agreed to settle the matter through a combat Ragnar and his three sons met the renowned champion Starkad and his seven sons in the sight of the two armies Bjorn having inflicted great slaughter on the foe without hurt to himself gained from the strength of his sides which were like iron a perpetual name i e Ironside Ragnar and his sons slew their eight opponents after which their troops fell on Sorle and his army and annihilated them Ragnar then presented Bjorn with the lordship of Sweden for his conspicuous bravery and service Later on another son of Ragnar Ubbe colluded with his maternal grandfather Esbjorn and conspired against Ragnar Esbjorn sent envoys to Bjorn in Sweden to drum up support for a rebellion but Bjorn refused to listen Instead he hanged the envoys while their party were slaughtered by the Swedes Shortly afterwards Esbjorn was slain in a sea battle and Ubbe was captured after a heroic resistance In due time Ragnar appointed Bjorn regent of Norway while Sweden was handed over to another son Eric Weatherhat After the death of Ragnar Bjorn and his brothers attacked Ella in England with 400 ships and killed him He then went back to his Swedish kingdom but intervened in Denmark when the Danes rose against the rule of Ragnar s sons With a fleet of 1 700 ships he and his brothers crushed the insurgents at Slesvig This is the last we hear about Bjorn Ironside in the Gesta Danorum 22 The Hervarar saga from the 13th century tells that Eysteinn Beli was killed by Bjorn and his brothers as told in Ragnar Lodbrok s saga and they conquered all of Sweden When Ragnar died Bjorn Ironside inherited Sweden He had two sons Refil and Erik Bjornsson who became the next king of Sweden 4 Anglo Saxon and Irish sources suggest that the Danish invasion of England after 865 was led by three brothers called Ingvar i e Ivar Ubbe and Halfdan who judging from the Irish Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib were sons of a Ragnall Ragnar or a similar name 23 Bjorn is not mentioned in this context but later Norman tradition suggests that he may have been a brother 16 According to William of Jumieges he died in Frisia which also had an association with the invaders of England Ubbe is sometimes labeled the Frisian Jarl and the invaders are occasionally called Scaldingi men from Schelde The kingships of Bjorn is at times historically problematic since it is not supported by older sources and presents insurmountable chronological inconsistencies 24 In fiction EditA principal character in the History television series Vikings played as a young boy by Nathan O Toole and through adulthood by Alexander Ludwig is loosely based on the historical character and portrayed as the son of Lagertha rather than of Aslaug According to the lore Bjorn is not the eldest son while in the show he is the eldest of all the sons of Ragnar 25 In the novel Monster by Michael Grant one character Armo mentions that he s descended from Bjorn Ironside a very badass Viking See also EditHistory of Sweden 800 1521 House of MunsoNotes Edit Old Norse Bjǫrn Jarnsida ˈbjɔrn ˈjɑːrnˌsiːdɑ Modern Danish Bjorn Jernside Modern Icelandic Bjorn Jarnsida ˈpjœ r tn ˈjau r tn ˌsiːda Modern Norwegian Bokmal Bjorn Jernside Modern Swedish Bjorn Jarnsida Medieval Latin Bier Costae ferreae Chronicon Fontanellense Anno 855 856 1 Archived 3 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine Annales de Saint Bertin Anno 856 858 2 Lagerquist 1997 24 Carl Bernadotte et al 1956 Sveriges hundra konungar Stockholm Biblioteksbocker p 81 This work dates Bjorn s reign in Sweden in c 785 800 on the assumption that an early Swedish king was mixed up with a later Viking chief a b The Saga of King Heidrik the Wise p 60 Guillaume de Jumieges Histoire des ducs de Normandie p 11 3 Chronicon Fontanellense Anno 855 Archived from the original on 3 December 2018 Retrieved 2 December 2018 Annales de Saint Bertin Anno 856 857 Chronicon Fontanellense Anno 856 Archived from the original on 3 December 2018 Retrieved 2 December 2018 Annales de Saint Bertin Anno 858 Die Jahrbucher von Fulda Anno 858 3 p 29 Gustav Storm 1877 Historisk Tidskrift II 1 p 407 Annales de Saint Bertin Anno 861 Annales de Saint Bertin Anno 862 Annales de Saint Bertin Anno 859 860 Gustav Storm 1877 Historisk Tidskrift II 1 p 420 a b Kings and kingship in Viking Northumbria by Rory McTurk University of Leeds Archived 26 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Guillaume de Jumieges Histoire des ducs de Normandie p 20 Gustav Storm 1877 Historisk Tidskrift II 1 The Saga of Ragnar Lodrok and his Sons Translated by Tunstall Peter 2005 Peter August Godecke in Sagan om Ragnar Lodbrok och hans soner Norstedts Stockholm 1880 p 24 The Tale of Ragnar s Sons Saxo Grammaticus The Danish History Book IX Alfred P Smyth 1977 Scandinavian kings in the British Isles Oxford Gustav Storm 1877 Historisk Tidskrift II 1 p 426 477 8 Bjorn Ironside Ragnar Lothbrok s Son Mythologian Net mythologian net 23 December 2015 Retrieved 14 April 2017 Bjorn IronsideHouse of MunsoLegendary titlesPreceded byOsten Beli Semi legendary king of Sweden Succeeded byErik BjornssonBibliography EditLagerquist Lars O 1997 Sveriges Regenter fran forntid till nutid Norstedts Stockholm ISBN 91 1 963882 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bjorn Ironside amp oldid 1128710431, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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