Berula erecta, known as lesser water-parsnip or cutleaf waterparsnip or narrow-leaved water-parsnip,[4] is a member of the carrot family. Growing to around 1 m (3 ft) tall, it is found in or by water.[5] It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America.[6][4][7][8]
Berula erecta has a hollow stem. Underwater leaves consist of compound with thread-like lobes; leaves above the surface of the water are flatter and broader. The plant produces many small white flowers in a compound umbel.[7]
Berula erecta occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe. It is found in the South West of England, especially in Devon. It typically resides in shallow aquatic environments containing moderate nutrient levels.[9] During the winter, its stem and body become completely submerged underwater. Berula erecta has been shown to survive and grow better after living in stressful conditions with either limiting or excess nutrients or mechanical stress.[10]
Berula erecta has toothed leaves from one and a half to two inches across, each containing around twenty white flowers. The plant can grow from around one to three feet tall.[11] The stalk has a pale ring at its base that makes the plant distinguishable, and has a scent of carrot or parsnip when crushed.[12]
The natural communities for Berula erecta are as listed:[13]
The Zuni people use Berula erecta as an ingredient of "schumaakwe cakes" and used it externally for rheumatism.[14] An infusion of the whole plant is used as wash for rashes and athlete's foot infection.[15]
Berula erecta has been studied for its essential oil that has been believed to possibly have medicinal uses.[9] The plant's essential oil has been shown to contain polyacetylenes. Polyacetylenes have a wide range of beneficial medicinal effects. One is its nematodicidal effects that could potentially be beneficial in agriculture[16] as well its positive effects on human health.[17] Polyacetylenes also are antifungal, antibacterial, and have antiallergenic and anti-inflammatory properties.[9]
However, medicinal use of pure polyacetylenes is not feasible due to their high chemical instability as well as a tendency to evoke allergic reactions.[18] For this reason, consuming smaller and less pure amounts of polyacetylenes from the essential oil of Berula erecta may be viable.[19]
Following the first cut of the season, Berula erecta will likely regrow and produce flowers several times again in the same growing season.[12]
The species is threatened by invasive wetland species such as watercress that can quickly destroy its habitat.[11]
Recommended steps to promote conservation of Berula erecta are keeping an open canopy for the species as well as maintenance of groundwater sources that may include periodic controlled burns.[13]
Referencesedit
^illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany
^de Belair, G.; Lansdown, R.V. (2013). "Berula erecta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T164378A13575878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T164378A13575878.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^ abc"Berula erecta (Cut-leaved water parsnip) - Michigan Natural Features Inventory". mnfi.anr.msu.edu. n.d. Retrieved 2018-12-04.
^Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 (p.44)
^Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye 1980 A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388(p.379)
^Chitwood, David J. (2002). "Phytochemicalbasedstrategies Fornematodecontrol". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 40 (1): 221–249. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 12147760.
^Brandt, K; Christensen, L.P; Hansen-Møller, J; Hansen, S.L; Haraldsdottir, J; Jespersen, L; Purup, S; Kharazmi, A; Barkholt, V (2004). "Health promoting compounds in vegetables and fruits". Trends in Food Science & Technology. 15 (7–8): 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2003.12.003. ISSN 0924-2244.
^Hausen, B. M.; Bröhas, J.; König, W. A.; Faasch, H.; Hahn, H.; Bruhn, G. (1987). "Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis from falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol in common ivy (Hedera helixL.)". Contact Dermatitis. 17 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb02634.x. ISSN 0105-1873. PMID 3652685. S2CID 38387422.
^Hansen, Susanne L; Purup, Stig; Christensen, Lars P (2003). "Bioactivity of falcarinol and the influenceof processing and storage on its content in carrots (Daucus carota L)". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 83 (10): 1010–1017. doi:10.1002/jsfa.1442. ISSN 0022-5142.
^"Berula erecta: de Belair, G. & Lansdown, R.V." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012-05-02. 2012-05-02. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2013-1.rlts.t164378a13575878.en. Retrieved 2018-12-04.|date= / |doi= mismatch
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berula erecta.
April 08, 2024
berula, erecta, known, lesser, water, parsnip, cutleaf, waterparsnip, narrow, leaved, water, parsnip, member, carrot, family, growing, around, tall, found, water, widespread, across, much, europe, asia, australia, north, america, 1885, illustration, conservati. Berula erecta known as lesser water parsnip or cutleaf waterparsnip or narrow leaved water parsnip 4 is a member of the carrot family Growing to around 1 m 3 ft tall it is found in or by water 5 It is widespread across much of Europe Asia Australia and North America 6 4 7 8 Berula erecta1885 illustration 1 Conservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 2 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder ApialesFamily ApiaceaeGenus BerulaSpecies B erectaBinomial nameBerula erecta Huds CovilleSynonyms 3 Synonymy Apium berula CaruelApium sium CrantzBerla monspeliensium BubaniBerula angustifolia GreeneBerula incisa Torr G N JonesBerula orientalis Woronow ex Schischk Berula pusilla Nutt FernaldCarum sioides J M BlackSelinum berula E H L KrauseSiella erecta Huds PimenovSium erectum Huds Sium incisum Torr Sium orientale SooSium pusillum Nutt Sium thunbergii DC Berula erecta has a hollow stem Underwater leaves consist of compound with thread like lobes leaves above the surface of the water are flatter and broader The plant produces many small white flowers in a compound umbel 7 Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 3 Conservation 4 References 5 External linksDescription editBerula erecta occurs on poorly drained neutral and acidic soils of the lowlands and upland fringe It is found in the South West of England especially in Devon It typically resides in shallow aquatic environments containing moderate nutrient levels 9 During the winter its stem and body become completely submerged underwater Berula erecta has been shown to survive and grow better after living in stressful conditions with either limiting or excess nutrients or mechanical stress 10 Berula erecta has toothed leaves from one and a half to two inches across each containing around twenty white flowers The plant can grow from around one to three feet tall 11 The stalk has a pale ring at its base that makes the plant distinguishable and has a scent of carrot or parsnip when crushed 12 The natural communities for Berula erecta are as listed 13 Emergent marsh Floodplain forest Hardwood conifer swamp Headwater stream 1st 2nd order riffle Headwater stream 1st 2nd order pool Headwater stream 1st 2nd order run Prairie fen Rich conifer swamp Rich tamarack swamp Southern shrub carr Southern wet meadowUses editThe Zuni people use Berula erecta as an ingredient of schumaakwe cakes and used it externally for rheumatism 14 An infusion of the whole plant is used as wash for rashes and athlete s foot infection 15 Some Native American peoples have been known to use Berula erecta for medicinal purposes citation needed Berula erecta has been studied for its essential oil that has been believed to possibly have medicinal uses 9 The plant s essential oil has been shown to contain polyacetylenes Polyacetylenes have a wide range of beneficial medicinal effects One is its nematodicidal effects that could potentially be beneficial in agriculture 16 as well its positive effects on human health 17 Polyacetylenes also are antifungal antibacterial and have antiallergenic and anti inflammatory properties 9 However medicinal use of pure polyacetylenes is not feasible due to their high chemical instability as well as a tendency to evoke allergic reactions 18 For this reason consuming smaller and less pure amounts of polyacetylenes from the essential oil of Berula erecta may be viable 19 Following the first cut of the season Berula erecta will likely regrow and produce flowers several times again in the same growing season 12 Conservation editBerula erecta lesser water parsnip is a component of Purple moor grass and rush pastures a type of Biodiversity Action Plan habitat in the UK citation needed The species is globally classified as a least concern species but is a threatened species in the United States 13 In Estonia it is a near threatened species and an endangered species in Norway 20 The species is threatened by invasive wetland species such as watercress that can quickly destroy its habitat 11 Recommended steps to promote conservation of Berula erecta are keeping an open canopy for the species as well as maintenance of groundwater sources that may include periodic controlled burns 13 References edit illustration from Prof Dr Otto Wilhelm Thome Flora von Deutschland Osterreich und der Schweiz 1885 Gera Germany de Belair G Lansdown R V 2013 Berula erecta IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T164378A13575878 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T164378A13575878 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 The Plant List Berula erecta Huds Coville a b Altervista Flora Italiana Sedanina d acqua Cutleaf Waterparsnip Berula erecta Huds Coville Stace Clive 2010b New Flora of the British Isles 3rd ed Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press p 814 ISBN 978 0 521 70772 5 Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map a b Flora of China 天山泽芹 tian shan ze qin Berula erecta Hudson Coville Contr U S Natl Herb 4 115 1893 Atlas of Living Australia a b c Lazarevic Jelena Radulovic Niko Palic Radosav Zlatkovic Bojan 2010 Chemical Analysis of Volatile Constituents ofBerula erecta Hudson Coville subsp erecta Apiaceae From Serbia Journal of Essential Oil Research 22 2 153 156 doi 10 1080 10412905 2010 9700290 ISSN 1041 2905 S2CID 95697964 Milliken W 1999 Native American Ethnobotany Daniel E Moerman Portland Oregon Timber Press 1998 927pp ISBN 0 88192 453 9 US 79 95 hardback Edinburgh Journal of Botany 56 2 317 318 doi 10 1017 s0960428600001244 ISSN 0960 4286 a b Berula erecta Cut leaf Water Parsnip Minnesota Wildflowers www minnesotawildflowers info Retrieved 2018 12 04 a b information sheet information sheet feb 1994 18 pp doi 10 1163 2210 7975 hrd 2338 0059 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help a b c Berula erecta Cut leaved water parsnip Michigan Natural Features Inventory mnfi anr msu edu n d Retrieved 2018 12 04 Stevenson Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians SI BAE Annual Report 30 p 44 Camazine Scott and Robert A Bye 1980 A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2 365 388 p 379 Chitwood David J 2002 Phytochemicalbasedstrategies Fornematodecontrol Annual Review of Phytopathology 40 1 221 249 doi 10 1146 annurev phyto 40 032602 130045 ISSN 0066 4286 PMID 12147760 Brandt K Christensen L P Hansen Moller J Hansen S L Haraldsdottir J Jespersen L Purup S Kharazmi A Barkholt V 2004 Health promoting compounds in vegetables and fruits Trends in Food Science amp Technology 15 7 8 384 393 doi 10 1016 j tifs 2003 12 003 ISSN 0924 2244 Hausen B M Brohas J Konig W A Faasch H Hahn H Bruhn G 1987 Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis from falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol in common ivy Hedera helixL Contact Dermatitis 17 1 1 9 doi 10 1111 j 1600 0536 1987 tb02634 x ISSN 0105 1873 PMID 3652685 S2CID 38387422 Hansen Susanne L Purup Stig Christensen Lars P 2003 Bioactivity of falcarinol and the influenceof processing and storage on its content in carrots Daucus carota L Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83 10 1010 1017 doi 10 1002 jsfa 1442 ISSN 0022 5142 Berula erecta de Belair G amp Lansdown R V IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012 05 02 2012 05 02 doi 10 2305 iucn uk 2013 1 rlts t164378a13575878 en Retrieved 2018 12 04 date doi mismatchExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Berula erecta Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Berula erecta amp oldid 1160259802, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
