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Wikipedia

Bikini variants

The bikini has spawned many stylistic variations. A regular bikini is a two-piece swimsuit that together covers the wearer's crotch, buttocks, and breasts. Some bikini designs cover larger portions of the wearer's body while other designs provide minimal coverage. Topless variants are still sometimes considered bikinis, although they are technically not a two-piece swimsuit.[1]

Since the bikini was introduced in 1946, it has generated a number of variations, often smaller and more revealing than the original.

Terminology

While the name bikini was applied to the skimpy fashion that first revealed the wearer's navel, the fashion industry considers any two-piece swimsuit a bikini.[2] Modern bikini fashions today are characterized by a simple, brief design: two triangles of fabric that form a bra and cover the woman's breasts and two triangles of fabric on the bottom forming a panty cut below the navel[3] that cover the groin in front and the buttocks in back.[3] The amount of coverage can vary widely, from a string bikini with very little coverage to a full design with maximum coverage. A topless swimsuit may still be considered a bikini, although naturally it is no longer a two-piece swimsuit.[1]

These derivations of the word bikini were created through inappropriate analogy with words like bilingual, bifocal and bilateral, which contain the Latin prefix "bi-" (meaning "two" in Latin), the word bikini was first back-derived as consisting of two parts, [bi + kini] by Rudi Gernreich when he designed the monokini in 1964.[4] Later swimsuit designs like the tankini and trikini were also named based on the erroneous assumption that the "bi-" in bikini denotes a two-piece swimsuit.[5] These new coinages falsely presumed that the back-formation [bi + kini] was purposeful.[6][7]

The "-kini family" (as dubbed by author William Safire[8]), including the "-ini sisters" (as dubbed by designer Anne Cole[9]) has grown to include a large number of subsequent variations, often with a hilarious lexicon.[10] Major stylistic variations and an array of spinoff styles include string bikini, monokini or numokini (single, top part missing), tankini (tank top, bikini bottom), camikini (camisole top and bikini bottom), hikini or hipkini, thong, slingshot or sling bikini (actually a one-piece swimsuit), minimini, teardrop, seekini (transparent bikini), microkini and granny bikini (bikini top and boy shorts bottom).[10][11] In just one major fashion show in 1985, there were two-piece suits with cropped tank tops instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux, suits that are bikinis in front and one-piece behind, suspender straps, ruffles, and daring, navel-baring cutouts.[12]

Variants

String bikini

 
Woman wearing string bikini

A string bikini or stringkini is scantier and more revealing than a regular bikini. It gets its name from the string characteristics of its design. It consists of two triangular shaped pieces connected at the groin but not at the sides, where a thin "string" wraps around the waist connecting the two parts. String bikini tops are similar and are tied in place by the attached "string" pieces. String pieces can either be continuous or tied. A string bikini bottom can have minimal to a maximum coverage of a woman's backside.

The term string bikini first came into use in 1974.[13] It is claimed that Brazilian fashion model Rose di Primo [pt] created the first string bikini when she had to sew one with insufficient fabric available to her for a photo shoot. The first formal presentation of string bikini was done by Glen Tortorich, a public relations agent, and his wife Brandi Perret-DuJon, a fashion model, for the opening of Le Petite Centre, a shopping area in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana in 1974. Inspired by a picture of a Rio de Janeiro fashion model in an issue of Women's Wear Daily, they had local fashion designer Lapin create a string bikini for the event. Models recruited by talent agent Peter Dasigner presented it by removing fur coats by Alberto Lemon on stage. The presentation was covered by local television stations and the New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper and was sent out via the wire news services of the Associated Press and United Press International.

String bikinis are one of the most popular variations of bikinis.[14] Bikinis are also worn at the hips, but the fabric at the sides is narrower. In the string bikini, it disappears altogether to leave the waistband as a "string". The rear coverage of the bikini is not as full as with the brief. Bikini is the most widely worn style among women worldwide.[15] The tied strings can accidentally come undone leading to a wardrobe malfunction, as happened to Miss Guárico at the Miss Venezuela 2008 beauty pageant.[16]

Monokini

 
Rudi Gernreich's original 1964 monokini

A monokini, more commonly referred to as a topless swimsuit and sometimes referred to as a unikini, is a women's one-piece swimsuit equivalent to the lower half of a bikini.[17][18][19] In 1964, Rudi Gernreich, an Austrian fashion designer, designed the original monokini in the US.[20] Gernreich also invented its name, and the word monokini is first recorded in English that year. Gernreich's monokini looked like a one-piece swimsuit suspended from two halter straps in the cleavage of bared breasts. It had only two small straps over the shoulders, leaving the breasts bare. Despite the reaction of fashion critics and church officials, shoppers purchased the monokini in record numbers that summer, though very few monokinis were ever worn in public. By the end of the season, Gernreich had sold 3000 swimsuits at $24 apiece, which meant a tidy profit for such a minuscule amount of fabric.[21] Monokini usage is uncommon in the USA, where Americans have never accepted it for the beach.[22] Many women who wanted to sunbathe topless simply wore the bottom part of a bikini. Manufacturers and retailers quickly adapted to selling tops and bottoms separately. Gernreich later created the lesser known pubikini.[23]

Peggy Moffitt modelled the suit for Gernreich. She said it was a logical evolution of Gernreich's avant-garde ideas in swimwear design as much as a scandalous symbol of the permissive society.[22] In the 1960s, the monokini led the way into the sexual revolution by emphasizing a woman's personal freedom of dress, even when her attire was provocative and exposed more skin than had been the norm during the more conservative 1950s. Like all swimsuits, the monokini bottom portion of the swimsuit can vary in cut. Some have g-string style backs, while others provide full coverage of the rear. The bottom of the monokini may be high cut, reaching to the waist, with high cut legs, or may be a much lower cut, exposing the belly button. The modern monokini, which is less racy than Gernreich's original design, takes its design from the bikini, and is also described as "more of a cut-out one-piece swimsuit,"[24] with designers using fabric, mesh, chain, or other materials to link the top and bottom sections together, though the appearance may not be functional, but rather only aesthetic.[25] In recent years, the term has come into use for topless bathing by women: where the bikini has two parts, the monokini is the lower part. Where monokinis are in use, the word bikini may jokingly refer to a two-piece outfit consisting of a monokini and a sun hat.[26] The original monokini is still sold by Victoria's Secret as a half-kini.[27]

Microkini

 
A yellow microkini

A microkini (or micro bikini) is an extremely minimalist bikini[28] covering little more than the nipples and pubic hair.[29] Micro bikini designs for men were introduced at the end of the 1960s consisting of briefs that barely covered the coccyx and the pubic hair.[30] These micro bikinis for men have continued to be popular in Brazil, particularly in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro.[31] During the 1980s the popularity of highly revealing thongs such as those found in the microkini led to a rise in the use of Brazilian waxing to remove most of the hair from the pubic area.[32] In 1995 fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld created a micro bikini for Chanel’s spring 1996 collection. It resembled a string bikini except that the top's triangles were replaced with two small circles resembling nipple pasties.[33] Some variations of the microkini use adhesive or wire to hold the fabric in place over the genitals. These designs do not require any additional side straps to keep the garment in place. The most radical variations of the microkini are simply thin straps that cover little or none of the wearer's body. The term "microkini" was coined in 1995 in an online community dedicated to enthusiasts of extreme designs.[citation needed] See-through material is sometimes used for the straps to create the illusion that the triangles of fabric are taped to the body.[34] Microkinis keep the wearer just within legal limits of decency and fill a niche between nudism and conservative swimwear. In Europe the wearing of microkinis at beaches or hotels or public pools is often allowed[35] but it may be considered culturally inappropriate in more conservative societies.[36]

Tankini

 
Tankini

The tankini is a swimsuit combining a tank top, mostly made of spandex-and-cotton or Lycra-and-nylon, and a bikini bottom introduced in the late 1990s.[37][38][39] According to author William Safire, "The most recent evolution of the -kini family is the tankini, a cropped tank top supported by spaghetti-like strings."[8] The tankini is distinguished from the classic bikini by the difference in tops, the top of the tankini essentially being a tank top. The tankini top extends downward to somewhere between just above the navel and the top of the hips. The word is a neologism combining the tank of tank top with the end of the word bikini. This go-between nature of tankini has rendered its name to things ranging from a lemonade-based martini (Tankini Martini)[40] to server architecture (Tankini HipThread).[41] This type of swimwear is considered by some to provide modesty closer to that of a one piece suit but with the convenience of a two piece suit, such as not needing to remove the entire suit in order to use a lavatory.

Designer Anne Cole, described as a godmother of swimwear in the USA, was originator of this style.[42] She scored what would be her biggest hit in 1998 when her label introduced the tankini. A two-piece suit with a top half that covered more of the wearer's torso than a standard bikini top, the suit was an instant hit with customers.[43] Variations of the tankini, made of spandex-and-cotton or Lycra-and-nylon, have been named camkini, with spaghetti straps instead of tank-shaped straps over a bikini bottom, and even bandeaukini, with a bandeau worn as the top.[42] Tankinis come in a variety of styles, colors and shapes, some include features such as integrated push-up bras. It is particularly popular as children's beachwear,[44] and athletic outfit good enough for a triathlon.[45] According to Katherine Betts, Vogue's fashion-news director, this amphibious sportswear for sand or sea lets the user go rafting, playing volleyball and swimming without worrying about losing their top.[38]

Trikini

The trikini appeared briefly in 1967, defined as "a handkerchief and two small saucers." It reappeared a few years ago as a bikini bottom with a stringed halter of two triangular pieces of cloth covering the breasts.[46] The trikini top comes essentially in two separate parts.[47] The name of this woman's bathing suit is formed from bikini, replacing "bi-", meaning "two", with "tri-", meaning "three".[48] Writer William Safire wrote in The New York Times: "Stripping to essentials, if the trikini is three pieces, the bikini two and the monokini one, when will we see the zerokini?"[49] Dolce & Gabbana designed trikinis for Summer 2005 as three pieces of scintillating fabric that barely cover the wearer.[50] A variation on the bikini in which three pieces are sold together, such as a bikini with a tank top or a bikini with a one-piece suit is also sometimes called a trikini,[51] including a conventional two-piece with a glitzy band of rhinestones round the waist.[52] Israeli designer Gideon Oberson, known for his artistically inspired bathing suits, calls a two-piece suit but looks like a tank top that can be worn with a skirt or a pair of shorts designed by him a trikini.[53] Brazilian designer Amir Slama calls two scraps of silk connected with string he designed for skinny women a trikini.[54] A variation called a strapless bikini[55] or a no string bikini[56] by various manufacturers, this swimwear is often a combination of pasties with a matching maebari-style bottom.

Sling bikini

The sling bikini is also known as a "suspender bikini", "suspender thong", "slingshot bikini" or just "slingshot". It is a one-piece suit that provides as little or even less, coverage (or as much exposure) as a traditional bikini. Usually, a slingshot resembles a bikini bottom, but rather than the straps going around the hips or waist, the side straps extend upwards to cover the breasts and go over the shoulders, leaving the entire sides of the torso uncovered, but the nipples and pubic area covered. Behind the neck, the straps join and reach down the back to become a thong.[57] The variation of sling bikinis that has the straps simply encircle the neck and another set of straps pass around the midriff, instead of the straps passing over the neck and down the back, is called a pretzel bikini.[57] Corresponding to the advent of Lycra, these bikinis first emerged in the early 1990s, and is more popular on the beaches of Europe including Saint-Tropez, Marabella and Ibiza.[58] Suspender-like straps that running between the breasts and around the neck held the suit up were introduced in the mainstream in 1994. News reports said that within a week of putting the suit on their racks, New York's major stores had sold 150. San Francisco women ignored clergymen's warnings that "nakedness and paganism go hand in hand" so at season's end, more than 3000 were sold at $24 each.[59]

Bandeaukini

 
Bandeau top

A bandeaukini, alternatively called a bandini,[60] bandkini or bandikini, is a bandeau top, with no straps going over the shoulders, worn with any bikini bottom.[42][61] The appeal of the bandeau grew fast among young women,[62] with bandeau tops edging into the sales of the classic tankini.[63] Sometimes the same design has been called a bandeaukini and a tankini.[42]

A bandeau may be fastened in the front or back or be sufficiently elastic so as not to need a fastener at all. A bandeau may come with a detachable halter strap, for extra support. A strapless bandeau, or tube top, was also worn as casual wear and sports wear starting in the 1970s, and is sometimes worn as part of a sportswear ensemble.[64] Actress Halle Berry wore a skimpy pink bikini top with matching pants to the 2000 MTV Movie Awards, fueling the trend of wearing a bandeau top as an out-of-home dress.[65]

Skirtini

 
Skirtini

The skirtini, which features a bikini top and a small, skirted bottom, is an innovation for bikini-style clothes with more coverage.[66] In 2007, skirtinis by Juicy Couture were dubbed as one of the top new trends.[67][68] In 2011, The Daily Telegraph identified the skirted bikini as one of the top 10 swimwear design of the season.[69]

According to Anne-Marie Blondeau, marketing and communications coordinator for swimwear company Maillot Baltex, "There was a lot of swimsuits that looked like dresses and skirts, so when you think about skirtinis in that sense, yes it seems old... but the skirtini is a bit shorter than the average skirt."[70] Pre-bikini two piece beachwear used aprons, skirts or draped panels to conceal "private areas".[71] Two-piece swimsuits with usual skirt panels were popular the US before the government ordered a 10% reduction in fabric used in woman's swimwear in 1943 as wartime rationing.[72] Playsuits were a beachwear popular in the 1950s that featured a "modesty skirt" and a bandeau top.[73]

Styles

In one major fashion show in 1985 were two-piece suits with cropped tank tops instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux, suits that are bikinis in front and one-piece in back, suspender straps, ruffles, and daring, navel-baring cutouts.[12] Subsequent variations on the theme include the monokini, tankini, string bikini, thong, slingshot, minimini, teardrop, and micro.[11]

To meet fast-changing tastes, some of the manufacturers have made a business out of making made-to-order bikinis in around seven minutes.[74] Popular Brazilian beach markets have been identified as the source for the most diverse range of bikini merchandises.[75]

Bikini tops

 
Women wearing a bikini top and normal shorts.

Bikini tops come in several different styles and cuts, including a halter-style neck that offers more coverage and support, a strapless bandeau, a rectangular strip of fabric covering the breasts that minimizes large breasts, a top with cups similar to a push-up bra, and the more traditional triangle cups that lift and shape the breasts.[1]

There are four fundamental types of bare-midriff bikini tops: the brassière, halter, bandeau, and vest. These styles are differentiated by the number of shoulder straps and the resultant number of edges to the garment.[76] Some of these tops include a halter-style neck strap that offers more coverage and support, a strapless bandeau, a rectangular strip of fabric covering the breasts that minimizes large breasts, a top with cups similar to a push-up bra, and the more traditional triangle cups that lift and shape the breasts.[77][78][79]

Bikini bottoms

The website Bikini Science identifies 30 different types of bikini bottoms that vary in style, cut and the amount of rear coverage they offer. The coverage ranges from full, as in the case of more modest bottom pieces like briefs, shorts, or briefs with a small skirt-panel attached, to full buttock exposure, as in the case of the thong bikini.[77][80] Skimpier styles have narrow sides, including V-cut (in front), French cut (with high-cut sides) and low-cut string (with string sides).[1]

Materials

High-tech bikinis
  • Continuum Fashion and 3D printers Shapeways created world's first 3D printed bikini called N12 (short form for Nylon 12) in 2011 using Rhino 3D CAD software along with an algorithm written by 3D modeling expert Jenna Fizel.[81][82]
  • New York inventor Andrew Schneider invented a solar bikini in 2011 covering it with 40 flexible photovoltaic cells feeding into a USB connection that can plug straight into an iPod. Two hours of sunbathing is claimed to be enough to charge an iPod Shuffle.[83]
  • In 2003, chemical company BASF embedded nanoparticles of titanium dioxide into a nylon fabric, which was used for a prototype sun-protective bikini that maintained its UV protection when wet.[84]
  • French designer John Nouanesing created the Geekini in 2008, incorporating NES game controls into a bikini.[85]
  • Canadian swimwear makers Solestrom introduced two different types of UV indicator in its Smartswim bikinis in 2008 – photochromatic beads that darken with increased UV levels and an integrated LED display.[86][87][88]
  • First2Print, a digital fabric printing pioneer, collaborated with ESPI Fashion Design in 2005, to create the first digitally printed bikini that allowed exclusive artwork to be transferred onto bikinis.[89] Houston based bikini manufacturer Relleciga started mass marketing digitally printed bikinis in 2013.[90]
  • Amateur inventor Jill Silver introduced a backless and strapless bikini, named the Demikini, that used a gel under the arm to fix the top.[91]
  • Cole of California introduced in 1992 an inflatable bikini with push-up pads that worked like air-pump shoes.[92][93]
  • First introduced in 1969, "tan-through swimwear" uses fabric perforated with thousands of micro holes that are nearly invisible to the naked eye, but which let enough sunlight through to produce a line-free tan.[94][95][96]

Bikinis have been made out of just about every material used in fashion.[97] The fabrics and other materials used to make bikinis are an essential element of their style and crucial modifiers of swimsuit design.[97] The use of cotton made the swimsuit more practical, and the increased reliance on stretch fabric after 1960 simplified construction; alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet, leather, and crocheted squares surfaced in the early 1970s.[3] Crochet, lace, PVC, raffia, fur, latex, velvet and other uncommon items are also used as bikini material.[98]

Fashion adviser Malia Mills has two basic criteria to check the material—it does not wrinkle into a bundle at the back, and nothing "falls out" when picking a towel or raising the arms.[99] For the female bodybuilder the material regulations are more stringent, as "the two pieces of the bikini are fastened together with two strings, and the fasteners as all as the bikini must not consist of metallic material or padding."[100]

Cotton

Modern bikinis were first made of cotton and jersey. Today bikinis are made with mostly made with treated fabric, having been stretched over a plastic mold, then baked in order to set its shape and create bikini brassieres.[101] They are usually lined with fabric which is designed to stop them becoming transparent when wet.[102] The use of cotton made the swimsuit more practical, and the increased reliance on stretch fabric after 1960 simplified construction. Alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet, leather, and crocheted squares surfaced in the early 1970s.[3]

Nylon

The stretch nylon bikini briefs and bras which complemented the adolescent boutique fashions of the 1960s also allowed those to be minimal.[103] Women on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro and Saint-Tropez went even further, forgoing all rear-view coverage to show off their thongs.[104]

Spandex

When DuPont introduced Lycra (DuPont's brand name for spandex) in the 1960s,[105] a stretch fibre that allowed them to stitch tinier pieces of fabric, it changed how suits were designed and who could wear them. Spandex expanded the range of novelty fabrics available to designers which meant suits could be made to fit like a second skin without heavy linings streamlined athletic styles, emphasizing high-tech fabrics and finishes.[106] "The advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini," wrote Kelly Killoren Bensimon, a former model and author of The Bikini Book, "It didn't sag, it didn't bag, and it concealed and revealed. It wasn't so much like lingerie anymore."[107] It allowed designers to create the string bikini, and allowed Rudi Gernreich to create the topless monokini.[108]

Retailer Marks & Spencer reintroduced spandex as an alternative to nylon in swimsuits in the 1960s.[109] While spandex is used in most swimsuits designs because of its high elasticity, lower expense,[105] and water wicking nature, its major drawback is that it breaks down in chlorine, commonly found in swimming pools. When worn daily, a swimsuit made of spandex will break down in about 2–3 months.[110] Speedo introduced Fastskin in 2007 as the lightest and fastest material for competitive swimwear. Unlike spandex, it does not break down in chlorine.[105]

Uncommon materials

 
"Vegetable Bikini" as part of PETA campaign

Bikinis have been made out of just about every material known.[97] UK actress Diana Dors wore a mink bikini designed by Julie Harris at the Cannes Film Festival to become an instant sensation.[111][112][113] In 1967, a bikini made of paper was introduced in France, which disintegrated when in water.[114][115] Italian sportswear designer Emilio Pucci produced bikinis in soft silk jersey in his signature style. Norma Kamali's innovative designs utilized gold Lurex for a shiny sexy swimsuit.[3]

Rio de Janeiro designer Triya created a rigid metal bandeau top that looked a cast of the model's chest.[116] Designer Laura Jane created bikinis made of neoprene, the rubber-like material used to make wetsuits, in 1989.[117] Fernando Garcia, a bikini designer in South Beach, Miami, turns various exotic material into bikinis including blacklight paint, python skin, Mongolian sheepskin fringe and black fox material.[118]

PETA used "Lettuce Bikinis" to promote vegetarianism in 2010. Apart from storming streets with women wearing bikinis made of faux lettuce, the activist organization had a number of celebrities to be their "Lettuce Ladies" including Pamela Anderson, Elizabeth Berkley, Jayde Nicole, Alicia Mayer, Courtney Stodden and others.[119] Pop star Lady Gaga wore a "meat bikini" (not to be confused with the meat dress), for the cover of Vogue,[120] which was criticized by PETA.[121]

Eco-friendly material

 
Sarah Bellum riding her cruiser skateboard in an upcycled plastic bag bikini. The plastic bag-style bikini was created in a bid to reduce plastic waste in the oceans [122]

By the 2010s, a number of manufacturers came up with environmentally-friendly bikinis that used organic cotton, organic bamboo fibres, fabric remnants, post-consumer plastic including water bottles, discarded fishnet, recycled nylon, even soy (all of which used eco-friendly dyes).[123][124][125][126] Inventor Claudia Escobar made bikinis out of tanned and dyed salmon skin in 2003 which earned a Green Seal of approval for sustainable products.[127]

Precious metal and jewels

A platinum bikini valued at US $9500 was made by Mappin and Webb of London in 1977, and was worn by Miss United Kingdom in that year's Miss World beauty pageant. It was entered as a Guinness World Record for the most expensive bikini.[128] A more expensive but exclusive bikini was designed in February 2006 by Susan Rosen. The bikini, made up of over 150 carats (30 g) of flawless diamonds, was worth an estimated £20 million.[129] Pistol Panties, a label favored by celebrities like Victoria Beckham and Kate Moss, introduced a UK£2,000 bikini in 2009. Unsuitable for swimming, it was covered with 5,000 Swarovski crystals.[130][131]

Pattern

 
Bikinis come in a variety of patterns, including stripes, polka dots, and animal print

Bikini precursors and the first modern bikinis were made of cotton and jersey and were mostly striped or monochrome. Réard introduced the first printed material for bikini.[132] By the 1970s, when American women were catching up with the Europeans attitudes, bikini variants started to diversify widely. Flower patterns became popular in the late 1960s.[133] Designers like Tom Brigance at Lord & Taylor department store cut his swimwear from colorful cottons in stripes, large prints, and polka dots to give early bikinis a more tailored look.[3]

In April 2004, followers of Buddhism protested against a bikini design by Victoria's Secret that featured an image of Buddha.[134] Buddhists were again upset in 2005, when organizers of Miss Universe photographed bikini-clad contestants in front of Buddhist religious sites in Thailand.[135]

See also

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External links

  • Evolution on the swimwear on Fashion Era
  • Bikini exhibition
  • (archived webpage)

bikini, variants, bikini, spawned, many, stylistic, variations, regular, bikini, piece, swimsuit, that, together, covers, wearer, crotch, buttocks, breasts, some, bikini, designs, cover, larger, portions, wearer, body, while, other, designs, provide, minimal, . The bikini has spawned many stylistic variations A regular bikini is a two piece swimsuit that together covers the wearer s crotch buttocks and breasts Some bikini designs cover larger portions of the wearer s body while other designs provide minimal coverage Topless variants are still sometimes considered bikinis although they are technically not a two piece swimsuit 1 Since the bikini was introduced in 1946 it has generated a number of variations often smaller and more revealing than the original Contents 1 Terminology 2 Variants 2 1 String bikini 2 2 Monokini 2 3 Microkini 2 4 Tankini 2 5 Trikini 2 6 Sling bikini 2 7 Bandeaukini 2 8 Skirtini 3 Styles 3 1 Bikini tops 3 2 Bikini bottoms 4 Materials 4 1 Cotton 4 2 Nylon 4 3 Spandex 4 4 Uncommon materials 4 5 Eco friendly material 4 6 Precious metal and jewels 5 Pattern 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksTerminology EditWhile the name bikini was applied to the skimpy fashion that first revealed the wearer s navel the fashion industry considers any two piece swimsuit a bikini 2 Modern bikini fashions today are characterized by a simple brief design two triangles of fabric that form a bra and cover the woman s breasts and two triangles of fabric on the bottom forming a panty cut below the navel 3 that cover the groin in front and the buttocks in back 3 The amount of coverage can vary widely from a string bikini with very little coverage to a full design with maximum coverage A topless swimsuit may still be considered a bikini although naturally it is no longer a two piece swimsuit 1 These derivations of the word bikini were created through inappropriate analogy with words like bilingual bifocal and bilateral which contain the Latin prefix bi meaning two in Latin the word bikini was first back derived as consisting of two parts bi kini by Rudi Gernreich when he designed the monokini in 1964 4 Later swimsuit designs like the tankini and trikini were also named based on the erroneous assumption that the bi in bikini denotes a two piece swimsuit 5 These new coinages falsely presumed that the back formation bi kini was purposeful 6 7 The kini family as dubbed by author William Safire 8 including the ini sisters as dubbed by designer Anne Cole 9 has grown to include a large number of subsequent variations often with a hilarious lexicon 10 Major stylistic variations and an array of spinoff styles include string bikini monokini or numokini single top part missing tankini tank top bikini bottom camikini camisole top and bikini bottom hikini or hipkini thong slingshot or sling bikini actually a one piece swimsuit minimini teardrop seekini transparent bikini microkini and granny bikini bikini top and boy shorts bottom 10 11 In just one major fashion show in 1985 there were two piece suits with cropped tank tops instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux suits that are bikinis in front and one piece behind suspender straps ruffles and daring navel baring cutouts 12 Variants EditString bikini Edit Woman wearing string bikini A string bikini or stringkini is scantier and more revealing than a regular bikini It gets its name from the string characteristics of its design It consists of two triangular shaped pieces connected at the groin but not at the sides where a thin string wraps around the waist connecting the two parts String bikini tops are similar and are tied in place by the attached string pieces String pieces can either be continuous or tied A string bikini bottom can have minimal to a maximum coverage of a woman s backside The term string bikini first came into use in 1974 13 It is claimed that Brazilian fashion model Rose di Primo pt created the first string bikini when she had to sew one with insufficient fabric available to her for a photo shoot The first formal presentation of string bikini was done by Glen Tortorich a public relations agent and his wife Brandi Perret DuJon a fashion model for the opening of Le Petite Centre a shopping area in the French Quarter of New Orleans Louisiana in 1974 Inspired by a picture of a Rio de Janeiro fashion model in an issue of Women s Wear Daily they had local fashion designer Lapin create a string bikini for the event Models recruited by talent agent Peter Dasigner presented it by removing fur coats by Alberto Lemon on stage The presentation was covered by local television stations and the New Orleans Times Picayune newspaper and was sent out via the wire news services of the Associated Press and United Press International String bikinis are one of the most popular variations of bikinis 14 Bikinis are also worn at the hips but the fabric at the sides is narrower In the string bikini it disappears altogether to leave the waistband as a string The rear coverage of the bikini is not as full as with the brief Bikini is the most widely worn style among women worldwide 15 The tied strings can accidentally come undone leading to a wardrobe malfunction as happened to Miss Guarico at the Miss Venezuela 2008 beauty pageant 16 Monokini Edit Main article Monokini Rudi Gernreich s original 1964 monokini A monokini more commonly referred to as a topless swimsuit and sometimes referred to as a unikini is a women s one piece swimsuit equivalent to the lower half of a bikini 17 18 19 In 1964 Rudi Gernreich an Austrian fashion designer designed the original monokini in the US 20 Gernreich also invented its name and the word monokini is first recorded in English that year Gernreich s monokini looked like a one piece swimsuit suspended from two halter straps in the cleavage of bared breasts It had only two small straps over the shoulders leaving the breasts bare Despite the reaction of fashion critics and church officials shoppers purchased the monokini in record numbers that summer though very few monokinis were ever worn in public By the end of the season Gernreich had sold 3000 swimsuits at 24 apiece which meant a tidy profit for such a minuscule amount of fabric 21 Monokini usage is uncommon in the USA where Americans have never accepted it for the beach 22 Many women who wanted to sunbathe topless simply wore the bottom part of a bikini Manufacturers and retailers quickly adapted to selling tops and bottoms separately Gernreich later created the lesser known pubikini 23 Peggy Moffitt modelled the suit for Gernreich She said it was a logical evolution of Gernreich s avant garde ideas in swimwear design as much as a scandalous symbol of the permissive society 22 In the 1960s the monokini led the way into the sexual revolution by emphasizing a woman s personal freedom of dress even when her attire was provocative and exposed more skin than had been the norm during the more conservative 1950s Like all swimsuits the monokini bottom portion of the swimsuit can vary in cut Some have g string style backs while others provide full coverage of the rear The bottom of the monokini may be high cut reaching to the waist with high cut legs or may be a much lower cut exposing the belly button The modern monokini which is less racy than Gernreich s original design takes its design from the bikini and is also described as more of a cut out one piece swimsuit 24 with designers using fabric mesh chain or other materials to link the top and bottom sections together though the appearance may not be functional but rather only aesthetic 25 In recent years the term has come into use for topless bathing by women where the bikini has two parts the monokini is the lower part Where monokinis are in use the word bikini may jokingly refer to a two piece outfit consisting of a monokini and a sun hat 26 The original monokini is still sold by Victoria s Secret as a half kini 27 Microkini Edit See also Thong and G string A yellow microkini A microkini or micro bikini is an extremely minimalist bikini 28 covering little more than the nipples and pubic hair 29 Micro bikini designs for men were introduced at the end of the 1960s consisting of briefs that barely covered the coccyx and the pubic hair 30 These micro bikinis for men have continued to be popular in Brazil particularly in Copacabana Rio de Janeiro 31 During the 1980s the popularity of highly revealing thongs such as those found in the microkini led to a rise in the use of Brazilian waxing to remove most of the hair from the pubic area 32 In 1995 fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld created a micro bikini for Chanel s spring 1996 collection It resembled a string bikini except that the top s triangles were replaced with two small circles resembling nipple pasties 33 Some variations of the microkini use adhesive or wire to hold the fabric in place over the genitals These designs do not require any additional side straps to keep the garment in place The most radical variations of the microkini are simply thin straps that cover little or none of the wearer s body The term microkini was coined in 1995 in an online community dedicated to enthusiasts of extreme designs citation needed See through material is sometimes used for the straps to create the illusion that the triangles of fabric are taped to the body 34 Microkinis keep the wearer just within legal limits of decency and fill a niche between nudism and conservative swimwear In Europe the wearing of microkinis at beaches or hotels or public pools is often allowed 35 but it may be considered culturally inappropriate in more conservative societies 36 Tankini Edit Main article Tankini See also Sleeveless shirt Tankini The tankini is a swimsuit combining a tank top mostly made of spandex and cotton or Lycra and nylon and a bikini bottom introduced in the late 1990s 37 38 39 According to author William Safire The most recent evolution of the kini family is the tankini a cropped tank top supported by spaghetti like strings 8 The tankini is distinguished from the classic bikini by the difference in tops the top of the tankini essentially being a tank top The tankini top extends downward to somewhere between just above the navel and the top of the hips The word is a neologism combining the tank of tank top with the end of the word bikini This go between nature of tankini has rendered its name to things ranging from a lemonade based martini Tankini Martini 40 to server architecture Tankini HipThread 41 This type of swimwear is considered by some to provide modesty closer to that of a one piece suit but with the convenience of a two piece suit such as not needing to remove the entire suit in order to use a lavatory Designer Anne Cole described as a godmother of swimwear in the USA was originator of this style 42 She scored what would be her biggest hit in 1998 when her label introduced the tankini A two piece suit with a top half that covered more of the wearer s torso than a standard bikini top the suit was an instant hit with customers 43 Variations of the tankini made of spandex and cotton or Lycra and nylon have been named camkini with spaghetti straps instead of tank shaped straps over a bikini bottom and even bandeaukini with a bandeau worn as the top 42 Tankinis come in a variety of styles colors and shapes some include features such as integrated push up bras It is particularly popular as children s beachwear 44 and athletic outfit good enough for a triathlon 45 According to Katherine Betts Vogue s fashion news director this amphibious sportswear for sand or sea lets the user go rafting playing volleyball and swimming without worrying about losing their top 38 Trikini Edit Main article Trikini The trikini appeared briefly in 1967 defined as a handkerchief and two small saucers It reappeared a few years ago as a bikini bottom with a stringed halter of two triangular pieces of cloth covering the breasts 46 The trikini top comes essentially in two separate parts 47 The name of this woman s bathing suit is formed from bikini replacing bi meaning two with tri meaning three 48 Writer William Safire wrote in The New York Times Stripping to essentials if the trikini is three pieces the bikini two and the monokini one when will we see the zerokini 49 Dolce amp Gabbana designed trikinis for Summer 2005 as three pieces of scintillating fabric that barely cover the wearer 50 A variation on the bikini in which three pieces are sold together such as a bikini with a tank top or a bikini with a one piece suit is also sometimes called a trikini 51 including a conventional two piece with a glitzy band of rhinestones round the waist 52 Israeli designer Gideon Oberson known for his artistically inspired bathing suits calls a two piece suit but looks like a tank top that can be worn with a skirt or a pair of shorts designed by him a trikini 53 Brazilian designer Amir Slama calls two scraps of silk connected with string he designed for skinny women a trikini 54 A variation called a strapless bikini 55 or a no string bikini 56 by various manufacturers this swimwear is often a combination of pasties with a matching maebari style bottom Sling bikini Edit Main article Sling swimsuit The sling bikini is also known as a suspender bikini suspender thong slingshot bikini or just slingshot It is a one piece suit that provides as little or even less coverage or as much exposure as a traditional bikini Usually a slingshot resembles a bikini bottom but rather than the straps going around the hips or waist the side straps extend upwards to cover the breasts and go over the shoulders leaving the entire sides of the torso uncovered but the nipples and pubic area covered Behind the neck the straps join and reach down the back to become a thong 57 The variation of sling bikinis that has the straps simply encircle the neck and another set of straps pass around the midriff instead of the straps passing over the neck and down the back is called a pretzel bikini 57 Corresponding to the advent of Lycra these bikinis first emerged in the early 1990s and is more popular on the beaches of Europe including Saint Tropez Marabella and Ibiza 58 Suspender like straps that running between the breasts and around the neck held the suit up were introduced in the mainstream in 1994 News reports said that within a week of putting the suit on their racks New York s major stores had sold 150 San Francisco women ignored clergymen s warnings that nakedness and paganism go hand in hand so at season s end more than 3000 were sold at 24 each 59 Bandeaukini Edit Bandeau top A bandeaukini alternatively called a bandini 60 bandkini or bandikini is a bandeau top with no straps going over the shoulders worn with any bikini bottom 42 61 The appeal of the bandeau grew fast among young women 62 with bandeau tops edging into the sales of the classic tankini 63 Sometimes the same design has been called a bandeaukini and a tankini 42 A bandeau may be fastened in the front or back or be sufficiently elastic so as not to need a fastener at all A bandeau may come with a detachable halter strap for extra support A strapless bandeau or tube top was also worn as casual wear and sports wear starting in the 1970s and is sometimes worn as part of a sportswear ensemble 64 Actress Halle Berry wore a skimpy pink bikini top with matching pants to the 2000 MTV Movie Awards fueling the trend of wearing a bandeau top as an out of home dress 65 Skirtini Edit Skirtini The skirtini which features a bikini top and a small skirted bottom is an innovation for bikini style clothes with more coverage 66 In 2007 skirtinis by Juicy Couture were dubbed as one of the top new trends 67 68 In 2011 The Daily Telegraph identified the skirted bikini as one of the top 10 swimwear design of the season 69 According to Anne Marie Blondeau marketing and communications coordinator for swimwear company Maillot Baltex There was a lot of swimsuits that looked like dresses and skirts so when you think about skirtinis in that sense yes it seems old but the skirtini is a bit shorter than the average skirt 70 Pre bikini two piece beachwear used aprons skirts or draped panels to conceal private areas 71 Two piece swimsuits with usual skirt panels were popular the US before the government ordered a 10 reduction in fabric used in woman s swimwear in 1943 as wartime rationing 72 Playsuits were a beachwear popular in the 1950s that featured a modesty skirt and a bandeau top 73 Styles EditIn one major fashion show in 1985 were two piece suits with cropped tank tops instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux suits that are bikinis in front and one piece in back suspender straps ruffles and daring navel baring cutouts 12 Subsequent variations on the theme include the monokini tankini string bikini thong slingshot minimini teardrop and micro 11 To meet fast changing tastes some of the manufacturers have made a business out of making made to order bikinis in around seven minutes 74 Popular Brazilian beach markets have been identified as the source for the most diverse range of bikini merchandises 75 Bikini tops Edit Women wearing a bikini top and normal shorts Bikini tops come in several different styles and cuts including a halter style neck that offers more coverage and support a strapless bandeau a rectangular strip of fabric covering the breasts that minimizes large breasts a top with cups similar to a push up bra and the more traditional triangle cups that lift and shape the breasts 1 There are four fundamental types of bare midriff bikini tops the brassiere halter bandeau and vest These styles are differentiated by the number of shoulder straps and the resultant number of edges to the garment 76 Some of these tops include a halter style neck strap that offers more coverage and support a strapless bandeau a rectangular strip of fabric covering the breasts that minimizes large breasts a top with cups similar to a push up bra and the more traditional triangle cups that lift and shape the breasts 77 78 79 Bikini bottoms Edit The website Bikini Science identifies 30 different types of bikini bottoms that vary in style cut and the amount of rear coverage they offer The coverage ranges from full as in the case of more modest bottom pieces like briefs shorts or briefs with a small skirt panel attached to full buttock exposure as in the case of the thong bikini 77 80 Skimpier styles have narrow sides including V cut in front French cut with high cut sides and low cut string with string sides 1 Materials EditHigh tech bikinis Continuum Fashion and 3D printers Shapeways created world s first 3D printed bikini called N12 short form for Nylon 12 in 2011 using Rhino 3D CAD software along with an algorithm written by 3D modeling expert Jenna Fizel 81 82 New York inventor Andrew Schneider invented a solar bikini in 2011 covering it with 40 flexible photovoltaic cells feeding into a USB connection that can plug straight into an iPod Two hours of sunbathing is claimed to be enough to charge an iPod Shuffle 83 In 2003 chemical company BASF embedded nanoparticles of titanium dioxide into a nylon fabric which was used for a prototype sun protective bikini that maintained its UV protection when wet 84 French designer John Nouanesing created the Geekini in 2008 incorporating NES game controls into a bikini 85 Canadian swimwear makers Solestrom introduced two different types of UV indicator in its Smartswim bikinis in 2008 photochromatic beads that darken with increased UV levels and an integrated LED display 86 87 88 First2Print a digital fabric printing pioneer collaborated with ESPI Fashion Design in 2005 to create the first digitally printed bikini that allowed exclusive artwork to be transferred onto bikinis 89 Houston based bikini manufacturer Relleciga started mass marketing digitally printed bikinis in 2013 90 Amateur inventor Jill Silver introduced a backless and strapless bikini named the Demikini that used a gel under the arm to fix the top 91 Cole of California introduced in 1992 an inflatable bikini with push up pads that worked like air pump shoes 92 93 First introduced in 1969 tan through swimwear uses fabric perforated with thousands of micro holes that are nearly invisible to the naked eye but which let enough sunlight through to produce a line free tan 94 95 96 See also High technology swimwear fabric Bikinis have been made out of just about every material used in fashion 97 The fabrics and other materials used to make bikinis are an essential element of their style and crucial modifiers of swimsuit design 97 The use of cotton made the swimsuit more practical and the increased reliance on stretch fabric after 1960 simplified construction alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet leather and crocheted squares surfaced in the early 1970s 3 Crochet lace PVC raffia fur latex velvet and other uncommon items are also used as bikini material 98 Fashion adviser Malia Mills has two basic criteria to check the material it does not wrinkle into a bundle at the back and nothing falls out when picking a towel or raising the arms 99 For the female bodybuilder the material regulations are more stringent as the two pieces of the bikini are fastened together with two strings and the fasteners as all as the bikini must not consist of metallic material or padding 100 Cotton Edit Modern bikinis were first made of cotton and jersey Today bikinis are made with mostly made with treated fabric having been stretched over a plastic mold then baked in order to set its shape and create bikini brassieres 101 They are usually lined with fabric which is designed to stop them becoming transparent when wet 102 The use of cotton made the swimsuit more practical and the increased reliance on stretch fabric after 1960 simplified construction Alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet leather and crocheted squares surfaced in the early 1970s 3 Nylon Edit The stretch nylon bikini briefs and bras which complemented the adolescent boutique fashions of the 1960s also allowed those to be minimal 103 Women on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro and Saint Tropez went even further forgoing all rear view coverage to show off their thongs 104 Spandex Edit When DuPont introduced Lycra DuPont s brand name for spandex in the 1960s 105 a stretch fibre that allowed them to stitch tinier pieces of fabric it changed how suits were designed and who could wear them Spandex expanded the range of novelty fabrics available to designers which meant suits could be made to fit like a second skin without heavy linings streamlined athletic styles emphasizing high tech fabrics and finishes 106 The advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini wrote Kelly Killoren Bensimon a former model and author of The Bikini Book It didn t sag it didn t bag and it concealed and revealed It wasn t so much like lingerie anymore 107 It allowed designers to create the string bikini and allowed Rudi Gernreich to create the topless monokini 108 Retailer Marks amp Spencer reintroduced spandex as an alternative to nylon in swimsuits in the 1960s 109 While spandex is used in most swimsuits designs because of its high elasticity lower expense 105 and water wicking nature its major drawback is that it breaks down in chlorine commonly found in swimming pools When worn daily a swimsuit made of spandex will break down in about 2 3 months 110 Speedo introduced Fastskin in 2007 as the lightest and fastest material for competitive swimwear Unlike spandex it does not break down in chlorine 105 Uncommon materials Edit Vegetable Bikini as part of PETA campaign Bikinis have been made out of just about every material known 97 UK actress Diana Dors wore a mink bikini designed by Julie Harris at the Cannes Film Festival to become an instant sensation 111 112 113 In 1967 a bikini made of paper was introduced in France which disintegrated when in water 114 115 Italian sportswear designer Emilio Pucci produced bikinis in soft silk jersey in his signature style Norma Kamali s innovative designs utilized gold Lurex for a shiny sexy swimsuit 3 Rio de Janeiro designer Triya created a rigid metal bandeau top that looked a cast of the model s chest 116 Designer Laura Jane created bikinis made of neoprene the rubber like material used to make wetsuits in 1989 117 Fernando Garcia a bikini designer in South Beach Miami turns various exotic material into bikinis including blacklight paint python skin Mongolian sheepskin fringe and black fox material 118 PETA used Lettuce Bikinis to promote vegetarianism in 2010 Apart from storming streets with women wearing bikinis made of faux lettuce the activist organization had a number of celebrities to be their Lettuce Ladies including Pamela Anderson Elizabeth Berkley Jayde Nicole Alicia Mayer Courtney Stodden and others 119 Pop star Lady Gaga wore a meat bikini not to be confused with the meat dress for the cover of Vogue 120 which was criticized by PETA 121 Eco friendly material Edit Sarah Bellum riding her cruiser skateboard in an upcycled plastic bag bikini The plastic bag style bikini was created in a bid to reduce plastic waste in the oceans 122 By the 2010s a number of manufacturers came up with environmentally friendly bikinis that used organic cotton organic bamboo fibres fabric remnants post consumer plastic including water bottles discarded fishnet recycled nylon even soy all of which used eco friendly dyes 123 124 125 126 Inventor Claudia Escobar made bikinis out of tanned and dyed salmon skin in 2003 which earned a Green Seal of approval for sustainable products 127 Precious metal and jewels Edit A platinum bikini valued at US 9500 was made by Mappin and Webb of London in 1977 and was worn by Miss United Kingdom in that year s Miss World beauty pageant It was entered as a Guinness World Record for the most expensive bikini 128 A more expensive but exclusive bikini was designed in February 2006 by Susan Rosen The bikini made up of over 150 carats 30 g of flawless diamonds was worth an estimated 20 million 129 Pistol Panties a label favored by celebrities like Victoria Beckham and Kate Moss introduced a UK 2 000 bikini in 2009 Unsuitable for swimming it was covered with 5 000 Swarovski crystals 130 131 Pattern Edit Bikinis come in a variety of patterns including stripes polka dots and animal print Bikini precursors and the first modern bikinis were made of cotton and jersey and were mostly striped or monochrome Reard introduced the first printed material for bikini 132 By the 1970s when American women were catching up with the Europeans attitudes bikini variants started to diversify widely Flower patterns became popular in the late 1960s 133 Designers like Tom Brigance at Lord amp Taylor department store cut his swimwear from colorful cottons in stripes large prints and polka dots to give early bikinis a more tailored look 3 In April 2004 followers of Buddhism protested against a bikini design by Victoria s Secret that featured an image of Buddha 134 Buddhists were again upset in 2005 when organizers of Miss Universe photographed bikini clad contestants in front of Buddhist religious sites in Thailand 135 See also EditBikini waxing Burqini Facekini History of the bikini Bikini in popular cultureReferences Edit a b c d Bikini Archived 2010 01 05 at the Wayback Machine Swimsuit Styles Patton Susan Ruiz 11 September 1997 A Bikini Isn t The Choice Of Miss Pa For The First Time In 77 Years Contestants In Miss America Pageant Can Choose Their Swimwear Heather Busin Prefers One piece McCalls Archived from the original on 13 October 2013 Retrieved 27 August 2013 a b c d e f Charleston Beth Duncuff October 2004 The Bikini Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art Retrieved 15 August 2013 Gold David L 2009 Studies in Etymology and Etiology Universidad de Alicante p 101 ISBN 978 8479085179 Gurmit Singh Ishtla Singh 2013 The History of English Routledge pp 13 14 ISBN 978 1 4441 1924 4 the bi in bikini Retrieved 7 August 2013 Harper Douglas bikini Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 7 August 2013 a b William Safire No Uncertain Terms page 291 Simon amp Schuster 2003 ISBN 0 7432 4955 0 Trish Donnally Inis Are In San Francisco Chronicle 1999 05 18 a b Barry J Blake Playing with Words Humour in the English Language page 59 Equinox 2007 ISBN 1 84553 330 5 a b David Diefendorf amp James Randi forword Amazing But False Hundreds of Facts You Thought Were True But Aren t page 33 Sterling 2007 ISBN 1 4027 3791 2 a b Fashion Correspondent Swimsuits take some inspiration from the past Philadelphia Inquirer 1985 11 10 Algeo John Algeo Adele S 1993 Fifty Years Among the New Words A Dictionary of Neologisms 1941 1991 Centennial series of the American Dialect Society Cambridge University Press p 186 ISBN 9780521449717 Valerie Steele Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion page 121 Charles Scribner s Sons 2005 ISBN 0 684 31396 0 Kiron Mazharul Islam Panties and Bikinis Types of Panties A Brief History of Panty Textile Learner Retrieved 15 August 2013 Sudarshan Anvita 2022 Beauty Queen The Pathway to Pageantry Amaryllis an imprint of Manjul Publishing House p 315 ISBN 9789390924103 The Concise Oxford Dictionary 2004 ed Everything Bikini Everything Bikini Archived from the original on 2012 07 29 Retrieved 2012 11 12 Bikini Science Bikini Science Archived from the original on 2010 01 08 Retrieved 2012 11 12 Gernreich Bio Gernreich steirischerbst at Retrieved 2012 11 12 Bikini Styles Monokini Archived 2012 07 29 at archive today Everything Bikini a b Menkes Suzy 18 July 1993 Runways Remembrance of Thongs Past The New York Times Retrieved 21 August 2019 overzero com Metroland Metroland Archived from the original on 2012 07 29 Retrieved 2012 11 12 Monokini LoveToKnow Archived from the original on 2008 10 26 Retrieved 2008 12 07 Wexler Kathryn July 17 2007 Swimsuit trends for next spring The Miami Herald Archived from the original on 22 December 2008 Retrieved 2008 12 07 Bikini Swimwear Definition Apparel Search Katya Foreman Why the bikini became a fashion classic BBC 13 September 2013 Microkini Archived 2011 07 14 at the Wayback Machine at Merriam Webster s Open Dictionary Berger Arthur Asa 2017 Reading Matter Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Material Culture Routledge p 111 ISBN 9781351494731 Hill Daniel Delis 2022 The History of Men s Underwear and Swimwear Second Edition Daniel Delis Hill p 109 ISBN 9780986425486 Balderston Danie Gonzalez Mike Lopez Ana M 2000 Encyclopedia of Contemporary Latin American and Caribbean Cultures A D Vol 1 Encyclopedias of contemporary culture series Taylor amp Francis p 387 ISBN 9780415131889 Pitts Taylor Victoria 2008 Cultural Encyclopedia of the Body 2 volumes ABC CLIO p 265 ISBN 9781567206913 Eckardt Stephanie 4 March 2019 You Can Now Wear Chanel s Infamous Micro Bikini For 72 Hours Only W Magazine Weiner Zoe 7 March 2018 Missguided s Clear Strap Bikini Is Already the Year s Most Confusing Swimsuit Allure Mistrik Erich Pseudo Concrete Ideals Of A Good Life Human Affairs 2 2008 Department of Social amp Biological Communication Slovenska Akademia Vied Slovakia Scanlan Rebekah 22 March 2022 Influencer told to cover up micro bikini on holiday to Cocos Island news com au Tankini Oup com Retrieved 2013 03 14 a b Davis Alisha 4 May 1998 It Rhymes With Bikini Newsweek Archived from the original on 24 December 2008 Becky Homan Tankini goes over the top St Louis Post Dispatch 1999 04 03 Cornelia Schinharl Sebastian Dickhaut amp Kelsey Lane Party Basics Everything You Need for the World s Best Party page 98 Silverback Books 2002 ISBN 1 930603 91 6 Don Jones amp Mark D Scott Using Microsoft Commerce Server 2002 page 211 Que Publishing 2002 ISBN 0 7897 2763 3 a b c d Becky Homan Tankini goes over the top Page 42 St Louis Post Dispatch 1999 04 03 Laura Avery amp Thomson Gale Newsmakers Cumulation page 118 Thomson Gale 2007 ISBN 0 7876 8091 5 Samantha Critchell June 4 2008 Tankinis and rash guards rock with comfort protection for kids The Seattle Times Zoe McDonald amp Lisa Buckingham Triathlon Made Easy page 52 Collins amp Brown 2008 ISBN 1 84340 433 8 William Safire No Uncertain Terms page 291 Simon amp Schuster 2004 ISBN 0 7432 5812 6 John Ayto Ian Crofton amp Ebenezer Cobham Brewer Brewer s Dictionary of Modern Phrase amp Fable page 78 Weidenfeld amp Nicolson 2006 ISBN 0 304 36809 1 Robert L Chapman amp Harold Wentworth New Dictionary of American Slang page 446 Harper amp Row 1986 ISBN 0 06 181157 2 William Safire June 11 1999 The Way We Live Now 7 11 99 On Language Swim Suits The New York Times Magazine Associated Press Free and easy The Age Australia 2004 06 29 John Karl Under cover Designers are wrapping swimsuits with stylish designs Sarasota Herald Tribune 200 02 08 Katia Dolmadjian The hottest trends from Milan Archived 2018 01 30 at the Wayback Machine iAfrica 2007 09 28 Meredith Price Levitt Sabra Style Sizzling summer swimwear permanent dead link The Jerusalem Post 2008 07 13 Amy Diluna For those who dare he does bare Brazilian designer reinvents itsy bitsy teeny weeny bikini Daily News New York 2004 09 11 Pastease website Strapless Bikini Pastease com au Retrieved 2013 03 14 Bikini Micro 2013 01 08 No String Bikini Bikinidotmicro blogspot com Retrieved 2013 03 14 a b Jenny Pate History of the swimsuit Archived 2008 09 07 at the Wayback Machine Article Dashboard Slingshot Suspender Bikinis A History Archived July 30 2012 at the Wayback Machine Love to know swimsuits Glam Publisher Network Fashion Correspondent Itsy bitsy teenie weenie trivia think swimsuits If two pieces and t backs are all that come to mind think again Miami Herald page 1G 1995 07 15 Archived 2020 10 22 at the Wayback Machine Kelly Killoren Bensimon The Bikini Book Assouline 2006 ISBN 2 84323 825 0 Patricia Marx On and Off the Avenue Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny page 32 The New Yorker August 31 2009 Volume 85 Issues 26 Just chillin This season s swimsuits boast new flirty styles retro looks Ocala Star Banner 2005 06 01 Rena Fulka Seasonal style The Star Tinley Park 2007 06 14 Bandeau Bikini Science Archived from the original on 22 April 2009 Retrieved 2009 04 20 Heat relief what suits are hot from tops to bottoms San Jose Mercury News page 1E 2001 06 08 Nada Manley Beauty amp the Beach The perfect swimsuit is out there honestly The Daytona Beach News Journal 2005 03 17 Que es el skirtini Trendencias 2007 04 17 Spanish Lestate dello skirtini Excite 2007 04 11 Italian Justine Picardie The Closet Thinker bathing beauties Telegraph Online 03 JULY 2011 Tanika White Flirty Skirts Today s hot swimsuits are cute and coy with an extra flounce of fabric The Baltimore Sun 2005 05 15 Amy T Peterson Ann T Kellogg The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing Through American History Volume 1 page 315 ABC CLIO 2008 ISBN 0 313 04334 5 Bikini Introduced Archived 2009 04 19 at the Wayback Machine This Day in History History Channel Anne Rooney The 1950s and 1960s page 44 Infobase Publishing 2009 ISBN 1 60413 385 6 Siobhan Morrissey August 28 1991 Bikinis made in teeny weeny time The Palm Beach Post p 1D Mick Day amp Ben Box Rio de Janeiro Handbook page 66 Footprint Travel Guides 2000 ISBN 1 900949 80 6 Rosebush Judson Soutien gorge Defined Soutien Gorge Species Bikini Science Archived from the original on 10 July 2013 Retrieved 15 August 2013 a b Bikini Bottoms Everything Bikini Archived from the original on August 28 2013 Retrieved 15 August 2013 It seems that most of the bikini styles with an exception of the thong are categorized by the style of the top The bandini the tankini the halter bikini and the monokini are all distinguished by the cut and fit of the top The History of the Bikini History of Water Filters Retrieved 15 August 2013 BIKINI STYLES String Bikini Everything Bikini Archived from the original on 18 February 2006 Retrieved 15 August 2013 Rosebush Judson Culotte The Bikini Bottom Bikini Science Archived from the original on 2 January 2013 Retrieved 15 August 2013 Stephanie Pappas The 10 Weirdest Things Created By 3D Printing Live Science May 21 2013 Pawel Piejko World s first 3D printed bikini heads for the beach Gizmag June 9 2011 Rachel Wells Solar bikinis auto fit undies Clothes go hi tech Stuff 2007 12 13 Sunblock without the mess Wear a nano bikini and hat on the beach The Daily Telegraph April 10 2003 Retrieved April 13 2015 Scott Lowe Designer Crafts NES Inspired Bikini IGN 2008 08 18 Bikini with built in UV meter Coolest Gadgets 2 July 2006 Archived from the original on 8 July 2006 UV Intensity Bikini Talk to my shirt Hi tech bikini has built in exposure warning The Age Mike Hanlon First2Print digitally printed ready to wear swim apparel Gizmag 2005 09 30 Lace amp Digital Fabric Printing Relleciga Utilizes Cutting Edge Technologies and the Hottest Bikini Trends Wall Street Journal 2013 01 17 Itsy bitsy strapless gravity defying bikini The Telegraph UK 13 May 2004 Paula Yoo Inflatable Bikini Boom For The Bust Seattle Times 1992 11 11 New inflatable bikini has a pump you up system The Baltimore Sun July 29 1992 Taylor Angela October 17 1969 Tan Through Fabric Lets Sun Shine In The New York Times p 55 Retrieved November 30 2014 Scorecard No nudes is good news Sports Illustrated September 1 1969 Archived from the original on October 12 2013 Retrieved April 15 2015 Tan tastic bikini that lets rays shine through Daily Express May 30 2009 Retrieved September 17 2014 a b c Rosebush Judson Materials Bikini Science Archived from the original on 5 October 2013 Retrieved 15 August 2013 Rose Marie Turk In the Swim Velvet Raffia These and other unconventional fabrics are hitting the beach And in hues pine and wine anyone you never imagined Los Angeles Times page 1 1994 03 25 Maggie Davis amp Charlotte Williamson 101 Things to Buy Before You Die page 15 New Holland Publishers Ltd 2007 ISBN 1 84537 885 7 Maria R Lowe Women of Steel page 5 NYU Press 1998 ISBN 0 8147 5094 X Valerie Steele Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion page 253 Charles Scribner s Sons 2005 ISBN 0 684 31397 9 Textile Outlook International page 159 volume 124 126 Economist Publications Ltd 2006 Amy De La Haye The Cutting Edge 50 Years of British Fashion 1947 1997 page 183 Overlook Press 1997 ISBN 0 87951 763 8 The Bikini Turns 60 Archived 2016 09 09 at the Wayback Machine 1946 to 2006 60 Years of Bikini Bathing Beauties Lilith E Zine a b c Sydelle John The Swimsuit Industry Chron Retrieved 29 August 2013 Valerie Steele Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion page 255 Charles Scribner s Sons 2005 ISBN 0 684 31397 9 Rubin Sylvia 2 July 2006 Fashion shocker of 46 the naked belly button But the bikini wasn t a hit until Sixties San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved 19 August 2013 Sylvia Rubin Fashion shocker of 46 the naked belly button San Francisco Chronicle 2006 07 02 Pauline Weston Thomas Women s Swimwear in the 20th Century Fashion Era com Swim Suit Materials PDF Loveland Swim Club 8 May 2006 Archived from the original PDF on May 8 2006 Retrieved 29 August 2013 Diana Dors Biography Channel Bikini Encyclopedia com Cinema Visible Export Time October 10 1955 Angela Taylor Paper Expands Its Domain Wedding Dresses Shoes and Bikinis The New York Times page 58 1967 03 06 I love 1967 Fashion BBC Jenny Barchfield Rio fashion shows deliver bikinis in everything from see through mesh to rigid metal Times Colonists 2013 04 20 Karen Baclawski amp Negley Harte The Guide to Historic Costume page 35 B T Batsford 1995 ISBN 0 89676 137 1 Forbes FYI 2000 Forbes Inc 2000 Steven Stern Vegetarian activists try in your face tactics CNN com 2010 03 22 Lady Gaga s Meat Bikini Tasteful Or Tasteless Photos Poll The Huffington Post Lady Gaga dons raw meat on cover of Vogue Hommes Japan NY Daily News Thomas Hayley 30 September 2015 Trash to bikini One woman cleans beaches with artsy results New Times San Luis Obispo Retrieved 7 July 2021 Emma Grady The TreeHugger Swimsuit Issue 10 Sexy and Sustainable Styles to Soak Up the Summer Heat TreeHugger 2012 04 10 Starre Vartan Cute Green Bikinis The Daily Green dead link Yoneda Yuka 24 July 2011 14 Eco Friendly Swimsuits Bikinis and Board Shorts to Make a Splash In This Summer Inhabitat Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 The Itsy Bitsy Green Bikini The Iconic Two Piece Turns 63 Gets Recycled Fast Company Best Inventions of 2003 Fish Skin Bikini Time 2003 Donald McFarlan amp Norris McWhirter Guinness Book of World Records 1990 page 331 Bantam Books 1990 ISBN 0 553 28452 5 Dawson Jayne 25 July 2006 Sexy at 60 Yorkshire Evening Post Archived from the original on 27 May 2012 The 3 000 Bling kini You Can t Even Swim In The New York Times 2009 04 15 Waiting list for 2 000 bling kini Metro 2009 04 16 Stephanie Pedersen Bra A Thousand Years of Style Support and Seduction page 69 David amp Charles 2004 ISBN 0 7153 2067 X Nan Ickeringill Go Away Winter Flowers and Bikinis Are Here The New York Times page 40 1967 01 09 Buddha bikini upsets believers Express India Reuters 21 April 2004 Archived from the original on 1 December 2007 Beauty pageant s bikini shot incurs controversy in Buddhist Thailand People s Daily Online 2005 05 18 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bikini Evolution on the swimwear on Fashion Era Bikini Science A comprehensive site on the bikini and other women s swimsuits Bikini exhibition What is a micro bikini All you need to know about it archived webpage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bikini variants amp oldid 1134747702, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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