Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (also known as Jacobus Berengarius Carpensis, Jacopo Barigazzi, Giacomo Berengario da Carpi or simply Carpus; c. 1460 – c. 1530) was an Italian physician. His book "Isagoge breves" published in 1522 made him the most important anatomist before Andreas Vesalius.[1]
Anatomical plate by Jacopo Berengario da Carpi depicting a pregnant woman with opened uterus
Jacopo Berengario da Carpi was the son of a surgeon. As a youth he assisted his father in surgical work, and his surgical skills became the basis of his later work as a physician. In his late teens, through the association of his family with Lionello Pio, Berengario came under the tutelage of the great humanist printer, Aldo Manuzio who came to Carpi to tutor Alberto III Pio, Prince of Carpi and apparently included Berengario in his instruction. In the 1480s, Berengario attended university in Bologna receiving his degree in medicine in 1489.
Fame through mercury cure for syphilis
After obtaining his degree, Berengario returned to his father and assisted him with his surgery practice for a short time, but the influx of the "French disease" in 1494 provided Berengario with a chance to advance his career as a physician. Traveling to Rome, he treated several patients who suffered from the ailment. Judging by an admittedly one-sided account, his work in Rome was a mix of financial success and medical failure. As quoted in Lind's introduction to the Isagoge, Benvenuto Cellini provided a scathing account of Berengario's practice of treating syphilis with doses of mercury while charging "hundreds of crowns" paid in advance. Berengario apparently developed enough of a reputation that the Pope invited him into his service, but he turned down the offer and left Rome shortly thereafter.
Anatomy in Bologna
Isagogae
Shortly after his work in Rome, he was appointed Maestro nello Studio at Bologna, a university whose faculty were only rarely foreign and then only when they were scholars of considerable reputations. Berengario’s reputation and personal connections with powerful patrons were indeed quite strong. In 1504, the Pope granted him Bolognese citizenship, and he was asked to treat distinguished patients on several occasions including Alessandro Soderini (relative of a Cardinal and part of the Medici family) in 1513 and Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino in 1517. Along with his reputation, Berengario increased his wealth becoming a collector of a variety of artworks including a Roman statue, a painting attributed to Raphael and a pair of vases by Cellini and eventually a house large enough to hold them all.
By all accounts, Berengario was both a popular teacher and an accomplished cultivator of powerful friends. Official university records indicate his success as a teacher over one of his colleagues. He was adept enough at diplomacy to be made court surgeon to the Duke of Ferrara in 1529 after leaving Bologna despite having been condemned to pay a fine or have his nose cut off in 1500 for speaking insultingly of that ducal court. Berengario’s personality is commonly characterized by citing his tendency to violent confrontation. In 1511, he attacked and robbed a stipendiary of the Pope. Also in 1511, he attacked a doctor who sought refuge in a nearby house. The wife of the owner of the house was injured in the process. In 1520, for reasons not quite clear, Berengario along with an entourage attacked the home of Zambelli Petenghi with the intention of taking possession of it and killing its owner. Unable to gain entry, he was forced to content himself with doing damage to the house instead. Apparently due to his personal connections, he remained unpunished for any of his misdeeds.
Legacy
Berengario’s publishing record began in 1514 with an edition of Mondino. In 1518 he published his De fractura cranei and in 1521 his Commentary on Mondino. The Commentary was then supplemented by the Isagogae Breves in 1522 which was a greatly condensed version of the same work “for the common use of all good men”.
Berengario made several important advances in anatomy including the first anatomical text augmented by illustrations, "Anatomia Carpi. Isagoge breves perlucide ac uberime, in Anatomiam humani corporis".[2] This book emphasized the sensory over textual versions of the truth, an emphasis on dissection of human cadavers, some first denials of Galenic anatomy based on personal experience in dissection, and a preference for dissection of numerous bodies following a specific program of investigation. Whereas other anatomists claimed few actual dissections to their name, in 1522 Berengario da Carpi claimed to have anatomized several hundred bodies.[3] He also denied the existence of Galen's rete mirabile. Later Vesalius claimed he was the first to do so.
Anthology
Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo (1530). Isagogae breues et exactissimae in anatomia humani corporis. Henricus Sybold.
Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo (1521). Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super Anatomia Mundini.
Berengario da Carpi, Jacopo (1651). De fractura Cranii, liber aureus. Lugduni Batavorum, ex Officin Joannis Maire.
^"Dream Anatomy: Gallery: Jacopo Berengario da Carpi: Anatomia Carpi".
^Park, Katharine (1994). "The Criminal and the Saintly Body: Autopsy and Dissection in Renaissance Italy". Renaissance Quarterly. 47 (1): 15. doi:10.2307/2863109. JSTOR 2863109. PMID 11639270.
Sources
Choulant, Ludwig; Streeter, Edward Clark (1920). Mortimer Frank (ed.). History and bibliography of anatomic illustration in its relation to Anatomic Science and the Graphic Arts. Translated by Mortimer Frank. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 136–142. Choulant Streeter.
De Santo, N.G.; Touwaide, A., et al. "Berengario da Carpi." American Journal of Nephrology. 1999;19(2):199-212.
Merlini L, Tomba P, Vigano A. "Berengario da Carpi, a pioneer in anatomy, rediscovered by Vittorio Putti." Neuromuscular Disorders. 2003 Jun; 13(5):421-5.
Morton's Medical Bibliography (Garrison and Morton). Ed. By Jeremy Norman. Fifth ed. Aldershot, Hants, England : Scolar Press; Brookfield, Vt., USA : Gower Pub. Co., 1991. Nos. 367 and 368.
L.R. Lind Studies in Pre-Vesalian Anatomy. Biography, translations, documents. The American Philosophical Society, 1975
Putti, Berengario da Carpi, Saggio Biografico e Bibliografico Seguito dalla Traduzione del “De Fractura Calvae Sive Cranei”, L. Capelli, Bologna, 1937
L.R. Lind (trans), “Berengario da Carpi on Fracture of the Skull or Cranium”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 80(4), 1990
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacopo Berengario da Carpi.
Jacopo Berengario da Carpi: Isagogae breues, perlucidae ac uberrimae, in anatomiam humani corporis a communi medicorum academia usitatam (Bologna, 1523). Selected pages scanned from the original work. Historical Anatomies on the Web. US National Library of Medicine.
Some places and memories related to Jacopo Berengario
Selected images from Isagogae breves From The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Digital Library
February 25, 2023
jacopo, berengario, carpi, also, known, jacobus, berengarius, carpensis, jacopo, barigazzi, giacomo, berengario, carpi, simply, carpus, 1460, 1530, italian, physician, book, isagoge, breves, published, 1522, made, most, important, anatomist, before, andreas, v. Jacopo Berengario da Carpi also known as Jacobus Berengarius Carpensis Jacopo Barigazzi Giacomo Berengario da Carpi or simply Carpus c 1460 c 1530 was an Italian physician His book Isagoge breves published in 1522 made him the most important anatomist before Andreas Vesalius 1 Anatomical plate by Jacopo Berengario da Carpi depicting a pregnant woman with opened uterus Contents 1 Early years 2 Fame through mercury cure for syphilis 3 Anatomy in Bologna 4 Legacy 5 Anthology 6 References 6 1 Sources 7 External linksEarly years EditJacopo Berengario da Carpi was the son of a surgeon As a youth he assisted his father in surgical work and his surgical skills became the basis of his later work as a physician In his late teens through the association of his family with Lionello Pio Berengario came under the tutelage of the great humanist printer Aldo Manuzio who came to Carpi to tutor Alberto III Pio Prince of Carpi and apparently included Berengario in his instruction In the 1480s Berengario attended university in Bologna receiving his degree in medicine in 1489 Fame through mercury cure for syphilis EditAfter obtaining his degree Berengario returned to his father and assisted him with his surgery practice for a short time but the influx of the French disease in 1494 provided Berengario with a chance to advance his career as a physician Traveling to Rome he treated several patients who suffered from the ailment Judging by an admittedly one sided account his work in Rome was a mix of financial success and medical failure As quoted in Lind s introduction to the Isagoge Benvenuto Cellini provided a scathing account of Berengario s practice of treating syphilis with doses of mercury while charging hundreds of crowns paid in advance Berengario apparently developed enough of a reputation that the Pope invited him into his service but he turned down the offer and left Rome shortly thereafter Anatomy in Bologna Edit Isagogae Shortly after his work in Rome he was appointed Maestro nello Studio at Bologna a university whose faculty were only rarely foreign and then only when they were scholars of considerable reputations Berengario s reputation and personal connections with powerful patrons were indeed quite strong In 1504 the Pope granted him Bolognese citizenship and he was asked to treat distinguished patients on several occasions including Alessandro Soderini relative of a Cardinal and part of the Medici family in 1513 and Lorenzo de Medici Duke of Urbino in 1517 Along with his reputation Berengario increased his wealth becoming a collector of a variety of artworks including a Roman statue a painting attributed to Raphael and a pair of vases by Cellini and eventually a house large enough to hold them all By all accounts Berengario was both a popular teacher and an accomplished cultivator of powerful friends Official university records indicate his success as a teacher over one of his colleagues He was adept enough at diplomacy to be made court surgeon to the Duke of Ferrara in 1529 after leaving Bologna despite having been condemned to pay a fine or have his nose cut off in 1500 for speaking insultingly of that ducal court Berengario s personality is commonly characterized by citing his tendency to violent confrontation In 1511 he attacked and robbed a stipendiary of the Pope Also in 1511 he attacked a doctor who sought refuge in a nearby house The wife of the owner of the house was injured in the process In 1520 for reasons not quite clear Berengario along with an entourage attacked the home of Zambelli Petenghi with the intention of taking possession of it and killing its owner Unable to gain entry he was forced to content himself with doing damage to the house instead Apparently due to his personal connections he remained unpunished for any of his misdeeds Legacy EditBerengario s publishing record began in 1514 with an edition of Mondino In 1518 he published his De fractura cranei and in 1521 his Commentary on Mondino The Commentary was then supplemented by the Isagogae Breves in 1522 which was a greatly condensed version of the same work for the common use of all good men Berengario made several important advances in anatomy including the first anatomical text augmented by illustrations Anatomia Carpi Isagoge breves perlucide ac uberime in Anatomiam humani corporis 2 This book emphasized the sensory over textual versions of the truth an emphasis on dissection of human cadavers some first denials of Galenic anatomy based on personal experience in dissection and a preference for dissection of numerous bodies following a specific program of investigation Whereas other anatomists claimed few actual dissections to their name in 1522 Berengario da Carpi claimed to have anatomized several hundred bodies 3 He also denied the existence of Galen s rete mirabile Later Vesalius claimed he was the first to do so Anthology EditBerengario da Carpi Jacopo 1530 Isagogae breues et exactissimae in anatomia humani corporis Henricus Sybold Berengario da Carpi Jacopo 1521 Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super Anatomia Mundini Berengario da Carpi Jacopo 1651 De fractura Cranii liber aureus Lugduni Batavorum ex Officin Joannis Maire References Edit Universal Short Title Catalogue USTC Dream Anatomy Gallery Jacopo Berengario da Carpi Anatomia Carpi Park Katharine 1994 The Criminal and the Saintly Body Autopsy and Dissection in Renaissance Italy Renaissance Quarterly 47 1 15 doi 10 2307 2863109 JSTOR 2863109 PMID 11639270 Sources Edit Choulant Ludwig Streeter Edward Clark 1920 Mortimer Frank ed History and bibliography of anatomic illustration in its relation to Anatomic Science and the Graphic Arts Translated by Mortimer Frank Chicago University of Chicago Press pp 136 142 Choulant Streeter De Santo N G Touwaide A et al Berengario da Carpi American Journal of Nephrology 1999 19 2 199 212 Merlini L Tomba P Vigano A Berengario da Carpi a pioneer in anatomy rediscovered by Vittorio Putti Neuromuscular Disorders 2003 Jun 13 5 421 5 Morton s Medical Bibliography Garrison and Morton Ed By Jeremy Norman Fifth ed Aldershot Hants England Scolar Press Brookfield Vt USA Gower Pub Co 1991 Nos 367 and 368 L R Lind Studies in Pre Vesalian Anatomy Biography translations documents The American Philosophical Society 1975 Putti Berengario da Carpi Saggio Biografico e Bibliografico Seguito dalla Traduzione del De Fractura Calvae Sive Cranei L Capelli Bologna 1937 L R Lind trans Berengario da Carpi on Fracture of the Skull or Cranium Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 80 4 1990External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacopo Berengario da Carpi Jacopo Berengario da Carpi Isagogae breues perlucidae ac uberrimae in anatomiam humani corporis a communi medicorum academia usitatam Bologna 1523 Selected pages scanned from the original work Historical Anatomies on the Web US National Library of Medicine Some places and memories related to Jacopo Berengario Selected images from Isagogae breves From The College of Physicians of Philadelphia Digital Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jacopo Berengario da Carpi amp oldid 1136209842, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
