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Lontara Bilang-bilang script

April 12, 2024

Lontara Bilang-bilang is a cipher of the Lontara script, currently used for Buginese poetry. This script uses the Eastern Arabic numerals-inspired letterform to substitute the Lontara script, as a way to hide it to the Dutch at the time.[1] It was an adaptation to a similar ciphers of the Arabic script that has been used in South Asia around the 19th century.[2][3]

Bilang-bilang
Script type
Time period
17th century – present
LanguagesBuginese language
Related scripts
Parent systems
Eastern Arabic numerals + i‘jām (consonants), Lontara (vowel diacritics and punctuation)
  • Bilang-bilang
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
This article contains Lontara script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Lontara characters.

Usage edit

In Buginese literature, Lontara Bilang-bilang is sometimes used as a substitute to Lontara script in writing basa to bakke', a play-on-words, as well as élong maliung bettuanna, poetry with some hidden meaning using basa to bakke'. In this script, each base letter in standard Lontara are substituted with forms derived from Arabic script and its numerals, with standard, unchanged Lontara vowel diacritics attached to them.[3]

Cipher system edit

Lontara Bilang-Bilang substitutes Arabic letters with stylized numerals in accordance with Abjad numerals, a system that has been used in 19 AD in what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan. In Bilang-Bilang, many letters for Arabic sounds not in Buginese are not used, while for sounds existing in Buginese and Malay, new letters are added with more stylization.[2] For example, ب have a numeral value of 2 and therefore is substituted by a stylized form of ٢, illustrated as follows:

Arabic Value Lontara
Bilang-bilang 		Lontara Latin Comments
ب ٢ 2    
ᨅ 		ba Stylization of ٢ with a short vertical line
ك ٢٠ 20    
ᨀ 		ka Stylization of ٢ with a medium vertical line
ر ٢٠٠ 200    
ᨑ 		ra Stylization of ٢ with a long vertical line

Jawi letters for Malay and Buginese sounds are formed with dots as equivalent for its Arabic counterpart. For example. ج (jim) uses the form of ٣, while چ (ca) uses the form of ٣ as well but with the addition of three dots, illustrated as follows:

Arab Value Lontara
Bilang-bilang 		Lontara Latin Comments
ج ٣ 3    
ᨍ 		ja Stylization of ٣
چ    
ᨌ 		ca   with three dots, analogous to چ
ك ٢٠ 20    
ᨀ 		ka Stylization of ٢
ࢴ    
ᨁ 		ga   with one dot, analogous to ࢴ

Pre-nasal sounds are formed with the addition of a diacritic line, illustrated as follows:

Arab Value Lontara
Bilang-bilang 		Lontara Latin Comments
ك ٢٠ 20    
ᨀ 		ka Stylization of ٢ with a medium vertical line
   
ᨃ 		ngka   with a diacritic line
ر ٢٠٠ 200    
ᨑ 		ra Stylization of ٢ with a long vertical line
   
ᨋ 		nra   with a diacritic line

Letterform Table edit

Arabic Numerical
Value 		Lontara
Bilang-bilang 		Lontara Latin Jawi Lontara
Bilang-bilang 		Lontara Latin Lontara
Bilang-bilang 		Lontara Latin
ا ١ 1    
ᨕ 		a
ب ٢ 2    
ᨅ 		ba
ج ٣ 3    
ᨍ 		ja چ    
ᨌ 		ca    
ᨏ 		nca
د ۴ 4    
ᨉ 		da
ن ۵ 5    
ᨊ 		na
و ۶ 6    
ᨓ 		wa
ع ٧ 7 ڠ    
ᨂ 		nga
ف ٨ 8    
ᨄ 		pa    
ᨇ 		mpa
ي ١٠ 10    
ᨐ 		ya ۑ    
ᨎ 		nya
ك ٢٠ 20    
ᨀ 		ka ࢴ    
ᨁ 		ga    
ᨃ 		ngka
ل ٣٠ 30    
ᨒ 		la
م ۴٠ 40    
ᨆ 		ma
س ۶٠ 60    
ᨔ 		sa
ر ٢٠٠ 200    
ᨑ 		ra    
ᨋ 		nra
ت ۴٠٠ 400    
ᨈ 		ta
note

Lontara 'ha' "ᨖ" does not have a Bilang-bilang equivalent[4]

Unicode edit

The Lontara Bilang-bilang Script has not yet been added into the Unicode standard as of version 14.0. A code range has been assigned for it in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane, but as of revision 14.0.0, no proposals has been made for assigning the letters.[5]

Example text edit

 
élong maliung bettuanna, A poetry in Lontara and Bilang-Bilang cited by Matthes (1883)[6]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Lontara". Atlas of Endangered Alphabets. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b Miller, Christopher (2011-03-11). "Indonesian and Philippine Scripts and extensions not yet encoded or proposed for encoding in Unicode". UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative. S2CID 676490. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b Tol, Roger (1992). "Fish food on a tree branch; Hidden meanings in Bugis poetry". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia. 148 (1): 82–102. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003169. S2CID 191975859.
  4. ^ Ridwan Maulana. "Lontara Bilang-bilang". Omniglot. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  5. ^ Everson, Michael; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken; S. Umamaheswaran, V. "Roadmap to the SMP". Unicode. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  6. ^ Matthes, B F (1883). Eenige proeven van Boegineesche en Makassaarsche Poëzie. Martinus Nijhoff.

April 12, 2024
lontara, bilang, bilang, script, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, indonesian, october, 2020, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, indonesian, article, machine, . You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Indonesian October 2020 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Indonesian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 283 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Indonesian Wikipedia article at id Lontara Bilang bilang see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated id Lontara Bilang bilang to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Lontara Bilang bilang is a cipher of the Lontara script currently used for Buginese poetry This script uses the Eastern Arabic numerals inspired letterform to substitute the Lontara script as a way to hide it to the Dutch at the time 1 It was an adaptation to a similar ciphers of the Arabic script that has been used in South Asia around the 19th century 2 3 Bilang bilangScript typeAbugidaTime period17th century presentLanguagesBuginese languageRelated scriptsParent systemsEastern Arabic numerals i jam consonants Lontara vowel diacritics and punctuation Bilang bilang This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters This article contains Lontara script Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Lontara characters Contents 1 Usage 2 Cipher system 3 Letterform Table 4 Unicode 5 Example text 6 See also 7 ReferencesUsage editIn Buginese literature Lontara Bilang bilang is sometimes used as a substitute to Lontara script in writing basa to bakke a play on words as well as elong maliung bettuanna poetry with some hidden meaning using basa to bakke In this script each base letter in standard Lontara are substituted with forms derived from Arabic script and its numerals with standard unchanged Lontara vowel diacritics attached to them 3 Cipher system editLontara Bilang Bilang substitutes Arabic letters with stylized numerals in accordance with Abjad numerals a system that has been used in 19 AD in what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan In Bilang Bilang many letters for Arabic sounds not in Buginese are not used while for sounds existing in Buginese and Malay new letters are added with more stylization 2 For example ب have a numeral value of 2 and therefore is substituted by a stylized form of ٢ illustrated as follows Arabic Value LontaraBilang bilang Lontara Latin Commentsب ٢ 2 nbsp nbsp ᨅ ba Stylization of ٢ with a short vertical lineك ٢٠ 20 nbsp nbsp ᨀ ka Stylization of ٢ with a medium vertical lineر ٢٠٠ 200 nbsp nbsp ᨑ ra Stylization of ٢ with a long vertical lineJawi letters for Malay and Buginese sounds are formed with dots as equivalent for its Arabic counterpart For example ج jim uses the form of ٣ while چ ca uses the form of ٣ as well but with the addition of three dots illustrated as follows Arab Value LontaraBilang bilang Lontara Latin Commentsج ٣ 3 nbsp nbsp ᨍ ja Stylization of ٣چ nbsp nbsp ᨌ ca nbsp with three dots analogous to چك ٢٠ 20 nbsp nbsp ᨀ ka Stylization of ٢ࢴ nbsp nbsp ᨁ ga nbsp with one dot analogous to ࢴPre nasal sounds are formed with the addition of a diacritic line illustrated as follows Arab Value LontaraBilang bilang Lontara Latin Commentsك ٢٠ 20 nbsp nbsp ᨀ ka Stylization of ٢ with a medium vertical line nbsp nbsp ᨃ ngka nbsp with a diacritic lineر ٢٠٠ 200 nbsp nbsp ᨑ ra Stylization of ٢ with a long vertical line nbsp nbsp ᨋ nra nbsp with a diacritic lineLetterform Table editArabic NumericalValue LontaraBilang bilang Lontara Latin Jawi LontaraBilang bilang Lontara Latin LontaraBilang bilang Lontara Latinا ١ 1 nbsp nbsp ᨕ aب ٢ 2 nbsp nbsp ᨅ baج ٣ 3 nbsp nbsp ᨍ ja چ nbsp nbsp ᨌ ca nbsp nbsp ᨏ ncaد ۴ 4 nbsp nbsp ᨉ daن ۵ 5 nbsp nbsp ᨊ naو ۶ 6 nbsp nbsp ᨓ waع ٧ 7 ڠ nbsp nbsp ᨂ ngaف ٨ 8 nbsp nbsp ᨄ pa nbsp nbsp ᨇ mpaي ١٠ 10 nbsp nbsp ᨐ ya ۑ nbsp nbsp ᨎ nyaك ٢٠ 20 nbsp nbsp ᨀ ka ࢴ nbsp nbsp ᨁ ga nbsp nbsp ᨃ ngkaل ٣٠ 30 nbsp nbsp ᨒ laم ۴٠ 40 nbsp nbsp ᨆ maس ۶٠ 60 nbsp nbsp ᨔ saر ٢٠٠ 200 nbsp nbsp ᨑ ra nbsp nbsp ᨋ nraت ۴٠٠ 400 nbsp nbsp ᨈ tanote Lontara ha ᨖ does not have a Bilang bilang equivalent 4 Unicode editThe Lontara Bilang bilang Script has not yet been added into the Unicode standard as of version 14 0 A code range has been assigned for it in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane but as of revision 14 0 0 no proposals has been made for assigning the letters 5 Example text edit nbsp elong maliung bettuanna A poetry in Lontara and Bilang Bilang cited by Matthes 1883 6 See also editBuginese language Lontara script CipherReferences edit Lontara Atlas of Endangered Alphabets Retrieved 16 September 2020 a b Miller Christopher 2011 03 11 Indonesian and Philippine Scripts and extensions not yet encoded or proposed for encoding in Unicode UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative S2CID 676490 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b Tol Roger 1992 Fish food on a tree branch Hidden meanings in Bugis poetry Bijdragen tot de Taal Land en Volkenkunde Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 148 1 82 102 doi 10 1163 22134379 90003169 S2CID 191975859 Ridwan Maulana Lontara Bilang bilang Omniglot Retrieved 17 September 2020 Everson Michael McGowan Rick Whistler Ken S Umamaheswaran V Roadmap to the SMP Unicode Retrieved 19 September 2020 Matthes B F 1883 Eenige proeven van Boegineesche en Makassaarsche Poezie Martinus Nijhoff Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lontara Bilang bilang script amp oldid 1181794652, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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