A Bismarck tower (German: Bismarckturm) is a specific type of monument built according to a more or less standard model across Germany to honour its first chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (d. 1898). A total of 234 of these towers were inventoried by Kloss and Seele in 2007[1] but more have been discovered since making the total around 240.[2][3] These towers were built between 1869[4] and 1934 and some 173 remain today.[1][5] Quite a few of these towers, including all 47 based on Wilhelm Kreis's Götterdämmerung design,[6] were built as so-called Bismarck Columns (Bismarcksäulen) or were converted into them. This description goes back to the Student Union's competition held in 1899,[7] which was to encourage the erection of as many beacons as possible (and not observation towers). But other Bismarck towers, e.g., those that were purely beacons with no observation function, were often called Bismarck columns.
First Bismarck Tower in Janówek, Poland (formerly Ober-Johnsdorf, Lower Silesia, Germany), built in 1869Bismarck Tower in Zielona Góra (formerly Grünberg, Silesia, Germany)1909 Bismark tower in JenaIlluminated Götterdämmerung tower
The world's first Bismarck tower was built in present-day Janówek, Poland. It was erected by private initiative in 1869 in the village of Ober-Johnsdorf, Silesia, then part of Prussia, now Janówek, Poland. It stands on top of the hill now called Jańska Góra (German: Johnsberg), 253 m above sea level. The tower itself is 23 m in height. The sponsor was the retired Prussian officer Friedrich Schröter (1820–1888), a wealthy landowner in nearby Wättrisch.[4]
One year after Bismarck's death, German Studentenverbindung fraternities chose one of the designs submitted by the architect Wilhelm Kreis in an 1899 architecture competition. The award-winning Götterdämmerung fire column design of granite or sandstone was selected as a standard model for all Bismarck towers. The massive and squat design could be built to different heights and widths depending on the amount of money donated for the particular monument.
Every Bismarck tower was intended as a beacon, with their braziers lit on specified days in honour of the former chancellor to commemorate his achievement in unifying Germany in 1871. Though most towers included firing installations, plans for a nationwide beaconing failed, and many local initiatives chose deviating designs. The architects of these towers included Wilhelm Kreis himself, who built 58 (47 to the Götterdämmerung design), and Bruno Schmitz.
Three Emperors' Corner, finished in 1907, dismantled in 1933 - at the confluence of the Black and White Przemsza rivers in the present-day Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. Until 1918, it marked the place at which the borders of three empires that had divided Poland – the Russian Empire, Austria-Hungary and the German Empire – met.
Referencesedit
^ abPohlsander, Hans A. National Monuments and Nationalism in 19th Century Germany, Oxford: Lang, 2008, p. 226-227
^Bismarcktürme £ Bismarcksäule 2020-10-31 at the Wayback Machine at www.bismarcktuerme.de. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
^Lexikon der Bismarck-Denkmäler by Sieglinde Seele. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
^ abDer älteste Bismarckturm von 1869 2018-05-04 at the Wayback Machine at www.bismarcktuerme.de. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
360° pano 2017 Bismarck Tower near Chernyakhoivsk (Gumbinen)
Photorgammetry 3D scan on sketchfab 2017 Bismarck Tower near Chernyakhoivsk (Gumbinen)
January 01, 1970
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A Bismarck tower German Bismarckturm is a specific type of monument built according to a more or less standard model across Germany to honour its first chancellor Otto von Bismarck d 1898 A total of 234 of these towers were inventoried by Kloss and Seele in 2007 1 but more have been discovered since making the total around 240 2 3 These towers were built between 1869 4 and 1934 and some 173 remain today 1 5 Quite a few of these towers including all 47 based on Wilhelm Kreis s Gotterdammerung design 6 were built as so called Bismarck Columns Bismarcksaulen or were converted into them This description goes back to the Student Union s competition held in 1899 7 which was to encourage the erection of as many beacons as possible and not observation towers But other Bismarck towers e g those that were purely beacons with no observation function were often called Bismarck columns First Bismarck Tower in Janowek Poland formerly Ober Johnsdorf Lower Silesia Germany built in 1869 Bismarck Tower in Zielona Gora formerly Grunberg Silesia Germany 1909 Bismark tower in Jena Illuminated Gotterdammerung tower Contents 1 History 2 Bismarck towers selection 3 References 4 External linksHistory editThe world s first Bismarck tower was built in present day Janowek Poland It was erected by private initiative in 1869 in the village of Ober Johnsdorf Silesia then part of Prussia now Janowek Poland It stands on top of the hill now called Janska Gora German Johnsberg 253 m above sea level The tower itself is 23 m in height The sponsor was the retired Prussian officer Friedrich Schroter 1820 1888 a wealthy landowner in nearby Wattrisch 4 One year after Bismarck s death German Studentenverbindung fraternities chose one of the designs submitted by the architect Wilhelm Kreis in an 1899 architecture competition The award winning Gotterdammerung fire column design of granite or sandstone was selected as a standard model for all Bismarck towers The massive and squat design could be built to different heights and widths depending on the amount of money donated for the particular monument In manifestation of the Bismarck cult they were built in various styles in locations across the German Empire including its colonies in New Guinea Gazelle Peninsula Cameroon near Limbe and Tanzania as well as in areas of Europe that at the time were part of Germany but now lie within the borders of Poland France Denmark or Russia Bismarck towers were also built in Austria in the Czech Republic and in Concepcion Chile Every Bismarck tower was intended as a beacon with their braziers lit on specified days in honour of the former chancellor to commemorate his achievement in unifying Germany in 1871 Though most towers included firing installations plans for a nationwide beaconing failed and many local initiatives chose deviating designs The architects of these towers included Wilhelm Kreis himself who built 58 47 to the Gotterdammerung design and Bruno Schmitz Bismarck towers selection editAachen finished in 1907 Bad Kissingen 1930 Ballenstedt 1930 31 Burg Spreewald completed 1917 Bydgoszcz Poland blown up in 1928 Freiburg im Breisgau completed 1900 Hanover finished in 1904 dismantled in 1935 Heidelberg finished in 1903 Janowek Ober Johnsdorf Poland the first Bismarck tower finished in 1869 Kallstadt Metz Le Ban Saint Martin the only preserved Bismarck tower in France Porta Westfalica 1902 dismantled in 1952 Salzgitter 1900 Szczecin Stettin Poland Viersen 1901 Wiesbaden 1910 with 50 m 160 ft the highest tower dismantled in 1918 Zielona Gora Grunberg Poland Three Emperors Corner finished in 1907 dismantled in 1933 at the confluence of the Black and White Przemsza rivers in the present day Silesian Voivodeship of Poland Until 1918 it marked the place at which the borders of three empires that had divided Poland the Russian Empire Austria Hungary and the German Empire met References edit a b Pohlsander Hans A National Monuments and Nationalism in 19th Century Germany Oxford Lang 2008 p 226 227 Bismarckturme Bismarcksaule Archived 2020 10 31 at the Wayback Machine at www bismarcktuerme de Retrieved 28 July 2016 Lexikon der Bismarck Denkmaler by Sieglinde Seele Retrieved 28 July 2016 a b Der alteste Bismarckturm von 1869 Archived 2018 05 04 at the Wayback Machine at www bismarcktuerme de Retrieved 28 July 2016 Bismarckturme amp Bismarcksaulen Das Infoportal Bismarckturme www bismarcktuerme de Retrieved 28 Jul 2016 title missing Geschichte der Bismarckturme Archived 2020 08 06 at the Wayback Machine at www bismarcktuerme de Retrieved 28 July 2016 Niedersachsisches Jahrbuch fur Landesgeschichte Vol 82 Hanover 2010 p 182 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bismarck towers Bismarck towers official website Archived 2011 09 10 at the Wayback Machine FAQ about Bismarck towers Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine 360 pano 2017 Bismarck Tower near Chernyakhoivsk Gumbinen Photorgammetry 3D scan on sketchfab 2017 Bismarck Tower near Chernyakhoivsk Gumbinen Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bismarck tower amp oldid 1206934370, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
