Bismuthine (IUPAC name: bismuthane) is the chemical compound with the formula BiH3. As the heaviest analogue of ammonia (a pnictogen hydride), BiH3 is unstable, decomposing to bismuth metal well below 0 °C. This compound adopts the expected pyramidal structure with H–Bi–H angles of around 90°.[1]
The term bismuthine may also refer to a member of the family of organobismuth(III) species having the general formula BiR 3, where R is an organic substituent. For example, Bi(CH3)3 is trimethylbismuthine.
Preparation and propertiesedit
BiH3 is prepared by the redistribution of methylbismuthine (BiH2Me):[2]
3 BiH2Me → 2 BiH3 + BiMe3
The required BiH2Me, which is also thermally unstable, is generated by reduction of methylbismuth dichloride, BiCl2Me with LiAlH4.[1]
As suggested by the behavior of SbH3, BiH3 is unstable and decomposes to its constituent elements according to the following equation:
2 BiH3 → 3 H2 + 2 Bi (ΔHo f(gas) = −278 kJ/mol)
The methodology used for detection of arsenic ("Marsh test") can also be used to detect BiH3. This test relies on the thermal decomposition of these trihydrides to the metallic mirrors of reduced As, Sb, and Bi. These deposits can be further distinguished by their distinctive solubility characteristics: arsenic dissolves in NaOCl, antimony dissolves in ammonium polysulfide, and bismuth resists both reagents.[2]
Uses and safety considerationsedit
The low stability of BiH3 precludes significant health effects, it decomposes rapidly well below room temperature.
Referencesedit
^ abW. Jerzembeck; H. Bürger; L. Constantin; L. Margulès; J. Demaison; J. Breidung; W. Thiel (2002). "Bismuthine BiH3: Fact or Fiction? High-Resolution Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Ab Initio Studies". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41 (14): 2550–2552. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2550::AID-ANIE2550>3.0.CO;2-B. PMID 12203530. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05.
^ abHolleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001.ISBN0-12-352651-5.
March 16, 2024
bismuthine, iupac, name, bismuthane, chemical, compound, with, formula, bih3, heaviest, analogue, ammonia, pnictogen, hydride, bih3, unstable, decomposing, bismuth, metal, well, below, this, compound, adopts, expected, pyramidal, structure, with, angles, aroun. Bismuthine IUPAC name bismuthane is the chemical compound with the formula BiH3 As the heaviest analogue of ammonia a pnictogen hydride BiH3 is unstable decomposing to bismuth metal well below 0 C This compound adopts the expected pyramidal structure with H Bi H angles of around 90 1 Bismuthine Bismuth Bi Hydrogen HNamesIUPAC name bismuthaneOther names bismuth trihydride hydrogen bismuthide bismine trihydridobismuthIdentifiersCAS Number 18288 22 7 Y3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 8886 NPubChem CID 9242UNII OCH2V0Z37N YCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID50171355InChI InChI 1S Bi 3H NKey BPBOBPIKWGUSQG UHFFFAOYSA N NInChI 1 Bi 3H rBiH3 h1H3Key BPBOBPIKWGUSQG PVKOQVOWAFSMILES BiH3 PropertiesChemical formula BiH3Molar mass 212 00 g molAppearance colourless gasDensity 0 008665 g mL 20 C Boiling point 16 8 C 62 2 F 289 9 K extrapolated Conjugate acid BismuthoniumStructureMolecular shape trigonal pyramidalRelated compoundsRelated hydrides AmmoniaPhosphineArsineStibineExcept where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references The term bismuthine may also refer to a member of the family of organobismuth III species having the general formula BiR3 where R is an organic substituent For example Bi CH3 3 is trimethylbismuthine Preparation and properties editBiH3 is prepared by the redistribution of methylbismuthine BiH2Me 2 3 BiH2Me 2 BiH3 BiMe3The required BiH2Me which is also thermally unstable is generated by reduction of methylbismuth dichloride BiCl2Me with LiAlH4 1 As suggested by the behavior of SbH3 BiH3 is unstable and decomposes to its constituent elements according to the following equation 2 BiH3 3 H2 2 Bi DHof gas 278 kJ mol The methodology used for detection of arsenic Marsh test can also be used to detect BiH3 This test relies on the thermal decomposition of these trihydrides to the metallic mirrors of reduced As Sb and Bi These deposits can be further distinguished by their distinctive solubility characteristics arsenic dissolves in NaOCl antimony dissolves in ammonium polysulfide and bismuth resists both reagents 2 Uses and safety considerations editThe low stability of BiH3 precludes significant health effects it decomposes rapidly well below room temperature References edit a b W Jerzembeck H Burger L Constantin L Margules J Demaison J Breidung W Thiel 2002 Bismuthine BiH3 Fact or Fiction High Resolution Infrared Millimeter Wave and Ab Initio Studies Angew Chem Int Ed 41 14 2550 2552 doi 10 1002 1521 3773 20020715 41 14 lt 2550 AID ANIE2550 gt 3 0 CO 2 B PMID 12203530 Archived from the original on 2013 01 05 a b Holleman A F Wiberg E Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press San Diego 2001 ISBN 0 12 352651 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bismuthine amp oldid 1191163824, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
